Identification of cell surface markers for acute myeloid leukemia prognosis based on multi-model analysis

Given the extremely high inter-patient heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukemia(AML),the identification of biomarkers for prognostic assessment and therapeutic guidance is critical.Cell surface markers(CSMs)have been shown to play an important role in AML leukemogenesis and progression.In the current study,we evaluated the prognostic potential of all human CSMs in 130 AML patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)based on differential gene expression analysis and univariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.By using multi-model analysis,including Adaptive LASSO regression,LASSO regression,and Elastic Net,we constructed a 9-CSMs prognostic model for risk stratification of the AML patients.The predictive value of the 9-CSMs risk score was further validated at the transcriptome and proteome levels.Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor for the AML patients.The AML patients with high 9-CSMs risk scores had a shorter overall and event-free survival time than those with low scores.Notably,single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis indicated that patients with high 9-CSMs risk scores exhibited chemotherapy resistance.Furthermore,PI3K inhibitors were identified as potential treatments for these high-risk patients.In conclusion,we constructed a 9-CSMs prognostic model that served as an independent prognostic factor for the survival of AML patients and held the potential for guiding drug therapy.

异噻唑啉酮类防腐剂标准现状及检测技术研究进展

异噻唑啉酮类防腐剂因其广谱高效和环境友好等特点,在化妆品、玩具、涂料等领域广泛应用。国内外关于异噻唑啉酮类防腐剂引起的过敏反应或接触性皮炎,甚至皮肤灼伤的报道越来越多,引发社会高度关注。关注异噻唑啉酮类防腐剂相关法规标准,选择准确高效的分析方法,对其进行安全性风险评估具有重要意义。本文总结了欧盟和中国对异噻唑啉酮类防腐剂的限量要求,以及国内目前的检测标准现状。简要概述了加速溶剂萃取法、固相萃取法、QuEchERS等前处理技术,重点综述了气相色谱法、气相色谱-质谱法、液相色谱法和液相色谱-串联质谱法等检测分析技术在异噻唑啉酮类防腐剂中的应用。最后对该类防腐剂检测方法研究的发展方向进行了展望,以期为相关研究人员和完善相关标准体系提供参考。

Evolution-driven crosstalk between glioblastoma and the tumor microenvironment

Glioblastoma(GBM)is a malignant adult brain tumor for which 90%of patients experience recurrence within a year after surgery1.Evolution confers treatment resistance capabilities on tumors2.The diversification of malignant and non-malignant(i.e.,stromal and immune cell)compartments in the tumor microenvironment(TME)during tumor evolution3-7 eventually results in the formation of a complex interaction network that promotes tumor progression.

DNA methylation controlling abscisic acid catabolism responds to light to mediate strawberry fruit ripening

Phytohormones,epigenetic regulation and environmental factors regulate fruit ripening but their interplay during strawberry fruit ripening remains to be determined.In this study,bagged strawberry fruit exhibited delayed ripening compared with fruit grown in normal light,correlating with reduced abscisic acid(ABA) accumulation.Transcription of the key ABA catabolism gene,ABA 8′-hydroxylase FaCYP707A4,was induced in bagged fruit.With light exclusion whole genome DNA methylation levels were up-regulated,corresponding to a delayed ripening process,while DNA methylation levels in the promoter of FaCYP707A4 were suppressed,correlating with increases in transcript and decreased ABA content.Experiments indicated FaCRY1,a blue light receptor repressed in bagged fruit and FaAGO4,a key protein involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation,could bind to the promoter of FaCYP707A4.The interaction between FaCRY1 and FaAGO4,and an increased enrichment of FaAGO4 directed to the FaCYP707A4 promoter in fruit grown under light suggests FaCRY1 may influence FaAGO4 to modulate the DNA methylation status of the FaCYP707A4 promoter.Furthermore,transient overexpression of FaCRY1,or an increase in FaCRY1 transcription by blue light treatment,increases the methylation level of the FaCYP707A4 promoter,while transient RNA interference of FaCRY1 displayed opposite phenotypes.These findings reveal a mechanism by which DNA methylation influences ABA catabolism,and participates in light-mediated strawberry ripening.

CTRR-ncRNA:A Knowledgebase for Cancer Therapy Resistance and Recurrence Associated Non-coding RNAs

Cancer therapy resistance and recurrence(CTRR)are the dominant causes of death in cancer patients.Recent studies have indicated that non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)can not only reverse the resistance to cancer therapy but also are crucial biomarkers for the evaluation and prediction of CTRR.Herein,we developed CTRR-ncRNA,a knowledgebase of CTRR-associated ncRNAs,aiming to provide an accurate and comprehensive resource for research involving the association between CTRR and ncRNAs.Compared to most of the existing cancer databases,CTRRncRNA is focused on the clinical characterization of cancers,including cancer subtypes,as well as survival outcomes and responses to personalized therapy of cancer patients.Information pertaining to biomarker ncRNAs has also been documented for the development of personalized CTRR prediction.A user-friendly interface and several functional modules have been incorporated into the database.Based on the preliminary analysis of genotype-phenotype relationships,universal ncRNAs have been found to be potential biomarkers for CTRR.The CTRR-ncRNA is a translation-oriented knowledgebase and it provides a valuable resource for mechanistic investigations and explainable artificial intelligence-based modeling.

Particle number size distributions and formation and growth rates of different new particle formation types of a megacity in China

To understand the contribution of new particle formation(NPF)events to ambient fine particle pollution,measurements of particle size distributions,trace gases and meteorological conditions,were conducted at a suburban site(NJU)from October to December 2016 and at an industrial site(NUIST)from September to November 2015 in Nanjing.According to the temporal evolution of the particle size distributions,three types NPF events were observed:typical NPF(Type A),moderate NPF events(Type B)and strong NPF(Type C)events.The favorable conditions for Type A events included low relative humidity,low concentration of pre-existing particles,and high solar radiation.The favorable conditions of Type B events were similar to Type A,except for a higher concentration of pre-existing particles.Type C events were more likely to happen with the higher relative humidity,lower solar radiation and continuous growth of pre-existing particle concentration.The formation rate of 3 nm(J3)was the lowest for Type A events and highest for Type C events.In contrast,the growth rates of 10 nm and 40 nm particles were the highest for Type A,and lowest for Type C.Results show that NPF events with only higher J3 would lead to the accumulation of nucleation mode particles.Sulfuric acid was important for the formation of particles but had little effect on the growth of particle size.

Characteristics of volatile organic compounds,NO_2,and effects on ozone formation at a site with high ozone level in Chengdu

Chengdu is a megacity in the southwest of China with high ozone(O_3) mixing ratio.Observation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs), NO_2 and O_3 with high temporal resolution was conducted in Chengdu to investigate the chemical processes and causes of high O_3 levels. The hourly mixing ratios of VOCs, NO2, and O_3 were monitored by an online system from 28 August to 7 October, 2016. According to meteorological conditions,Chengdu, with relative warm weather and low wind speed, is favorable to O_3 formation.Part of the O_3 in Chengdu may be transported from the downtown area. In O_3 episodes,the average mixing ratios of NO_2 and O_3 were 20.20 ppbv and 47.95 ppbv, respectively. In non-O_3 episodes, the average mixing ratios of NO_2 and O_3 were 16.38 ppbv and 35.15 ppbv,respectively. The average mixing ratio of total VOCs(TVOCs) was 40.29 ppbv in non-O_3 episodes, which was lower than that in O_3 episodes(53.19 ppbv). Alkenes comprised51.7% of the total O_3 formation potential(OFP) in Chengdu, followed by aromatics which accounted for 24.2%. Ethylene, trans-pentene, propene, and BTEX(benzene, ethylbenzene,toluene, m/p-xylene, o-xylene) were also major contributors to the OFP in Chengdu. In O_3 episodes, intensive secondary formations were observed during the campaign. Oxygenated VOCs(OVOCs), such as acetone, Methylethylketone(MEK), and Methylvinylketone(MVK)were abundant. Isoprene rapidly converted to MVK and Methacrolein(MACR) during O_3 episodes. Acetone was mainly the oxidant of C3-C5 hydrocarbons.