To date,EV71 infection still poses a great challenge to the health of infants and young children.1 Much established evidence suggests that EV71 infection depends on a wide variety of host factors,including cell surfac...To date,EV71 infection still poses a great challenge to the health of infants and young children.1 Much established evidence suggests that EV71 infection depends on a wide variety of host factors,including cell surface receptors for EV71 entry,innate immune response,miRNAs,and lncRNAs.2,3 It is thought that diverse signaling pathways are required for EV71 to escape the host immune response.4 Innate immunity serves as the first line of defense against pathogens.Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor(TRAF)proteins are essential components of signaling pathways activated by Toll-like receptor(TLR)or RIG-I-like receptor(RLR)family members.TRAF3 is widely expressed by many cell types,including all nucleated immune cells,in which it plays many roles in the regulation of immune functions.5 TRAF3 plays a significant role in regulating the functions of B and T lymphocytes.TRAF3 is a highly versatile regulator that positively controls type I interferon and cytokine production through interferon regulatory factors(IRFs)and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB).6 A recent study indicated that EV71-induced ubiquitin-specific protease 19(USP19)negatively regulates type I IFN signaling by targeting TRAF3.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81172740 and No.81573205 to G.C.D.)Project founded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M662543 to Y.F.J.)High-level Talent Start-up Funding of Zhengzhou University(No.141-32340042 to W.G.Z.).
文摘To date,EV71 infection still poses a great challenge to the health of infants and young children.1 Much established evidence suggests that EV71 infection depends on a wide variety of host factors,including cell surface receptors for EV71 entry,innate immune response,miRNAs,and lncRNAs.2,3 It is thought that diverse signaling pathways are required for EV71 to escape the host immune response.4 Innate immunity serves as the first line of defense against pathogens.Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor(TRAF)proteins are essential components of signaling pathways activated by Toll-like receptor(TLR)or RIG-I-like receptor(RLR)family members.TRAF3 is widely expressed by many cell types,including all nucleated immune cells,in which it plays many roles in the regulation of immune functions.5 TRAF3 plays a significant role in regulating the functions of B and T lymphocytes.TRAF3 is a highly versatile regulator that positively controls type I interferon and cytokine production through interferon regulatory factors(IRFs)and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB).6 A recent study indicated that EV71-induced ubiquitin-specific protease 19(USP19)negatively regulates type I IFN signaling by targeting TRAF3.
