Development and validation of tongue imaging-based radiomics tool for the diagnosis of insomnia degree:a two-center study

Background:Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is commonly used for the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia,with tongue diagnosis being particularly important.The aim of our study was to develop and validate a novel tongue imaging-based radiomics(TIR)method for accurately diagnosing insomnia severity.Methods:This two-center analysis prospectively enrolled 399 patients who underwent tongue imaging between July and October 2021 and divided them into primary and validation cohorts by study center.Here,we referred to the Insomnia Severity Index(ISI)standard and the degree of insomnia was evaluated as absent,subthreshold,moderate,or severe.For developed the TIR diagnostic tool,a U-Net algorithm was used to segment tongue images.Subsequently,seven imaging features were selected from the extracted high-throughout radiomics features using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm.Then,the final radiomics model was developed in the primary cohort and tested in the independent validation cohort.Finally,we assessed and compared the diagnostic performance differences between TCM tongue diagnosis and our TIR diagnostic tool with the ISI gold standard.The confusion matrix was calculated to evaluate the diagnostic performance.Results:Seven tongue imaging features were selected to build the TIR tool,with showing good correlations with the insomnia degree.The TIR method had an accuracy of 0.798,a macro-average sensitivity of 0.78,a macro-average specificity of 0.906,a weighted-average sensitivity of 0.798,and a weighted specificity of 0.916,showing a significantly better performance compared to the average performance of three experienced TCM physicians(mean accuracy of 0.458,P<0.01).Conclusions:The preliminary study demonstrates the potential application of TIR in the diagnosis of insomnia degree and measurement of sleep health.The integration of quantitative imaging analysis and machine learning algorithms holds promise for advancing both of TCM and precision sleep medicine.

Imidazolium group prompted alkaline anion-exchange membrane with high performance for efficient electrochemical CO_(2) conversion

Development of high-performance hydroxide-conductive membranes is a focus research subject owing to promising applications in electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)(eCO_(2)RR).However,few satisfactory membranes have been developed to maximize the performance of CO_(2) electrolyzers,despite its role as the core in regulating ion transport and preventing product crossover or fuel loss.Herein,we report the synthesis of alkaline anion-exchange membranes fabricated by poly(vinyl-alcohol)(PVA)and poly[(3-methyl-1-vinylimidazoliummethylsulfate)-co-(1-vinylpyrrolidone)](PQ44)for use in CO_(2) electrolysis.Owing to the unique imidazolium ring structure coupled with a three-dimensional semiinterpenetrating porous internal architecture,the PVA/PQ44-OH-membranes provide a high hydroxide conductivity(21.47 mS cm^(-1)),preferable mechanical property and thermal stability.In particular,the eCO_(2)RR used PVA/PQ44-OH^(-) as electrolyte membrane realized a charming Faradaic efficiency(88%)and partial current density(29 mA cm^(-2))at0.96 VRHE and,delivered the excellent durability over 20 h electrolysis in 0.5 mol L^(-1) KHCO_(3) electrolyte.Notably,it can even enable an ultrahigh current density beyond 100 mA cm^(-2) at^(-1).11 VRHE when the electrolyte was KOH instead,and produced the FEHCOOof 85%at a low potential of0.81 VRHE,superior to both commercial alkaline A201 and acidic Nafion117 membrane.

A novel mitovirus from Buergenerula spartinae infecting the invasive species Spartina alterniflora

Dear Editor,Spartina alterniflora,a coastal saltmarsh plant,has been classified as one of sixteen invasive alien species by the State Environmental Protection Administration of China.Nearly forty years of propagation and intru-sion of this plant has resulted in some harmful effects on the economic development of coastal areas,due to its proliferation.Because S.alterniflora is an example of a prolific invasive plant species in coastal beach areas。

Acknowledgments to reviewers of World Journal of Biological Chemistry

We acknowledge our sincere thanks to our reviewers.Many reviewers have contributed their expertise andtime to the peer review, a critical process to ensure thequality of our World Series Journals. Both the editors ofthe journals and authors of the manuscripts submittedto the journals are grateful to the

Advances in Research of Simple Obesity and Its Manipulative Therapy in Recent Ten Years

The simple obesity is a common clinical disease and its incidence is increasing year by year.With the increasing pace of work,increasing pressure,and changing eating habits,the incidence of simple obesity tends to be younger.Among the treatment protocols for this disease,TCM manipulative(Tuina)therapy has remarkable curative effect and few adverse reactions,and has been well recognized.Modern research has also proposed a variety of treatment protocols with different characteristics and good curative effects.This paper reviews the related literature on simple obesity and its manipulative therapy in the past ten years,and summarizes its disease name,etiology and pathogenesis,manipulation and related therapies,so as to provide new ideas and new angles for the treatment of the simple obesity.

Isoliquiritigenin induces HMOX1 and GPX4-mediated ferroptosis in gallbladder cancer cells

Background:Gallbladder cancer(GBC)is the most common malignant tumor of biliary tract.Isoliquiritigenin(ISL)is a natural compound with chalcone structure extracted from the roots of licorice and other plants.Relevant studies have shown that ISL has a strong anti-tumor ability in various types of tumors.However,the research of ISL against GBC has not been reported,which needs to be further investigated.Methods:The effects of ISL against GBC cells in vitro and in vivo were characterized by cytotoxicity test,RNA-sequencing,quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,reactive oxygen species(ROS)detection,lipid peroxidation detection,ferrous ion detection,glutathione disulphide/glutathione(GSSG/GSH)detection,lentivirus transfection,nude mice tumorigenesis experiment and immunohistochemistry.Results:ISL significantly inhibited the proliferation of GBC cells in vitro.The results of transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis showed that ferroptosis was the main pathway of ISL inhibiting the proliferation of GBC,and HMOX1 and GPX4 were the key molecules of ISL-induced ferroptosis.Knockdown of HMOX1 or overexpression of GPX4 can reduce the sensitivity of GBC cells to ISL-induced ferroptosis and significantly restore the viability of GBC cells.Moreover,ISL significantly reversed the iron content,ROS level,lipid peroxidation level and GSSG/GSH ratio of GBC cells.Finally,ISL significantly inhibited the growth of GBC in vivo and regulated the ferroptosis of GBC by mediating HMOX1 and GPX4.Conclusion:ISL induced ferroptosis in GBC mainly by activating p62-Keap1-Nrf2-HMOX1 signaling pathway and downregulating GPX4 in vitro and in vivo.This evidence may provide a new direction for the treatment of GBC.

A review of existing and emerging binders for silicon anodic Li-ion batteries

Silicon anodes have been extensively studied as a potential alternative to graphite ones for Li-ion batteries.However,their commercial application is limited by the issues of the poor structural and interfacial stability.In this regard,one of the key strategies for fully exploiting the capacity potential of Si-based anodes is to design robust conductive binder networks.Although the amount of binder in the electrode is small,it is,however,considered as a critical component of Si-based anodes for Li-ion batteries.In this review,a brief summary is given from the structural and functional aspects of the existing binders for Si anodes.In particular,three-dimensional and multifunctional polymeric binders with excellent electrical conductivity,flexibility,adhesion prepared by chemical bonding,electrostatic and coordination interactions have become the focus of research,are expected to accelerate the practical application of silicon anodes.Lastly,some suggestions for the future development of Si anodic binders are put forward.

我国药学硕士专业学位教育的发展与挑战

本篇综述介绍了我国药学硕士专业学位教育的发展现状和面临的挑战。通过查阅有关药学硕士专业学位教育文献,同时对108家培养单位进行访谈和问卷调查以获取相关信息:药学硕士专业学位设置于2010年,主要培养药物技术转化、生产、流通、使用、监管等应用领域的高层次、应用型药学专门人才。经过9年的探索与发展,药学硕士专业学位研究生教育建立了具有中国特色的药学高层次人才培养模式。随着我国药学产业转型升级,硕士层次的专业学位教育已经无法满足行业对高层次、专业化人才的需求,因此全国药学专业学位研究生教育指导委员会正积极推动在我国设置药学博士专业学位。

大豆异黄酮genistein的长期暴露通过下调MCM复合物抑制胆囊癌增殖的研究

大豆异黄酮是天然的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,与多种肿瘤发病率和死亡率的降低密切相关.同时,酪氨酸激酶如ERBB2的激活是胆囊炎转化为胆囊癌的重要机制,因此,研究长期接触大豆异黄酮与胆囊癌的发生和发展之间的关系十分重要.这项85对的病例对照研究发现,高血浆大豆异黄酮genistein水平与较低的胆囊癌风险相关(≥326.0与≤19.3 ng/mL对比,OR=0.15,95%可信区间0.04~0.59;趋势检验P=0.016),并且genistein暴露水平与胆囊癌组织中Ki67表达负相关(85例).与这些结果一致,体外和体内的长期genistein暴露模型中,胆囊癌细胞的增殖受到抑制.长期暴露于genistein降低了ERBB2的酪氨酸激酶活性,并影响了PTK6-AKT-GSK3β轴的功能,导致胆囊癌细胞中MCM复合物的表达下调.总之,长期接触与大豆制品摄入相关的genistein可能在预防甚至抑制胆囊癌的增殖方面起到一定的作用.

Overview of current targeted therapy in gallbladder cancer

Gallbladder cancer(GBC)is rare,but is the most malignant type of biliary tract tumor.Unfortunately,only a small population of cancer patients is acceptable for the surgical resection,the current effective regimen;thus,the high mortality rate has been static for decades.To substantially circumvent the stagnant scenario,a number of therapeutic approaches owing to the creation of advanced technologic measures(e.g.,next-generation sequencing,transcriptomics,proteomics)have been intensively innovated,which include targeted therapy,immunotherapy,and nanoparticle-based delivery systems.In the current review,we primarily focus on the targeted therapy capable of specifically inhibiting individual key molecules that govern aberrant signaling cascades in GBC.Global clinical trials of targeted therapy in GBC are updated and may offer great value for novel pathologic and therapeutic insights of this deadly disease,ultimately improving the efficacy of treatment.

Topological reorganization and functional alteration of distinct genomic components in gallbladder cancer

Altered three-dimensional architecture of chromatin influences various genomic regulators and subsequent gene expression in human cancer.However,knowledge of the topological rearrangement of genomic hierarchical layers in cancer is largely limited.Here,by taking advantage of in situ Hi-C,RNA-sequencing,and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing(ChIP-seq),we investigated structural reorganization and functional changes in chromosomal compartments,topologically associated domains(TADs),and CCCTC binding factor(CTCF)-mediated loops in gallbladder cancer(GBC)tissues and cell lines.We observed that the chromosomal compartment A/B switch was correlated with CTCF binding levels and gene expression changes.Increased inter-TAD interactions with weaker TAD boundaries were identified in cancer cell lines relative to normal controls.Furthermore,the chromatin short loops and cancer unique loops associated with chromatin remodeling and epithelial–mesenchymal transition activation were enriched in cancer compared with their control counterparts.Cancer-specific enhancer–promoter loops,which contain multiple transcription factor binding motifs,acted as a central element to regulate aberrant gene expression.Depletion of individual enhancers in each loop anchor that connects with promoters led to the inhibition of their corresponding gene expressions.Collectively,our data offer the landscape of hierarchical layers of cancer genome and functional alterations that contribute to the development of GBC.