Gastric varices(GVs)are notorious to bleed massively and often difficult to manage with conventional techniques.This mini-review addresses endoscopic management principles for gastric variceal bleeding,including limit...Gastric varices(GVs)are notorious to bleed massively and often difficult to manage with conventional techniques.This mini-review addresses endoscopic management principles for gastric variceal bleeding,including limitations of ligation and sclerotherapy and merits of endoscopic variceal obliteration.The article also discusses how emerging use of endoscopic ultrasound provides optimism of better diagnosis,improved classification,innovative management strategies and confirmatory tool for eradication of GVs.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma constitutes over 90% of the primary liver tumors, the rest being cholangiocarcinoma. It has an insidious presentation, which is responsible for the delayed presentation. Hence, the management ...Hepatocellular carcinoma constitutes over 90% of the primary liver tumors, the rest being cholangiocarcinoma. It has an insidious presentation, which is responsible for the delayed presentation. Hence, the management strategy relies on screening to diagnose it an early stage for curative resection and/or treatment with local ablative techniques or chemotherapy. However, even with different screening programs, more than 60% of tumors are still detected at an advanced stage, leading to an unchanged mortality rate, thereby implying a room for improvement in the screening and diagnostic process. In the last few years, there has been evolution of utility of endoscopy, specifically endoscopic ultrasonography along with Fine needle aspiration, for this purpose, which we comprehensively review in this article.展开更多
In the United States,80%-90%of primary hepatic tumors are hepatocellular carcinomas and 10%-15%are cholangiocarcinomas(CCA),both with high mortality rate,particularly CCA,which portends a worse prognosis.Traditional m...In the United States,80%-90%of primary hepatic tumors are hepatocellular carcinomas and 10%-15%are cholangiocarcinomas(CCA),both with high mortality rate,particularly CCA,which portends a worse prognosis.Traditional management with surgery has good outcomes in appropriately selected patients;however,novel ablative treatment options have emerged,such as radiofrequency ablation(RFA),which can improve the prognosis of both hepatic and biliary tumors.RFA is aimed to generate an area of necrosis within the targeted tissue by applying thermal therapy via an electrode,with a goal to completely eradicate the tumor while preserving surrounding healthy tissue.Role of RFA in management of hepatic and biliary tumors forms the focus of our current mini-review article.展开更多
文摘Gastric varices(GVs)are notorious to bleed massively and often difficult to manage with conventional techniques.This mini-review addresses endoscopic management principles for gastric variceal bleeding,including limitations of ligation and sclerotherapy and merits of endoscopic variceal obliteration.The article also discusses how emerging use of endoscopic ultrasound provides optimism of better diagnosis,improved classification,innovative management strategies and confirmatory tool for eradication of GVs.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma constitutes over 90% of the primary liver tumors, the rest being cholangiocarcinoma. It has an insidious presentation, which is responsible for the delayed presentation. Hence, the management strategy relies on screening to diagnose it an early stage for curative resection and/or treatment with local ablative techniques or chemotherapy. However, even with different screening programs, more than 60% of tumors are still detected at an advanced stage, leading to an unchanged mortality rate, thereby implying a room for improvement in the screening and diagnostic process. In the last few years, there has been evolution of utility of endoscopy, specifically endoscopic ultrasonography along with Fine needle aspiration, for this purpose, which we comprehensively review in this article.
文摘In the United States,80%-90%of primary hepatic tumors are hepatocellular carcinomas and 10%-15%are cholangiocarcinomas(CCA),both with high mortality rate,particularly CCA,which portends a worse prognosis.Traditional management with surgery has good outcomes in appropriately selected patients;however,novel ablative treatment options have emerged,such as radiofrequency ablation(RFA),which can improve the prognosis of both hepatic and biliary tumors.RFA is aimed to generate an area of necrosis within the targeted tissue by applying thermal therapy via an electrode,with a goal to completely eradicate the tumor while preserving surrounding healthy tissue.Role of RFA in management of hepatic and biliary tumors forms the focus of our current mini-review article.
