Longmen Shan is located the special joint be-tween Tibetan Plateau inland in the west and Yangtze craton in the east. Consisting of a se-ries of parallel imbricated thrust, it develops, from the west to the east, the ...Longmen Shan is located the special joint be-tween Tibetan Plateau inland in the west and Yangtze craton in the east. Consisting of a se-ries of parallel imbricated thrust, it develops, from the west to the east, the Maoxian- Wenchuan, Beichuan-Yingxiu and Pengxian- ﹡This research was supported by China National Natural Science Foundation grant 40841010, 40972083 and China National Science and Technology supporting Plan Foundation grant 2006BAC13B02-07, 2006BAC13B01-604. Guanxian faults. The Wenchuan earthquake is a thrust with strike-slip type, and thre surface ruptures are located on the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault zone and Pengxian-Guanxian fault zone. The surface rupture on the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault shows the thrust and dextral slip charac-teristic. The maximum vertical displacement of the surface rupture is about 10.3 m and the maxi-mum right-lateral displacement is about 5.85m. Though the vertical displacements and the hori-zontal displacements in the different segments have certain differences, as a whole, the ratio of the vertical displacement and the horizontal dis-placement is close to 1:1. The surface rupture on the Pengxian-Guanxian fault shows thrust and dextral characteristic. The rates of vertical dis-placements and the horizontal displacements ones on the most other segments are between 1:3 and 1:2. So the Beichuan- Yingxiu fault is a dextral-slip and thrust fault and the average ver-tical displacement is equal to the average hori-zontal displacement, while the Pengxian- Guan xian fault is thrust fault with a little dextral-slip component. The total intensity area above Ⅵ de-gree of the Wenchuan earthquake is about 333000 km2. The high earthquake intensity line stretches to N40-50°E along Longmen Shan tectonic belt. The rate of the long axis and the minor is betw- een 8:1 and 10:1. Three Ⅺ intensity regions are isolated in distribution. It presents a multipoint instantaneous characteristic of the rupture.展开更多
Background:Hepatitis A(HepA)vaccination and economic transitions can change the epidemiology of HepA.China's Gross Domestic Product(GDP)per capita was known to be inversely associated with the incidence of HepA,bu...Background:Hepatitis A(HepA)vaccination and economic transitions can change the epidemiology of HepA.China's Gross Domestic Product(GDP)per capita was known to be inversely associated with the incidence of HepA,but a deeper understanding of the epidemiology of HepA in different socio-economic regions is lacking.We compare the changing epidemiology of HepA in three socioeconomic-geographic regions of China.Methods:We obtained data on all HepA cases reported through the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System and assessed trends and changes in age-specific incidence rates by age quartile and season.We categorized the country into three regions,the sequential years into five era,compared the incidence,quartile age;seasonal intensity and coverage of HepA of the three regions.Linear regression was peiformed to analyse trends in incidence of HepA and to analyse the association between coverage and incidence.Results:The annual mean incidences of HepA in the eastern,central,and western regions decreased from 63.52/100000,50.57/100000 and 46.39/100000 in 1990-1992 to 1.18/100000,1.05/100000 and 3.14/100000 in 2012-2017,respectively.Decreases in incidence were seen in all age groups in the three regions;the incidence was highest(9.3/100000)in the youngest age group(0-4 years)of the western region,while in the central region,the age group with the highest incidence changed from 0 to 9 years to adults>60 years old.In 2017,the median age of HepA cases was 43 years(Q-Q3:33-55),47 years(Q1-Q3:32-60)and 33 years(Q1-Q3:9-52)in the eastern,central,and western provinces,respectively.Seasonal peaks became smaller or were nearly elimination nationwide,but seasonality persisted in some provinces.After the Expanded Program on Immunization(EPI)included HepA vaccine into the routine schedule in 2007,HepA coverage increased to>80%in the three regions and was negatively association with the HepA incidence.Conclusion:The incidence of HepA decreased markedly between 1990 and 2017.A socioeconomic inequity in coverage of HepA vaccine was almost eliminated after HepA vaccine was introduced into China's EPI system,but inequity in incidence still existed in lower socio-economic developed region.展开更多
文摘Longmen Shan is located the special joint be-tween Tibetan Plateau inland in the west and Yangtze craton in the east. Consisting of a se-ries of parallel imbricated thrust, it develops, from the west to the east, the Maoxian- Wenchuan, Beichuan-Yingxiu and Pengxian- ﹡This research was supported by China National Natural Science Foundation grant 40841010, 40972083 and China National Science and Technology supporting Plan Foundation grant 2006BAC13B02-07, 2006BAC13B01-604. Guanxian faults. The Wenchuan earthquake is a thrust with strike-slip type, and thre surface ruptures are located on the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault zone and Pengxian-Guanxian fault zone. The surface rupture on the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault shows the thrust and dextral slip charac-teristic. The maximum vertical displacement of the surface rupture is about 10.3 m and the maxi-mum right-lateral displacement is about 5.85m. Though the vertical displacements and the hori-zontal displacements in the different segments have certain differences, as a whole, the ratio of the vertical displacement and the horizontal dis-placement is close to 1:1. The surface rupture on the Pengxian-Guanxian fault shows thrust and dextral characteristic. The rates of vertical dis-placements and the horizontal displacements ones on the most other segments are between 1:3 and 1:2. So the Beichuan- Yingxiu fault is a dextral-slip and thrust fault and the average ver-tical displacement is equal to the average hori-zontal displacement, while the Pengxian- Guan xian fault is thrust fault with a little dextral-slip component. The total intensity area above Ⅵ de-gree of the Wenchuan earthquake is about 333000 km2. The high earthquake intensity line stretches to N40-50°E along Longmen Shan tectonic belt. The rate of the long axis and the minor is betw- een 8:1 and 10:1. Three Ⅺ intensity regions are isolated in distribution. It presents a multipoint instantaneous characteristic of the rupture.
基金operating system for public health preparedness and response of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(131031001000150001)Major Science and Technology Special Project(grant no.2017ZX10105015).
文摘Background:Hepatitis A(HepA)vaccination and economic transitions can change the epidemiology of HepA.China's Gross Domestic Product(GDP)per capita was known to be inversely associated with the incidence of HepA,but a deeper understanding of the epidemiology of HepA in different socio-economic regions is lacking.We compare the changing epidemiology of HepA in three socioeconomic-geographic regions of China.Methods:We obtained data on all HepA cases reported through the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System and assessed trends and changes in age-specific incidence rates by age quartile and season.We categorized the country into three regions,the sequential years into five era,compared the incidence,quartile age;seasonal intensity and coverage of HepA of the three regions.Linear regression was peiformed to analyse trends in incidence of HepA and to analyse the association between coverage and incidence.Results:The annual mean incidences of HepA in the eastern,central,and western regions decreased from 63.52/100000,50.57/100000 and 46.39/100000 in 1990-1992 to 1.18/100000,1.05/100000 and 3.14/100000 in 2012-2017,respectively.Decreases in incidence were seen in all age groups in the three regions;the incidence was highest(9.3/100000)in the youngest age group(0-4 years)of the western region,while in the central region,the age group with the highest incidence changed from 0 to 9 years to adults>60 years old.In 2017,the median age of HepA cases was 43 years(Q-Q3:33-55),47 years(Q1-Q3:32-60)and 33 years(Q1-Q3:9-52)in the eastern,central,and western provinces,respectively.Seasonal peaks became smaller or were nearly elimination nationwide,but seasonality persisted in some provinces.After the Expanded Program on Immunization(EPI)included HepA vaccine into the routine schedule in 2007,HepA coverage increased to>80%in the three regions and was negatively association with the HepA incidence.Conclusion:The incidence of HepA decreased markedly between 1990 and 2017.A socioeconomic inequity in coverage of HepA vaccine was almost eliminated after HepA vaccine was introduced into China's EPI system,but inequity in incidence still existed in lower socio-economic developed region.
