Background:The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer(EOCRC)has increased globally since the early 1990s.Comprehensively examining the risk factors would be helpful for risk stratification and the development of p...Background:The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer(EOCRC)has increased globally since the early 1990s.Comprehensively examining the risk factors would be helpful for risk stratification and the development of per-sonalized colorectal cancer screening strategies.Methods:We performed a prospective study of the Chinese population aged 30-50 years to identify potential risk factors during a median follow-up of 9.1 years.We compared the distribution of demographic characteris-tics,lifestyle factors,dietary habits,and medical history among 222 EOCRC cases and 87,833 normal controls.Multivariate adjusted Cox hazard models were used for estimating EOCRC risks of each risk factor.Results:Our final analyses indicated that participants with a higher body mass index(HR,1.04;95%CI:1.00,1.08),regular alcohol consumption(HR,1.69;95%CI:1.12,2.91),higher intake of fish(HR,1.64;95%CI:1.01,2.67),hypertension(HR,1.99;95%CI:1.04,3.81),diabetes(HR,2.20;95%CI:1.08,4.49),and first-degree relatives with cancer(HR,1.70;95%CI:1.23,2.36)were at higher risk of EOCRC.Conclusion:We identified several modifiable as well as nonmodifiable risk factors,such as higher BMI,alcohol and fish consumption,hypertension,and diabetes,were associated with EOCRC.展开更多
Nitrogen removal performance and nitrifyingpopulation dynamics were investigated in a redox stratifiedmembrane biofilm reactor(RSMBR)under oxygen limitedcondition to treat ammonium-rich wastewater.When theNH_(4)^(+)-N...Nitrogen removal performance and nitrifyingpopulation dynamics were investigated in a redox stratifiedmembrane biofilm reactor(RSMBR)under oxygen limitedcondition to treat ammonium-rich wastewater.When theNH_(4)^(+)-N loading rate increased from 11.1±1.0 to 37:2±3:2 gNH_(4)^(+)-N·m^(-2)·d^(-1),the nitrogen removal inthe RSMBR system increased from 18.0±9.6 mgN·d^(-1)to 128.9±61.7 mgN·d^(-1).Shortcut nitrogen removal wasachieved with nitrite accumulation of about22:3±5:3 mgNO_(2)^(-)-N·L-1.Confocal micrographsshowed the stratified distributions of nitrifiers anddenitrifiers in the membrane aerated biofilms(MABs)atday 120,i.e.,ammonia and nitrite oxidizing bacteria(AOBand NOB)were dominant in the region adjacent to themembrane,while heterotrophic bacteria propagated at thetop of the biofilm.Real-time qPCR results showed that theabundance of amoA gene was two orders of magnitudehigher than the abundance of nxrA gene in the MABs.However,the nxrA gene was always detected during theoperation time,which indicates the difficulty of completewashout of NOB in MABs.The growth of heterotrophicbacteria compromised the dominance of nitrifiers inbiofilm communities,but it enhanced the denitrificationperformance of the RSMBR system.Applying a highammonia loading together with oxygen limitation wasfound to be an effective way to start nitrite accumulation inMABs,but other approaches were needed to sustain orimprove the extent of nitritation in nitrogen conversion inMABs.展开更多
基金the CKB study staffs for kindly help to our project(DAR-2020-00106)supported by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(grant number:2020A1515110056)Guangzhou Municipal Science&Technology Planning(grant number:202102010172).
文摘Background:The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer(EOCRC)has increased globally since the early 1990s.Comprehensively examining the risk factors would be helpful for risk stratification and the development of per-sonalized colorectal cancer screening strategies.Methods:We performed a prospective study of the Chinese population aged 30-50 years to identify potential risk factors during a median follow-up of 9.1 years.We compared the distribution of demographic characteris-tics,lifestyle factors,dietary habits,and medical history among 222 EOCRC cases and 87,833 normal controls.Multivariate adjusted Cox hazard models were used for estimating EOCRC risks of each risk factor.Results:Our final analyses indicated that participants with a higher body mass index(HR,1.04;95%CI:1.00,1.08),regular alcohol consumption(HR,1.69;95%CI:1.12,2.91),higher intake of fish(HR,1.64;95%CI:1.01,2.67),hypertension(HR,1.99;95%CI:1.04,3.81),diabetes(HR,2.20;95%CI:1.08,4.49),and first-degree relatives with cancer(HR,1.70;95%CI:1.23,2.36)were at higher risk of EOCRC.Conclusion:We identified several modifiable as well as nonmodifiable risk factors,such as higher BMI,alcohol and fish consumption,hypertension,and diabetes,were associated with EOCRC.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50908164)the 7th European Community Framework Program(PIIF-GA-2008-220665)。
文摘Nitrogen removal performance and nitrifyingpopulation dynamics were investigated in a redox stratifiedmembrane biofilm reactor(RSMBR)under oxygen limitedcondition to treat ammonium-rich wastewater.When theNH_(4)^(+)-N loading rate increased from 11.1±1.0 to 37:2±3:2 gNH_(4)^(+)-N·m^(-2)·d^(-1),the nitrogen removal inthe RSMBR system increased from 18.0±9.6 mgN·d^(-1)to 128.9±61.7 mgN·d^(-1).Shortcut nitrogen removal wasachieved with nitrite accumulation of about22:3±5:3 mgNO_(2)^(-)-N·L-1.Confocal micrographsshowed the stratified distributions of nitrifiers anddenitrifiers in the membrane aerated biofilms(MABs)atday 120,i.e.,ammonia and nitrite oxidizing bacteria(AOBand NOB)were dominant in the region adjacent to themembrane,while heterotrophic bacteria propagated at thetop of the biofilm.Real-time qPCR results showed that theabundance of amoA gene was two orders of magnitudehigher than the abundance of nxrA gene in the MABs.However,the nxrA gene was always detected during theoperation time,which indicates the difficulty of completewashout of NOB in MABs.The growth of heterotrophicbacteria compromised the dominance of nitrifiers inbiofilm communities,but it enhanced the denitrificationperformance of the RSMBR system.Applying a highammonia loading together with oxygen limitation wasfound to be an effective way to start nitrite accumulation inMABs,but other approaches were needed to sustain orimprove the extent of nitritation in nitrogen conversion inMABs.
