The incidences and mortalities of major cancers in China, 2010

To estimate the cancer incidences and mortalities in China in 2010, the National Central Cancer Registry(NCCR) of China evaluated data for the year of 2010 from 145 qualified cancer registries covering 158,403,248 people(92,433,739 in urban areas and 65,969,509 in rural areas). The estimates of new cancer cases and cancer deaths were 3,093,039 and 1,956,622 in 2010, respectively. The percentage of morphologically verified cases were 67.11%; 2.99% of incident cases were identified through death certification only, with the mortality to incidence ratio of 0.61. The crude incidence was 235.23/100,000(268.65/100,000 in males and 200.21/100,000 in females). The age-standardized rates by Chinese standard population(ASR China) and by world standard population(ASR world) were 184.58/100,000 and 181.49/100,000, respectively, with a cumulative incidence(0-74 years old) of 21.11%. The crude cancer mortality was 148.81/100,000(186.37/100,000 in males and 109.42/100,000 in females). The ASR China and ASR world were 113.92/100,000 and 112.86/100,000, respectively, with a cumulative mortality of 12.78%. Lung, breast, gastric, liver, esophageal, colorectal, and cervical cancers were the most common cancers. Lung, liver, gastric, esophageal, colorectal, breast, and pancreatic cancers were the leading causes of cancer deaths. The coverage of cancer registration has rapidly increased in China in recent years and may reflect more accurate cancer burdens among populations living in different areas. Given the increasing cancer burden in the past decades, China should strengthen its cancer prevention and control.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma incidence and mortality in China in 2010

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) is common in South China. Although regional epidemiological data on NPC in China is available, national epidemiological data have been unavailable up to now. The goal of this study was to analyze the NPC incidence and mortality data in some domestic cancer registries, estimate these rates in China in 2010, and provide scientific information that can be harnessed for NPC control and prevention. To accomplish this goal, NPC incidence and mortality data for 2010 were collected from 145 Chinese cancer registries from which data were included in the 2013 National Cancer Registry Annual Report. Such indices as its incident and death numbers, crude rates, age-standardized rates and truncated rates were calculated and analyzed. The incidence and mortality in China and constituent areas were estimated according to the national population in 2010. An estimated 41,503 new cases and 20,058 deaths were attributed to NPC in China in 2010, accounting for 1.34% of all new cancer cases and 1.03% of all cancer-related deaths that year in China. Crude incidence and mortality were 3.16/100,000 and 1.53/100,000, respectively. World age-standardized incidence and mortality were 2.44/100,000 and 1.18/100,000, respectively. Incidence and mortality were higher among males than among females and slightly higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Among seven Chinese administrative regions, NPC incidence and mortality were obviously higher in South China than in other regions and lowest in North China. The male and female age-specific incidence and mortality both rose quickly from age 25-29 years, but peaked at different ages and varied by location. These results demonstrated that NPC incidence and mortality in China especially in South China were at high levels in the world, and suggested that control and prevention efforts should be enhanced.

Incidence and mortality of liver cancer in China, 2010

Liver cancer is a common malignant tumor in China and a major health concern. We aimed to estimate the liver cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2010 using liver cancer data from some Chinese cancer registries and provide reference for liver cancer prevention and treatment. We collected and evaluated the incidence and mortality data of liver cancer in 2010 from 145 cancer registries, which were included in the 2013 Chinese Cancer Registry Annual Report, calculated crude, standardized, and truncated incidences and mortalities, and estimated new liver cancer cases and deaths from liver cancer throughout China and in different regions in 2010 from Chinese practical population. The estimates of new liver cancer cases and deaths were 358,840 and 312,432, respectively, in China in 2010. The crude incidence, age-standardized rate by Chinese standard population(ASR China), and age-standardized rate by world standard population(ASR world) were 27.29/100,000, 21.35/100,000, and 20.87/100,000, respectively; the crude, ASR China, and ASR world mortalities were 23.76/100,000, 18.43/100,000, and 18.04/100,000, respectively. The incidence and mortality were the highest in western regions, higher in rural areas than in urban areas, and higher in males than in females. The age-specific incidence and mortality of liver cancer showed a rapid increase from age 30 and peaked at age 80-84 or 85+. Our results indicated that the 2010 incidence and mortality of liver cancer in China, especially in undeveloped rural areas and western regions, were among high levels worldwide. The strategy for liver cancer prevention and treatment should be strengthened.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma incidence and mortality in China,2013

Background: We estimated the incidence and mortality of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) in China in 2010 according to the data of 145 domestic population-based cancer registries in 2014, and no such reports since then.Hence, to further and better understand its epidemiology in China and to provide more precise scientific information for its control and prevention in China, we analyzed the NPC incidence and mortality of 255 domestic populationbased cancer registries, and estimated the national rates in 2013 again.Methods: NPC incidence and mortality data of 255 domestic cancer registries in 2013, accepted by the 2016 National Cancer Registry Annual Report, were collected and collated, and the indices of NPC such as the numbers of new cases and deaths, crude rates, age-standardized rates, and truncated rates of incidence and mortality were calculated and analyzed. The incidence and mortality in China and its constituent areas were estimated according to the national population in 2013.Results: An estimated 42,100 new cases and 21,320 deaths were attributed to NPC in China in 2013, accounting for1.14% of all new cancer cases and 0.96% of all cancer-related deaths that year in China. Crude incidence and mortality of NPC were 3.09/100,000 and 1.57/100,000, respectively. World age-standardized incidence and mortality were2.17/100,000 and 1.08/100,000, respectively. The incidence and mortality of males were obviously higher than those of females and slightly higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Among seven Chinese administrative regions, NPC incidence and mortality were obviously higher in South China than in other regions and lowest in North China. Top3 incidence and mortality provinces and registering areas all located in South China. The age-specific incidence and mortality rose quickly from age 25-29 and 35 to 39 years, respectively, peaked at different ages and varied by location.Conclusions: These results demonstrated that NPC incidence and mortality in China in 2013 were also at high levels worldwide, which suggested that its control and prevention should be enhanced.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma incidence and mortality in China in 2009

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is rare globally but common in China and exhibits a distinct ethnic and geographic distribution. In 2009, the National Central Cancer Registry in China provided real-time surveillance information on NPC. Individual NPC cases were retrieved from the national database based on the ICD-10 topography code C11. The crude incidence and mortality of NPC were calculated by sex and location (urban/rural). China's population in 1982 and Segi's world population structures were used to determine age-standardized rates. In regions covered by the cancer registries in 2009, the crude incidence of NPC was 3.61/100,000 (5.08/100,000 in males and 2.10/100,000 in females; 4.19/100,000 in urban areas and 2.42/100,000 in rural areas). Age-standardized incidences by Chinese population (ASIC) and Segi's world population (ASIW) were 2.05/100,000 and 2.54/100,000, respectively. The crude mortality of NPC was 1.99/100,000 (2.82/100,000 in males and 1.14/100,000 in females; 2.30/100,000 in urban areas and 1.37/100,000 in rural areas). The age-standardized mortalities by Chinese population (ASMC) and world population (ASMW) were 1.04/100,000 and 1.35/100,000, respectively. The incidence and mortality of NPC were higher in males than in females and higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Both agespecific incidence and mortality were relatively low in persons younger than 30 years old, but these rates dramatically increased. Incidence peaked in the 60-64 age group and mortality peaked in the over 85 age group. Primary and secondary prevention, such as lifestyle changes and early detection, should be carried out in males and females older than 30 years of age.

Cancer Incidence and Mortality in China,2007

Objective： Cancer incidence and mortality data collected from population-based cancer registries were analyzed to present the overall cancer statistics in Chinese registration areas by age, sex and geographic area in 2007. Methods： In 2010, 48 cancer registries reported cancer incidence and mortality data of 2007 to National Central Cancer Registry of China. Of them, 38 registries＇ data met the national criteria. Incidence and mortality were calculated by cancer sites, age, gender, and area. Age-standardized rates were described by China and World population. Results： The crude incidence rate for all cancers was 276.16/100,000 （305.22/100,000 for male and 246.46/100,000 for female; 284.71/100,000 in urban and 251.07/100,000 in rural）. Age-standardized incidence rates by China and World population were 145.39/100,000 and 189.46/100,000 respectively. The crude mortality rate for all cancers was 177.09/100,000 （219.15/100,000 for male and 134.10/100,000 for female; 173.55/100,000 in urban and 187.49/100,000 in rural）. Age-standardized mortality rates by China and World population were 86.06/100,000 and 116.46/100,000, respectively. The top 10 most frequently common cancer sites were the lung, stomach, colon and rectum, liver, breast, esophagus, pancreas, bladder, brain and lymphoma, accounting for 76.12% of the total cancer cases. The top 10 causes of cancer death were cancers of the lung, liver, stomach, esophagus, colon and rectum, pancreas, breast, leukemia, brain and lymphoma, accounting for 84.37% of the total cancer deaths. Conclusion： Cancer remains a major disease threatening people＇s health in China. Prevention and control should be enhanced, especially for the main cancers.

Incidence and mortality of liver cancer in China in 2011

Background: Liver cancer is a common cancer with poor prognosis in China. In this study, the national population?based cancer registration data were used to evaluate and analyze liver cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2011 and provide a reference for liver cancer prevention and control.Methods: We collected and evaluated the incidence and mortality data of liver cancer in 2011 from 177 cancer registries with qualiied data. These data were used in the inal analysis including calculating crude, standardized, and truncated incidences and mortalities, and estimated new liver cancer cases and deaths using age?speciic rates and the corresponding populations. The national census in 2000 and Segi's population were used for age?standardized rates.Results: The estimates of new liver cancer cases and deaths were 355,595 and 322,416, respectively, in China in 2011. The crude incidence, age?standardized rate of incidence by Chinese standard population(ASRIC), and age?stand?ardized rate of incidence by world standard population(ASRIW) of liver cancer were 26.39/100,000, 19.48/100,000, and 19.10/100,000, respectively; the crude mortality, age?standardized rate of mortality by Chinese standard popula?tion(ASRMC), and age?standardized rate of mortality by world standard population(ASRMW) of liver cancer were 23.93/100,000,17.48/100,000, and 17.17/100,000, respectively. The incidence and mortality were higher in rural areas than in urban areas and higher in males than in females. The age?speciic incidence and mortality of liver cancer increased greatly with age, particularly after 30 years and peaked at 80–84 or 85+ years.Conclusions: Liver cancer is a common cancer in China, particularly for males and residents in rural areas. Targeted prevention, early detection, and treatment programs should be carried out.

Liver cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2009

Liver cancer is a common cancer and a leading cause of cancer deaths in China. To aid the government in establishing a control plan for this disease, we provided real-time surveillance information by analyzing liver cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2009 reported by the National Central Cancer Registry. Liver cancer incidence and cases of death were retrieved from the national database using the ICD-10 topography code "C22". Crude incidence and mortality were calculated and stratified by sex, age, and location (urban/rural). China's population in 1982 and Segi (world) population structures were used for age-standardized rates. In cancer registration areas in 2009, the crude incidence of liver cancer was 28.71/100,000, making it the fourth most common cancer in China, third most common in males, and fifth most common in females. The crude mortality of liver cancer was 26.04/100,000, making it the second leading cause of cancer death in China and urban areas and the third leading cause in rural areas. Incidence and mortality were higher in males than in females and were higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The age-specific incidence and mortality were relatively low among age groups under 30 years but dramatically increased and peaked in the 80 -84 years old group. These findings confirm that liver cancer is a common and fatal cancer in China. Primary and secondary prevention such as health education, hepatitis B virus vaccination, and early detection should be carried out both in males and females, in urban and rural areas.

Report of Incidence and Mortality in China Cancer Registries,2008

Objective： Annual cancer incidence and mortality in 2008 were provided by National Central Cancer Registry in China, which data were collected from population‐based cancer registries in 2011. Methods： There were 56 registries submitted their data in 2008. After checking and evaluating the data quality, total 41 registries＇ data were accepted and pooled for analysis. Incidence and mortality rates by area （urban or rural areas） were assessed, as well as the age‐ and sex‐specific rates, age‐standardized rates, proportions and cumulative rate. Results： The coverage population of the 41 registries was 66,138,784 with 52,158,495 in urban areas and 13,980,289 in rural areas. There were 197,833 new cancer cases and 122,136 deaths in cancer with mortality to incidence ratio of 0.62. The morphological verified rate was 69.33%, and 2.23% of cases were identified by death certificate only. The crude cancer incidence rate in all areas was 299.12/100,000 （330.16/100,000 in male and 267.56/100,000 in female） and the age‐standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population （ASIRC） and world standard population （ASIRW） were 148.75/100,000 and 194.99/100,000, respectively. The cumulative incidence rate （0-74 years old） was of 22.27%. The crude incidence rate in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas. However, after adjusted by age, the incidence rate in urban was lower than that in rural. The crude cancer mortality was 184.67/100,000 （228.14/100,000 in male and 140.48/100,000 in female）, and the age‐standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population （ASMRC） and by world population were 84.36/100,000 and 114.32/100,000, respectively. The cumulative mortality rate （0-74 years old） was of 12.89%. Age‐adjusted mortality rates in urban areas were lower than that in rural areas. The most common cancer sites were lung, stomach, colon‐rectum, liver, esophagus, pancreas, brain, lymphoma, breast and cervix which accounted for 75% of all cancer incidence. Lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer death, followed by gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer and pancreas cancer, which accounted for 80% of all cancer deaths. The cancer spectrum varied by areas and sex in rural areas, cancers from digestive system were more common, such as esophageal cancer, gastric cancer and liver cancer, while incidence rates of lung cancer and colorectal cancer were much higher in urban areas. In addition, breast cancer was the most common cancer in urban women followed by liver cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. Conclusion： Lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer and female breast cancer contributed to the increased incidence of cancer, which should be paid more attention to in further national cancer prevention and control program. Different cancer control strategies should be carried out due to the varied cancer spectrum in different groups.

2013年中国鼻咽癌发病和死亡分析

背景与目的 2014年我们根据中国145个国内居民肿瘤登记处的数据估算了2010年中国鼻咽癌(nasopharyngeal carcinoma,NPC)的发病和死亡概况。为了更加深入地了解中国NPC的流行病学特点,为中国NPC的预防和控制提供更精确的信息,我们分析了全国255个肿瘤登记处的肿瘤数据,再次估算2013年中国NPC的发病和死亡情况。方法:收集和整理被《2016中国肿瘤登记年报》纳入的2013年全国255个肿瘤登记处的NPC发病和死亡数据,计算和分析NPC的新发病例和死亡人数、粗发病率、人口标准化率、截缩率等指标。中国NPC的发病率和死亡率及其地区构成情况根据2013年全国人口普查的人口结构来估算。结果据估算,2013年中国NPC新发病例约42,100例、死亡病例约21,320例,分别占当年所有肿瘤新发病例的1.14%和所有肿瘤相关死亡的0.96%。NPC的粗发病率和死亡率分别为3.09/100,000和1.57/100,000。NPC发病和死亡的世界人口标化率分别为2.17/100,000和1.08/100,000。男性NPC的发病率和死亡率明显高于女性、城市略高于农村。在中国7个行政管理区中,华南地区NPC的发病率和死亡率高于其他地区,华北地区最低。NPC的发病率和死亡率位列前三位的省份和肿瘤登记处均位于华南地区。年龄别发病率和死亡率分别在25–29岁和35–39岁组迅速上升,高峰出现在不同年龄组且因地区而异。结论本研究结果表明,2013年中国NPC的发病率和死亡率仍处于世界较高水平,应加强对NPC的控制和预防。