Aqueous film-forming foams(AFFFs)are the primary source of toxic perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in wastewater.Thus,it is urgent to develop a facile and fast method for identifying fluorosurfactants...Aqueous film-forming foams(AFFFs)are the primary source of toxic perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in wastewater.Thus,it is urgent to develop a facile and fast method for identifying fluorosurfactants in commercially available AFFFs.In this work,fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance(^(19)F NMR)spectroscopy was optimized to measure AFFFs directly with the extra addition of 5%D_(2)O as the locking reagent,and high-quality spectra could be acquired within 4 min(0.1%fluorosurfactant content).Recovery experiments demonstrated that the use of different AFFFs had no marked influence on the quantitative analysis of fluorosurfactants.Such method works with low-field NMR spectroscopy(1.4 T)as well.Two-dimensional(2D)^(19)F COSY NMR was used to make signal assignments for different fluorosurfactant derivatives.The optimized ^(19)F NMR could quantify the commercially available fluorosurfactants in different AFFFs,identify them being in either the perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)or fluorotelomer sulfonic acid(FTS)categories,and distinguish the head-group of PFOS and FTS derivatives,which exhibits great potentials in the developments of relevant commercial detections.展开更多
An ultrathin,planar,broadband metalens composed of metal rectangular split-ring resonators(MRSRRs) has been designed,which shows dual-polarity characteristics for different types of circularly polarized(CP) light inci...An ultrathin,planar,broadband metalens composed of metal rectangular split-ring resonators(MRSRRs) has been designed,which shows dual-polarity characteristics for different types of circularly polarized(CP) light incidence.The designed metalens can be considered as the focusing lens and the diverging lens under left-handed CP and right-handed CP light incidence,respectively.The phase discontinuity of the cross-polarized transmission light is produced by optical-axis rotation through modulating two arms’ lengths of the MRSRR.The MRSRR metalens possesses a wavelength-controllable focal length and a relatively larger chromatic aberration compared with the conventional lenses.And the focal length changes from 9 to 7 μm with incident wavelength from 740 to 950 nm.The dual-polarity flat metalens opens a door for new applications of phase discontinuity devices,and it will promote the fabricating capability of on-chip or fiber-embedded optical devices.展开更多
Dear Editor,Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a common cancer in China and worldwide[1-2].Immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)has been proven effective for DNA mismatch repairdeficient(dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high(MSIH)CRC...Dear Editor,Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a common cancer in China and worldwide[1-2].Immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)has been proven effective for DNA mismatch repairdeficient(dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high(MSIH)CRC[3-10]but not for mismatch repair-proficient(pMMR)/microsatellite stable(MSS)CRC in clinical trials[3].No published data on the real-world application of ICB in CRC exist,and thus,whether the response to ICB in unselected patients is similar to that in patients from published trials remains unclear.展开更多
In this paper, an ultrathin metalens has been proposed based on a holographic metasurface that consists of elongated apertures in 40 nm gold film, which exhibit intriguing properties such as on-and off-axis focusing a...In this paper, an ultrathin metalens has been proposed based on a holographic metasurface that consists of elongated apertures in 40 nm gold film, which exhibit intriguing properties such as on-and off-axis focusing and also can concentrate light into multiple, discrete spots for circularly polarized incident lights. First, the spatial transmission phase distributions of the designed metalens with arbitrary focusing can be obtained by computergenerated holography. Then, the discrete phase distributions can be continuously encoded by subwavelength nanoapertures with spatially varying orientations in gold film. The simulation results show that our designed metalens can work efficiently for different types of focusing. Finally, our metasurface shows superior broadband characteristics between 670 and 810 nm, and the corresponding focal lengths of the designed lenses also can be efficiently modulated with the incident lights at different wavelengths.展开更多
Bisphenol AF(BPAF),an alternative to bisphenol A,is widely detected in aquatic environments.Owing to health concerns,the toxic effects of BPAF on organisms are drawing attention.The present study aims to evaluate the ...Bisphenol AF(BPAF),an alternative to bisphenol A,is widely detected in aquatic environments.Owing to health concerns,the toxic effects of BPAF on organisms are drawing attention.The present study aims to evaluate the toxicity of BPAF,combining the results of omics techniques and experiment.Employing transcriptome sequencing(RNA-seq),we obtained 391,648,512,and 545 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in 0.1,1,10,and 100 mg/L BPAF-exposed zebrafish larvae,respectively.Gene ontology(GO)analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment revealed the early development,stimulus-response,and MAPK signaling pathway were significantly affected by BPAF.In addition,five hub genes(fgf3,fgf4,map2k1,myca,and casp3b)were highlighted as the key genes in MAPK signaling pathway using the protein-protein interaction network.Therefore,the RNA-seq results showed that early development and stimulus-response were the main processes affected by BPAF,which was consistent with our morphological and pathological results.The hatching rate of zebrafish embryos in 1 and 10 mg/L BPAF groups was significantly inhibited,and the oxidative stress indexes,including the level of total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and lipid peroxidation(LPO),were significantly increased by the 100 mg/L BPAF treatment.Moreover,the activity of alkaline phosphatase(AKP)was significantly decreased in all BPAF exposure groups.In conclusion,exposure to BPAF at environmental relevant concentrations affected the early development and immune system of zebrafish larvae by modulating MAPK signaling pathway,and our results provide solid evidence for the future studies on the toxicity of bisphenols.展开更多
基金financially supported by the“National Key R&D Program of China”(No.2022YFC3004900)“Basic Research Fund of TFRI”(No.2022SJ07)。
文摘Aqueous film-forming foams(AFFFs)are the primary source of toxic perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in wastewater.Thus,it is urgent to develop a facile and fast method for identifying fluorosurfactants in commercially available AFFFs.In this work,fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance(^(19)F NMR)spectroscopy was optimized to measure AFFFs directly with the extra addition of 5%D_(2)O as the locking reagent,and high-quality spectra could be acquired within 4 min(0.1%fluorosurfactant content).Recovery experiments demonstrated that the use of different AFFFs had no marked influence on the quantitative analysis of fluorosurfactants.Such method works with low-field NMR spectroscopy(1.4 T)as well.Two-dimensional(2D)^(19)F COSY NMR was used to make signal assignments for different fluorosurfactant derivatives.The optimized ^(19)F NMR could quantify the commercially available fluorosurfactants in different AFFFs,identify them being in either the perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)or fluorotelomer sulfonic acid(FTS)categories,and distinguish the head-group of PFOS and FTS derivatives,which exhibits great potentials in the developments of relevant commercial detections.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11374077the Foundation of Hefei University of Technology of China (HFUT 407-037026)
文摘An ultrathin,planar,broadband metalens composed of metal rectangular split-ring resonators(MRSRRs) has been designed,which shows dual-polarity characteristics for different types of circularly polarized(CP) light incidence.The designed metalens can be considered as the focusing lens and the diverging lens under left-handed CP and right-handed CP light incidence,respectively.The phase discontinuity of the cross-polarized transmission light is produced by optical-axis rotation through modulating two arms’ lengths of the MRSRR.The MRSRR metalens possesses a wavelength-controllable focal length and a relatively larger chromatic aberration compared with the conventional lenses.And the focal length changes from 9 to 7 μm with incident wavelength from 740 to 950 nm.The dual-polarity flat metalens opens a door for new applications of phase discontinuity devices,and it will promote the fabricating capability of on-chip or fiber-embedded optical devices.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81672987,82073329)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2020A1515011286).
文摘Dear Editor,Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a common cancer in China and worldwide[1-2].Immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)has been proven effective for DNA mismatch repairdeficient(dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high(MSIH)CRC[3-10]but not for mismatch repair-proficient(pMMR)/microsatellite stable(MSS)CRC in clinical trials[3].No published data on the real-world application of ICB in CRC exist,and thus,whether the response to ICB in unselected patients is similar to that in patients from published trials remains unclear.
基金financial supports for this work from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2015HGCH0010)the Foundation of Hefei University of Technology of China (HFUT. 407-037026)
文摘In this paper, an ultrathin metalens has been proposed based on a holographic metasurface that consists of elongated apertures in 40 nm gold film, which exhibit intriguing properties such as on-and off-axis focusing and also can concentrate light into multiple, discrete spots for circularly polarized incident lights. First, the spatial transmission phase distributions of the designed metalens with arbitrary focusing can be obtained by computergenerated holography. Then, the discrete phase distributions can be continuously encoded by subwavelength nanoapertures with spatially varying orientations in gold film. The simulation results show that our designed metalens can work efficiently for different types of focusing. Finally, our metasurface shows superior broadband characteristics between 670 and 810 nm, and the corresponding focal lengths of the designed lenses also can be efficiently modulated with the incident lights at different wavelengths.
基金sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 21707064)National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC0406504)+2 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(Grant Number KQJSCX20180322152024270,JCYJ20180302180205159,KQTD2016022619584022)State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control(No.2017B030301012)the Leading Talents of Guangdong Province Program(Chunmiao Zheng).
文摘Bisphenol AF(BPAF),an alternative to bisphenol A,is widely detected in aquatic environments.Owing to health concerns,the toxic effects of BPAF on organisms are drawing attention.The present study aims to evaluate the toxicity of BPAF,combining the results of omics techniques and experiment.Employing transcriptome sequencing(RNA-seq),we obtained 391,648,512,and 545 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in 0.1,1,10,and 100 mg/L BPAF-exposed zebrafish larvae,respectively.Gene ontology(GO)analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment revealed the early development,stimulus-response,and MAPK signaling pathway were significantly affected by BPAF.In addition,five hub genes(fgf3,fgf4,map2k1,myca,and casp3b)were highlighted as the key genes in MAPK signaling pathway using the protein-protein interaction network.Therefore,the RNA-seq results showed that early development and stimulus-response were the main processes affected by BPAF,which was consistent with our morphological and pathological results.The hatching rate of zebrafish embryos in 1 and 10 mg/L BPAF groups was significantly inhibited,and the oxidative stress indexes,including the level of total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and lipid peroxidation(LPO),were significantly increased by the 100 mg/L BPAF treatment.Moreover,the activity of alkaline phosphatase(AKP)was significantly decreased in all BPAF exposure groups.In conclusion,exposure to BPAF at environmental relevant concentrations affected the early development and immune system of zebrafish larvae by modulating MAPK signaling pathway,and our results provide solid evidence for the future studies on the toxicity of bisphenols.
