The future of intraocular lens calculations:Ladas Super Formula

Cataract surgery is the most performed surgery in ophthalmology and remains as the ultimate refractive surgery.It offers an opportunity to improve a patient’s visual acuity and target a degree of spectacle independence.The process of intraocular lens(IOL)calculations serves as a crucial element in achieving successful post-operative refractive outcomes.A modern-day surgeon has access to several IOL formulas to pick the most appropriate lens to achieve a desired target refraction.These formulas,however,have both advantages and limitations and therefore reach within 0.50 diopters of the target refraction only 70-80%of the time.There is a lack of a single,ideal formula that can simplify complexities of this process and achieve higher degrees of accuracy.The development of the IOL Ladas‘super formula’may provide a simplistic,accurate,and ever-evolving solution to improving outcomes.

Riboflavin-UVA collagen cross-linking for the treatment of acanthamoeba keratitis

In this review,recent studies regarding riboflavin-ultraviolet A(UVA)collagen cross-linking for the treatment of acanthamoeba keratitis(AK)were reviewed.English written studies about acanthamoeba,keratitis,riboflavin and collagen cross-linking were retrieved from PubMed search engine(www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed).Although there were significant numbers of cases reporting the effectiveness of riboflavin-UVA collagen cross-linking in AK,experimental studies(in vivo and in vitro)failed to verify amoebicidal or cysticidal effect of riboflavin-UVA collagen cross-linking.In conclusion,the efficacy of riboflavin-UVA collagen cross-linking for the treatment of AK is still debatable.It is necessary to conduct a prospective case-control study for clear guidance for clinicians.

Association between donor corneal endothelial cell counts and infectious agent reactivity:an eye bank database analysis

Background:To evaluate the association between corneal central endothelial cell count(CECC)with reactivity for hepatitis B virus(HBV),hepatitis C virus(HCV),human immunodeficiency virus(HIV),human T-lymphotropic virus-1(HTLV1),and syphilis from an eye bank database.Methods:Eye bank data included 19,159 donors and 38,318 corneas screened for HBV,HCV,HIV,HTLV1,and syphilis from July 2007-May 2015.Linear and binary mixed effects models were used to determine the adjusted marginal effect a positive viral screening test had on CECC and morphology,respectively.The models were adjusted for age,race,gender,lens status,and death to preservation.Eyes with missing data were excluded from the analysis.Statistical significance was defined as P values<0.05.Results:A total of 18,097 donors and 35,136 corneas were included in the final analysis.Average CECC for eyes with negative viral screening was 2,597±436 while the average CECC for eyes screening positive for syphilis,HBV,HCV,HIV,and HTLV1 were 2,638±392(P=0.073),2,569±419(P=0.815),2,603±363(P=0.207),2,615±360(P=0.733),and 2,625±436(P=0.362)respectively.Conclusions:The presence of HBV,HCV,HIV,HTLV1,and syphilis display no association with a statistically significant difference in CECC when compared to normal non-diseased donors.

An update on corneal and lens-based refractive surgery options

The demand for spectacle independence at all ages continues to grow,as our population ages and life expectancy continues to rise.Younger and older individuals alike expect greater freedom to pursue their active lifestyles.However,as demands for higher levels of visual function increase,ophthalmologists have more technological options for refractive corrections than ever before,making it more important for surgeons to employ the most up to date methods and technology to fulfill patients’ever rising expectations of precise visual outcomes.