Lipid rafts participate in aberrant degradative autophagic-lysosomal pathway of amyloid-beta peptide in Alzheimer's disease

Amyloid-beta peptide is the main component of amyloid plaques,which are found in Alzheimer’s disease.The generation and deposition of amyloid-beta is one of the crucial factors for the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease.Lipid rafts are glycolipid-rich liquid domains of the plasma membrane,where certain types of protein tend to aggregate and intercalate.Lipid rafts are involved in the generation of amyloid-beta oligomers and the formation of amyloid-beta peptides.In this paper,we review the mechanism by which lipid rafts disturb the aberrant degradative autophagic-lysosomal pathway of amyloid-beta,which plays an important role in the pathological process of Alzheimer’s disease.Moreover,we describe this mechanism from the view of the Two-system Theory of fasciology and thus,suggest that lipid rafts may be a new target of Alzheimer’s disease treatment.

In situ staining of the primo vascular system in the ventricles and subarachnoid space of the brain by trypan blue injection into the lateral ventricle

We examined a new method for visualization of the primo vascular system in the rat brain involving lateral ventricle injection of trypan blue.Results showed that the primo vascular system in the lateral ventricles and arachnoid mater of the brain were preferentially stained relative to blood vessels and fascia.The primo-vessels along blood vessels in the brain were clearly exhibited.In addition,the primo vascular system was evident between the fourth ventricle and the quadrigeminal cistern.Our experimental findings indicate that this new technique of lateral ventricle injection of trypan blue can visualize the primo vascular system in lateral ventricles and arachnoid mater of rats in situ.

Transplanted adipose-derived stem cells delay D-galactose-induced aging in rats

To investigate the effects of allogeneically transplanted, adipose-derived stem cells in aging rats, in the present study, we established a rat model of subacute aging using continuous subcutaneous injections of D-galactose. Two weeks after the adipose-derived stem cells transplantations, serum superoxide dismutase activity was significantly increased, malondialdehyde content was significantly reduced, hippocampal neuronal degeneration was ameliorated, the apoptotic index of hippocampal neurons was decreased, and learning and memory function was significantly improved in the aging rats. These results indicate that allogeneic transplantation of adipose-derived stem cells may effectively delay D-galactose-induced aging.

Mechanical sensor PDLIM5 promotes the osteogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells through microfilament alterations

Bone regeneration is a multifaceted,abstract,and wellcoordinated physiological progression of bone formation that participates in continuous regeneration and remodeling throughout life.However,when it comes to complex clinical situations requiring extensive bone regeneration,such as massive bone defects caused by injuries,infection,or tumor removal,traditional methods do not often yield good treatment strategies or protocols due to their limitations.