Study on the green extraction of corncob xylan by deep eutectic solvent

Corn as one of the world's major food crops,its by-product corn cob is also rich in resources.However,the unreasonable utilization of corn cob often causes the environmental pollution,waste of resources and other problems.As one of the most abundant polymers in nature,xylan is widely used in food,medicine,materials and other fields.Corn cob is rich in xylan,which is an ideal raw material for extracting xylan.However,the intractable lignin is covalently linked to xylan,which increases the difficulty of xylan extraction.It has been reported that the deep eutectic solvent(DES)could preferentially dissolve lignin in biomass,thereby dissolving the xylan.Then,the xylan in the extract was separated by ethanol precipitation method.The xylan precipitate was obtained after centrifugation,while the supernatant was retained.The components of the supernatant after ethanol precipitation were separated by the rotary evaporator.The ethanol,water and DES were collected for the subsequent extraction of corn cob xylan.In this study,a novel way was provided for the green production of corn cob xylan.The DES was used to extract xylan from corn cob which was used as the raw material.The effects of solid-liquid ratio,reaction time,reaction temperature and water content of DES on the extraction rate of corn cob xylan were investigated by the single factor test.Furthermore,the orthogonal test was designed to optimize the xylan extraction process.The structure of corn cob xylan was analyzed and verified.The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions of corn cob xylan were as follows:the ratio of corn cob to DES was 1:15(g:mL),the extraction time was 3 h,the extraction temperature was 60℃,and the water content of DES was 70%.Under these conditions,the extraction rate of xylan was 16.46%.The extracted corn cob xylan was distinctive triple helix of polysaccharide,which was similar to the structure of commercially available xylan.Xylan was effectively and workably extracted from corn cob by the DES method.This study provided a new approach for high value conversion of corn cob and the clean production of xylan.

A new method for improving the inductively coupled data transmission rate of mooring buoy based on carrier signal frequency selection

In the inductively coupled data transmission system of the mooring buoy, the carrier signal frequency of the transmission channel is limited due to the inherent characteristics of the system, resulting in limited channel bandwidth. The limited channel bandwidth limits the increase in inductively coupled data transmission rate.In order to improve the inductively coupled data transmission rate of mooring buoy as much as possible without damaging the data transmission performance, a new method was proposed in this paper. The method is proposed to improve the data transmission rate by selecting the appropriate carrier signal frequencies based on the principle of maximizing the amplitude value of amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the system. Research has been done according to this method as follows. Firstly, according to the inductively coupled transmission mooring buoy structure, the inductively coupled data transmission circuit model was established. The binary frequency shift keying(2FSK) digital signal modulation mode was selected. Through theoretical analysis, the relation between the carrier signal frequency and the data transmission performance, the relation between the carrier signal frequency and the 2FSK signal bandwidth were obtained. Secondly, the performance and the bandwidth of the signal transmission were studied for the inherent characteristics of the actual inductively coupled data transmission system. The amplitude-frequency characteristic of the system was analyzed by experiments. By selecting the appropriate carrier signal frequency parameters, an excellent data transmission performance was guaranteed and a large 2FSK signal bandwidth was obtained. Finally, an inductively coupled data transmission rate optimization experiment and a bit error rate analysis experiment were designed and carried out. The results show that the high-speed and reliable data transmission of the system was realized and the rate can reach 100 kbps.

Quench Dynamics of Bose–Einstein Condensates in Boxlike Traps

By quenching the interatomic interactions, we investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensates in boxlike traps with power-law potential boundaries. We show that ring dark solitons can be excited during the quench dynamics for both concave and convex potentials. The quench's modulation strength and the steepness of the boundary are two major factors influencing the system's evolution. In terms of the number of ring dark solitons excited in the condensate, five dynamic regimes have been identified. The condensate undergoes damped radius oscillation in the absence of ring dark soliton excitations. When it comes to the appearance of ring dark solitons, their decay produces interesting structures. The excitation patterns for the concave potential show a nested structure of vortex-antivortex pairs. The dynamic excitation patterns for the convex potential, on the other hand, show richer structures with multiple transport behaviors.

Quantum reflection of a Bose-Einstein condensate with a dark soliton from a step potential

We study dynamical behaviors of a Bose-Einstein condensate(BEC)containing a dark soliton reflected from potential wells and potential barriers,respectively.The orientation angle of the dark soliton and the width of the potential change play key roles on the reflection probability Rs.Variation of the reflection probability with respect to the orientation angleθof the dark soliton can be well described by a cosine function Rs~cos[λ(θ-π/2)],whereλis a parameter determined by the width of the potential change.There are two characteristic lengths which determine the reflection properties.The dependence of the reflection probability on the width of the potential change shows distinct characters for potential wells and potential barriers.The length of the dark soliton determines the sensitive width of potential wells,whereas for potential barriers,the decay length of the matter wave in the region of the barrier qualifies the sensitive width of the barrier.The time evolution of the density profiles of the system during the reflection process is studied to disclose the different behaviors of matter waves in the region of the potential variation.

Missense mutations in CSX/NKX_(2.5)are associated with atrial septal defects

Objective ：To study the gene mutations of homeobox transcription factor （CSX/NKX2.5） associated with a Chinese family with secundum atrial septal defect （ASD）. Methods ：Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing were used to check all the members in the family with ASD, and single strand conformation polymorphism analysis （SSCP） was used to check 126 normal control people for detecting the mutations of CSX/NKX2.5 gene. Results： Three mutations, G270A（Glu32Lys ）, G378A （Glu68Lys）andG390A （Glu72Lys）were identified in CSX/NKX2.5 gene of ASD patients. However, the other members in the family with ASD and the control did not have such gene mutations. Conclusion：These mutations of CSX/NKX2.5 gene, which were identified in a Chinese family, may be one of the secundum ASD etiologic causes .

Dual-functional extracellular vesicles enable synergistic treatment via m^(6)A reader YTHDF1-targeting epigenetic regulation and chemotherapy

Chemotherapy remains one of the most prevailing strategies for cancer treatment.However,its treatment effect is hampered by drug resistance,nonspecific tumor targeting,and severe toxic side effects.Combination chemotherapy with synergistic effect has become an attractive tumor therapy.N6-methyladenosine(m6A)regulators determine the fate of m6A-modified transcripts and play vital roles in cancer development and drug resistance.Gene therapy such as small interfering RNA(siRNA)is a promising strategy to reduce the abnormal gene expression of m6A regulators.However,its poor selectivity and high systemic toxicity necessitate the use of delivery vectors to target specific cells and tissues.Here,we constructed a dual-functional targeted nanodrug platform for the synergetic m6A-associated epigenetic regulation and chemotherapy of ovarian cancer.We encapsulated siRNA targeting the m6A reader YT521-B homology(YTH)N6-methyladenosine RNA-binding protein 1(YTHDF1)and docetaxel(DTX),the first-line chemotherapeutic agent of ovarian cancer,into mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles(MsEVs).This nanosystem exhibits significant tumor targeting and endo/lysosomal escape of siYTHDF1.It effectively depletes YTHDF1 and suppresses the protein translation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit C(EIF3C)in an m6A-dependent manner.The combination of YTHDF1-targeting epigenetic regulation significantly enhances the anti-tumor effect of DTX and effectively inhibits ovarian cancer progression without causing significant systemic toxicity.This co-delivery nanoplatform offers a promising approach for combinational cancer treatment,showing improved anti-tumor efficacy through the synergistic effects of epigenetic regulation and chemotherapeutic inhibition.

Immunoadsorption therapy for Klinefelter syndrome with antiphospholipid syndrome in a patient:A case report

BACKGROUND Klinefelter syndrome(KS) is a genetic disease of male sex chromosome malformations that affects sperm production and reduces testosterone production. It has been reported that there is currently more than 10 cases of KS combined with antiphospholipid syndrome(APS).CASE SUMMARY Here, we describe a 31-year-old male patient with chromosome 47, XXY type, who suffered deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs accompanied by abnormal antiphospholipid antibody, lupus anticoagulant and factor VⅢ. After treatment with immunoadsorption therapy, glucocorticoids, cyclophosphamide, intravenous immunoglobulin and anticoagulant therapy, the patient showed dramatic symptomatic improvement. During the follow-up, the patient did not develop any new thrombotic events.CONCLUSION Immunoadsorption combined with glucocorticoid and cyclophosphamide shock comprehensive treatment has achieved significant results for patients with KS combined with antiphospholipid syndrome.

Sustainable Development Research in Chinese Medium-Sized City Based on SLEUTH

Compared with megacity, the medium-sized city is playing a more and more important part in the rapid urbanization process in China. Due to the expanding scale of the medium-sized city, urban growth is sprawl and this way leads to ecological, social and environment problems that are unsustainable. To measure the urban growth of the medium sized city, cellular automata (CA) model is employed. CA has proven to be a popular and effective modeling approach to investigate dynamic urban growth systems and for evaluating the impacts of possible policy options. We use the SLEUTH model, which is a well known CA model, to simulate the future urban growth of Huaian, Jiangsu province of China. The results confirm the value of SLEUTH which provides a rich exploratory of knowledge for evaluating the effects of possible decision-making in local government.

Factors Influencing Technology Transfer for Sustainable Construction Management in Nigeria

The move to embrace sustainable building is an international paradigm with the desire for sustainable development in society. Developing countries, however, are the most susceptible regions to unsustainable development. This study focused on factors influencing Technology Transfer in Construction Management in Nigeria. Questionnaires were applied to collect primary data. A total of 55 registered architectures, quantity surveyors and engineers were interviewed. The data were analyzed and both descriptive and inferential statistics were applied in the study. The findings show that research on sustainability and involvement of stakeholders influence the success of technology transfer. These findings have managerial implications on technology transfer to attain sustained development in the construction industry for many developing countries.

Intercultural Trust in Global Contexts:Synthesizing a Western Nomological Approach with a Chinese Systems Approach

Intercultural trust in global contexts plays a central role in helping people from different cultures to communicate comfortably,which is essential for cooperation.Attempting to construct a framework that might foster international cooperation,and thus be helpful for coping with global emergencies,we relate a Western nomological approach to an Eastern systems approach to analyse intercultural trust in global contexts.Considering cultural impacts on intercultural trust and the nomological framework of cultural differences,we propose an intercultural trust model to interpret how cultural differences influence trust.A qualitative study of Chinese-Irish interactions was conducted to interpret this model.We organized 10 seminars on intercultural trust,and interviewed 16 people to further explore the respondents'deeper feelings and experiences about intercultural trust in global contexts.Through this study,we have identified factors impacting on intercultural trust,and found that intercultural trust can be developed and improved in various ways.To llustrate these ways,we have provided tactics and methods for building intercultural trust in global contexts.Implications are highlighted for organizations to avoid cultural clashes and relevant political or economic risks.

Application of neutron scattering in organic photovoltaic materials

Over last decades,the development of new organic materials has contributed to the rapid increase of high-power conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells.At this stage,to understand the structure and the dynamic of materials is of significant importance for designing novel low-cost photovoltaic cells with superior performance.Neutron scattering is a powerful tool to provide unique and non-destructive information for the organic photovoltaic materials with particular advantages of addressing different parts of organic system by deuterium or tritium substitution.In addition,by employing several neutron scattering methods together,it is possible to further access the static structure and dynamic relaxation of the materials.With this perspective review,we introduce three neutron scattering techniques,including neutron reflectivity,small angle neutron scattering,grazing incidence small angle neutron scattering and quasi-elastic neutron scattering,and their applications on the organic photovoltaic materials.

Transformation of cognition from mechanical to biological aqueous outflow pump may be a breakthrough in solving the problem of intraocular pressure regulation in glaucoma

The blood circulatory system is the largest system of fluid flow in the human body,and it has been widely studied and well understood.Pulsation characterizes the blood circulatory system and results in three essentials,including(i)pressure fluctuations attributed to pumping of the heart,(ii)the self-regulatory,elastic cardiac muscle,which is sensitive to pressure variance and controls the output volume of the heart,and(iii)valves controlling the one-way flow.

Pseudocapacitance boosted N-doped carbon coated Fe7S8 nanoaggregates as promising anode materials for lithium and sodium storage

Herein,the core-shell structured N-doped carbon coated Fe7S8 nano-aggregates(Fe7S8@NC)were controllably prepared via a simple three-step synthesis strategy.The appropriate thickness of N-doped carbon layer outside Fe7S8 nano-aggregates can not only inhibit the particle pulverization induced by the big volume changes of Fe7S8,but can increase the electron transfer efficiency.The hierarchical Fe7S8 nano-aggregates composed of some primary nanoparticles can accelerate the lithium or sodium diffusion kinetics.As anode materials for Li-ion batteries(LIBs),the well-designed Fe7S8@NC nanocomposites exhibit outstanding lithium storage performance,which is better than that of pure Fe7S8,Fe3O4@NC and Fe7S8@C.Among these nanocomposites,the N-doped carbon coated Fe7S8 with carbon content of 26.87 wt.%shows a high reversible specific capacity of 833 mAh·g^−1 after 1,000 cycles at a high current density of 2 A·g^−1.The above electrode also shows excellent high rate sodium storage performance.The experimental and theoretical analyses indicate that the outstanding electrochemical performance could be attributed to the synergistic effect of hierarchical Fe7S8 nanostructure and conductive N-doped carbon layer.The quantitative kinetic analysis indicates that the charge storage of Fe7S8@NC electrode is a combination of diffusion-controlled battery behavior and surface-induced capacitance behavior.

How to Promote Sales: Discount Promotion or Coupon Promotion?

In this paper,we examine how a merchant should choose between discount promotion(offering a discount through an online third-party promotion platform)and coupon promotion(ssuing on-package coupons directly to consumers).We develop a two-period model in which the merchant optimizes the promotion decision in the first period and does not promote in the second period.We identify two consumer segments:informed consumers who are aware of the merchant's offering at the beginning of the first period and know the true quality of the product,and uninformed consumers who are not aware of the merchant's offering at the beginning of the first period and underestimate the product quality.Moreover,the merchant has access only to informed consumers when adopting coupon promotion or when choosing not to promote,while the merchant can access both informed consumers and uninformed consumers when offering discount promotion.In this setting,we find that the merchant should offer discount promotion when the quality estimation of uninformed consumers is large and/or when the proportion of informed consumers is small;otherwise,the merchant should adopt coupon promotion when the effect of coupons in the first period is large and choose not to promote when the effect of coupons in the first period is small.

Application of Mythen detector:In-situ XRD study on the thermal expansion behavior of metal indium

A Mythen detector has been equipped at the beamline 4B9A of Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility （BSRF）, which is expected to enable BSRF to perform time-resolved measurement of X-ray diffraction （XRD） full-profiles. In this paper, the thermal expansion behavior of metal indium has been studied by using the in-situ XRD technique with the Mythen detector. The indium was heated from 303 to 433 K with a heating rate of 2 K/rain. The in-situ XRD full-profiles were collected with a rate of one profile per 10 seconds. Rietveld refinement was used to extract the structural parameters. The results demonstrate that these collected quasi-real-time XRD profiles can be well used for structural analysis. The metal indium was found to have a nonlinear thermal expansion behavior from room temperature to the melting point （429.65 K）. The a-axis of the tetragonal unit cell expands with a biquadratic dependency on temperature, while the c-axis contracts with a cubic dependency on temperature. By the time-resolved XRD measurements, it was observed that the [200] preferred orientation can maintain to about 403.15 K. While （110） is the last and detectable crystal plane just before melting of the polycrystalline indium foil. This study is not only beneficial to the application of metal indium, but also exhibits the capacity of in-situ time-resolved XRD measurements at the X-ray diffraction station of BSRF.

Quantitative analysis of social force in the processes of settlement aggregation

Despite its close connection to many of the problems related to uncloaking hidden structures of settlement aggregation in China,researchers have shown limited interest in quantifying and analyzing the social force.In this study,a sociogram approach for studying the social force in settlement aggregation was proposed and tested.Genealogies in different historic periods were used as the raw data for tracking blood relationships.The strengths of the approaches are the extraction and visualization of historical sources.Social force represents the effect of the environment on the behavior of person,and it evokes the peopled motivation to act as a reaction to information he/she obtained from the environment.It is believed that the processes of settlement aggregation are the results of the social field acting on the behavior of the person.The sociogram model calculated by computer showed that it has the capability of describing the self-organization processes of settlement aggregation.

Urban 8rowth： Chanses, manasement, and problems in larse cities of Southeast China

Compared with medium-sized cities, megacities play an increasingly important role in the rapid urbanization process in China. Owing to the expanding scale of large cities, urban sprawl leads to unsustainable practices that cause ecological, social, and environmental problems. Urban planning and land use planning are major driving forces of land use and land cover change in China. However, the goals of these two types of planning are different, and coordinating them is a challenge for local government decision makers. Thus, we use the SLEUTH model to simulate the implementation scenarios of future urban growth in Nanjing in the Jiangsu province of China. Using the scientific simulation data of the model, we contrasted the alternative futures of the two planning types for local government decision makers to achieve sustainable urban planning. The objective of our study is to explore the problems and possible solutions for urban management in the context of a megacity in China. The results of our study confirm the value of SLEUTH, which provides extensive exploratory knowledge in evaluating the effects of possible local government decisions.

Cell-space model of Xi-di spatial evolution

Spatial evolution in ancient Chinese villages is always one of the most interesting research topics in the field of architectural design, urban planning and history of architecture. Xi-di village exemplifies traditional settlements in ancient China, For many years, numerous researchers have explored its built form, origin and evolution process from different perspectives. This paper attempts to position the spatial evolution process of this village in the context of complex system theory, which views the process of space self-organization as a form of disequilibrium and nonlinear development process. Through analyzing the mechanism of village space changes, we develop the dynamic evolution modeling based on the theory of cellular automata. The purpose of the paper is to provide a new perspective for the conventional architectural research of space self-organization.

Site-directed mutagenesis of long QT syndrome KCNQ1 gene in vitro

To construct a polymerase chain reaction(PCR)site-directed mutagenesis of the long QT syndrome KCNQ1 gene in vitro,two sets of primers were designed according to the sequence of KCNQ1 cDNA and a mismatch was introduced into primers.Mutagenesis was performed in a two-step PCR.The amplified fragments from the third PCR which contained the mutation site were sub-cloned into the T-vector pCR2.1.Then,the fragments containing the mutation site was obtained from pCR2.1 using restriction enzymes digestion and inserted into the same restriction site of pIRES2-EGFP-KCNQ1.The sequencing analysis shows that the mutation site was correct.Mutation from A to G in site 983 of KCNQ1 cDNA was found.Using the Effectene transfection reagent,pIRES2-EGFP-KCNQ1(G983A)was transfected into HEK cells successfully.These results may shed light on further functional study of KCNQ1 gene.

不同方案治疗眼球萎缩合并眶壁骨折的临床研究

目的探讨不同方案治疗眼球萎缩合并眶壁骨折的临床效果。方法收集2017年1月至2020年12月于首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院眼科中心眼球萎缩合并眶壁骨折患者47例(47只眼)的临床资料。其中,男性39例(39只眼),女性8例(8只眼);年龄18~68岁,平均年龄(39.3±11.8)岁。根据规则采取不同方案进行手术治疗。记录患者的手术方案、病变类型、植入材料、植入义眼台的直径及佩戴义眼片的情况,以例数(眼数)和百分比进行描述;测量并计算术后6个月时患者双侧眼球突出度差值,以中位数和四分位数间距[M(P25,P75)]表示;问询患者对术后外观的满意度,记录患者的随访时间和并发症的发生情况,以例数(眼数)和百分比进行描述。结果全部患者47例(47只眼)佩戴义眼片后均可调整至两侧眼球突出度差值<2 mm,至随访结束,均对外观满意。其中,合并单纯眶内壁骨折无眶壁骨折修复仅植入义眼台者19例(19只眼),占40.43%;术后6个月时两侧眼球突出度差值为2~4 mm,中位数为3(2,3)mm。合并单纯眶下壁骨折无眶壁骨折修复仅植入义眼台者15例(15只眼),占31.92%;术后6个月,两侧眼球突出度差值为3~5 mm,中位数为4(3,4)mm。合并单纯眶下壁骨折行眶壁骨折修复且植入义眼台者2例(2只眼),占4.26%;术后6个月时两侧眼球突出度差值均为3 mm。合并眼眶内壁及下壁骨折无眶壁骨折修复仅植入义眼台者7例(7只眼),占14.89%;术后6个月时两侧眼球突出度差值为4~5 mm,中位数为4(4,5)mm。合并眼眶内壁及下壁骨折仅行眶下壁骨折修复且植入义眼台者3例(3只眼),占6.38%;术后6个月时两侧眼球突出度差值为2~4 mm,中位数为3(2,4)mm。合并眼眶内壁及下壁骨折行眶内壁及下壁联合修复且植入义眼台者1例(1只眼),占2.13%;术后6个月时两侧眼球突出度差值为4 mm。全部患者47例(47只眼)中,植入23 mm直径义眼台者共8例(8只眼),占17.02%;术后6个月时两侧眼球突出度差值为3~5 mm,中位数为3.5(3,4)mm。植入24 mm直径义眼台者39例(39只眼),占82.98%;术后6个月时两侧眼球突出度差值为2~5 mm,中位数为3(3,4)mm。全部患者47例(47只眼)中,进行眶壁骨折修复者6例(6只眼),占12.77%。其中,植入预成型小钛网未植入聚乙烯板者4例(4只眼),占8.51%;术后6个月时两侧眼球突出度差值为3~4 mm,中位数为3(3,3.75)mm。植入预成型小钛网和聚乙烯板者1例(1只眼),占2.13%;术后6个月时两侧眼球突出度差值为2 mm。植入预成型大钛网和聚乙烯板者1例(1只眼),占2.13%;术后6个月时两侧眼球突出度差值为4 mm。全部患者在随访期内,均未发生并发症。结论以本研究制定的规则手术治疗眼球萎缩合并眶壁骨折,术后患者双侧眼球突出度差值可控制在合理范围内,术后患者满意度高。