Efficient activation of the Co/SBA-15catalyst by high-frequency AC-DBD plasma thermal effects for toluene removal

Dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)plasma excited by a high-frequency alternating-current(AC)power supply is widely employed for the degradation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs).However,the thermal effect generated during the discharge process leads to energy waste and low energy utilization efficiency.In this work,an innovative DBD thermally-conducted catalysis(DBD-TCC)system,integrating high-frequency AC-DBD plasma and its generated thermal effects to activate the Co/SBA-15 catalyst,was employed for toluene removal.Specifically,Co/SBA-15 catalysts are closely positioned to the ground electrode of the plasma zone and can be heated and activated by the thermal effect when the voltage exceeds 10 k V.At12.4 k V,the temperature in the catalyst zone reached 261℃ in the DBD-TCC system,resulting in an increase in toluene degradation efficiency of 17%,CO_(2)selectivity of 21.2%,and energy efficiency of 27%,respectively,compared to the DBD system alone.In contrast,the DBD thermally-unconducted catalysis(DBD-TUC)system fails to enhance toluene degradation due to insufficient heat absorption and catalytic activation,highlighting the crucial role of AC-DBD generated heat in the activation of the catalyst.Furthermore,the degradation pathway and mechanism of toluene in the DBD-TCC system were hypothesized.This work is expected to provide an energy-efficient approach for high-frequency AC-DBD plasma removal of VOCs.

Fast and flexible stack‐based inverse tone mapping

Inverse tone mapping technique is widely used to restore the lost textures from a single low dynamic range image.Recently,many stack‐based deep inverse tone mapping networks have achieved impressive results by estimating a set of multi‐exposure images from a single low dynamic range input.However,there are still some limitations.On the one hand,these methods usually set a fixed length for the estimated multi‐exposure stack,which may introduce computational redundancy or cause inaccurate results.On the other hand,they neglect that the difficulties of estimating each exposure value are different and use the identical model to increase or decrease exposure value.To solve these problems,the authors design an exposure decision network to adaptively determine the number of times the exposure of low dynamic range input should be increased or decreased.Meanwhile,the authors decouple the increasing/decreasing process into two sub‐modules,exposure adjustment and optional detail recovery,based on the characteristics of different variations of exposure values.With these improvements,this method can fast and flexibly estimate the multi‐exposure stack from a single low dynamic range image.Experiments on several datasets demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method compared to state‐of‐the‐art inverse tone mapping methods.

Frame interpolation with pixel-level motion vector field and mesh based hole filling

Most of the traditional methods are based on block motion compensation tending to involve heavy blocking artifacts in the interpolated frames. In this paper, a new frame interpolation method with pixel-level motion vector field （MVF） is proposed. Our method consists of the following four steps： （i） applying the pixel-level motion vectors （MVs） estimated by optical flow algorithm to eliminate blocking artifacts （ii） motion post-processing and super-sampling anti-aliasing to solve the problems caused by pixel-level MVs （iii） robust warping method to address collisions and holes caused by occlusions （iv） a new holes filling method using triangular mesh （HFTM） to reduce the artifacts caused by holes. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively alleviate the holes and blocking artifacts in interpolated frames, and outperforms existing methods both in terms of objective and subjective performances, especially for sequences with complex motions.

The influence of defects in a plasma photonic crystal on the characteristics of microwave transmittance

Plasma photonic crystals(PPCs) have been a hot research topic in the band gap(BG) material field in recent years due to their unique advantages, such as the feasibility of changing the parameters and hence the properties of the materials with respect to traditional photonic crystals(PCs). In this paper,we focus mainly on the effects of some types of defects introduced in PPCs on the changes in BG characteristics of microwave(MW) transmittance. The research is carried out using numerical simulation with a one-dimensional finite-difference time-domain(FDTD) method, and six types of defects, including a lattice-constant defect, radii-ratio defect, additional-column defect, column-width defect, plasma-frequency defect, and electron-collision-frequency defect, are concerned. It transpires that introducing a defect in a PPC in different manners may realize the symmetric change, alternative change, shifting, generating, transforming, disappearing, and attenuating of BGs in transmittance spectra, which has great potential for the manufacture of spatiotemporal-controllable MW materials and devices with more feasible modulating functions.

Stable stitching method for stereoscopic panoramic video

This paper proposes a stable method of generating a stereoscopic panoramic video with the omnidirectional stereo （ODS） format. Different from the traditional image stitching method which can only be applied to generate a monocular panorama, we adopt an optical flow-based blending method to create two panoramas for binocular vision. In addition, traditional image stitching methods based on seam-finding tend to cause the problem of temporal flicker. We address this problem by restricting the optical flow field of the new frame with its previous frame＇s optical flow field. Thus, the generated video is stable and out of temporal flicker. There are four key operations in our approach. First, we adopt the ODS format which is the basis of stereoscopic panorama. Second, we do effective exposure compensation, making the brightness of the two eyes＇ panoramas consistent. Third, we employ an optical flow-based blending method to synthesis the final panorama effectively. Fourth, we take the previous frame＇s optical flow field as the restriction of the present frame＇s optical flow field to acquire a stable video. The final output videos can deliver a pleasant and impressive stereoscopic viewing experience to the audience when the audience watches the videos in the virtual reality headset.

Study on electrostatic discharge(ESD)characteristics of ultra-thin dielectric film

Electrostatic discharge(ESD)event usually destroys the electrical properties of dielectric films,resulting in product failure.In this work,the breakdown characteristic of machine mode(MM)ESD on three different nano size films of head gimble assemble are obtained experimentally.The breakdown voltage and thickness parameters show a positive proportional relationship,but they are generally very low and have large discrete characteristics(~30%).The maximum and minimum breakdown voltages of the tested samples are 1.08 V and 0.46 V,which are far lower than the requirement of the current standard(25 V).In addition,the judgment criterion of product damage is given,and the relationship between discharge voltage polarity,initial resistance and breakdown voltage is studied.Finally,the theoretical analysis of the breakdown characteristic law has been given.

Experimental and numerical study on atmospheric-pressure air dielectric barrier discharge via 50 Hz/5000 Hz dual-frequency excitation

A dual-frequency(DF)dielectric barrier discharge,excited by the superposition of a 50 Hz low frequency(LF)and a 5000 Hz intermediate frequency(IF),is proposed to enhance discharge.The effect of the LF voltage component on the breakdown behaviour of the DF discharge during different periods has been studied both experimentally and numerically.The number of high-current pulses rises as the LF voltage increases.The statistical analysis shows that the number of the current pulse amplitude above 80 mA in the DF discharge reaches nearly 6 times that in the IF discharge.Additionally,the total discharge energy in the DF discharge is significantly higher than that in the IF discharge.The simulation re-produces the temporal variation of the breakdown behaviours in the DF discharge.The simulated results reveal that the maximal electric field strength of the breakdown process is greater in the DF discharge compared to the IF discharge during a half-period of DF.Finally,the comparison between the IF and DF discharges exhibits that the LF voltage regulates the accumulation of residual charged species on the dielectric surface after the breakdown by modulating the residual voltage between the air gap.