Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt,also known as Abernethy malformation, is a rare congenital malformation. It causes shunting of blood through a communication between the portal and systemic veins such as a ...Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt,also known as Abernethy malformation, is a rare congenital malformation. It causes shunting of blood through a communication between the portal and systemic veins such as a patent ductus venous. We report 3 cases of Abernethy malformation complicated by the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Additionally, we comprehensively reviewed all previously reported cases and highlighted common features that may help in early diagnosis and appropriate management.Patients with Abernethy malformation may have an increased propensity to develop hepatocellular carcinoma. All 5 previously reported cases, plus the three of our patients, have a type 1（complete） shunt suggesting a role for absent portal blood flow in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt should be sought for in cases with raised serum ammonia, hepatic encephalopathy or hepatocellular carcinoma in the absence of cirrhosis.展开更多
The soil pH of tea garden was acidic (4.6 - 5.3) with organic contents ranging between 0.91% - 1.09%. Available po- tassium concentration was predominantly found in the range of 167 - 208 mg/kg followed by the nitroge...The soil pH of tea garden was acidic (4.6 - 5.3) with organic contents ranging between 0.91% - 1.09%. Available po- tassium concentration was predominantly found in the range of 167 - 208 mg/kg followed by the nitrogen (150 - 189 mg/ha) and phosphorus (42 - 169 mg/kg). The Fe content was the one of the predominant heavy metal in soil (5494 - 5627 mg/kg) followed by Mn (245 - 435 mg/kg), Zn (30 - 111 mg/kg) and Cu (22 - 51 mg/kg). The concentration of toxic heavy metals Pb, Ni, and Cd in tea leaves, made tea and its infusions were too low. The level of most abundant essential heavy metals in tea infusion was Zn ranging from 0.09 - 0.52 mg/kg followed by Mn 0.10 - 0.42 mg/kg. The level of Fe and Cu was ranging from 0.068 - 0.073 mg/kg and 0.007 - 0.04 mg/kg in tea infusion respectively. The levels of all es- sential and the toxic metals were thus obtained were compared well with the other parts of the world.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)gas chromatography(GC)provides enhanced vapor separation capabilities in contrast to conventional one-dimensional GC and is useful for the analysis of highly complex chemical samples.We developed a ...Two-dimensional(2D)gas chromatography(GC)provides enhanced vapor separation capabilities in contrast to conventional one-dimensional GC and is useful for the analysis of highly complex chemical samples.We developed a microfabricated flow-restricted pneumatic modulator(FRPM)for portable comprehensive 2D micro-GC(μGC),which enables rapid ^(2)D injection and separation without compromising the ^(1)D separation speed and eluent peak profiles.^(2)D injection characteristics such as injection peak width and peak height were fully characterized by using flow-through micro-photoionization detectors(μPIDs)at the FRPM inlet and outlet.A ^(2)D injection peak width of~25 ms could be achieved with a ^(2)D/^(1)D flow rate ratio over 10.The FRPM was further integrated with a 0.5-m long ^(2)D μcolumn on the same chip,and its performance was characterized.Finally,we developed an automated portable comprehensive 2D μGC consisting of a 10m OV-11D μcolumn,an integrated FRPM with a built-in 0.5m polyethylene glycol ^(2)D μcolumn,and two μPIDs.Rapid separation of 40 volatile organic compounds in~5 min was demonstrated.A hybrid 2D contour plot was constructed by using both ^(1)D and ^(2)D chromatograms obtained with the two μPIDs at the end of the ^(1)D and ^(2)D μcolumns,which was enabled by the presence of the flow resistor in the FRPM.展开更多
文摘Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt,also known as Abernethy malformation, is a rare congenital malformation. It causes shunting of blood through a communication between the portal and systemic veins such as a patent ductus venous. We report 3 cases of Abernethy malformation complicated by the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Additionally, we comprehensively reviewed all previously reported cases and highlighted common features that may help in early diagnosis and appropriate management.Patients with Abernethy malformation may have an increased propensity to develop hepatocellular carcinoma. All 5 previously reported cases, plus the three of our patients, have a type 1（complete） shunt suggesting a role for absent portal blood flow in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt should be sought for in cases with raised serum ammonia, hepatic encephalopathy or hepatocellular carcinoma in the absence of cirrhosis.
文摘The soil pH of tea garden was acidic (4.6 - 5.3) with organic contents ranging between 0.91% - 1.09%. Available po- tassium concentration was predominantly found in the range of 167 - 208 mg/kg followed by the nitrogen (150 - 189 mg/ha) and phosphorus (42 - 169 mg/kg). The Fe content was the one of the predominant heavy metal in soil (5494 - 5627 mg/kg) followed by Mn (245 - 435 mg/kg), Zn (30 - 111 mg/kg) and Cu (22 - 51 mg/kg). The concentration of toxic heavy metals Pb, Ni, and Cd in tea leaves, made tea and its infusions were too low. The level of most abundant essential heavy metals in tea infusion was Zn ranging from 0.09 - 0.52 mg/kg followed by Mn 0.10 - 0.42 mg/kg. The level of Fe and Cu was ranging from 0.068 - 0.073 mg/kg and 0.007 - 0.04 mg/kg in tea infusion respectively. The levels of all es- sential and the toxic metals were thus obtained were compared well with the other parts of the world.
基金The authors acknowledge the support from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH)via R01OH011082-01A1 and the Office of the Directorof National Intelligence(ODNI),Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity(IARPA),via IARPAFA8650-19-C-9101,andt he National Institutes of Health via U18TRo03812.
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)gas chromatography(GC)provides enhanced vapor separation capabilities in contrast to conventional one-dimensional GC and is useful for the analysis of highly complex chemical samples.We developed a microfabricated flow-restricted pneumatic modulator(FRPM)for portable comprehensive 2D micro-GC(μGC),which enables rapid ^(2)D injection and separation without compromising the ^(1)D separation speed and eluent peak profiles.^(2)D injection characteristics such as injection peak width and peak height were fully characterized by using flow-through micro-photoionization detectors(μPIDs)at the FRPM inlet and outlet.A ^(2)D injection peak width of~25 ms could be achieved with a ^(2)D/^(1)D flow rate ratio over 10.The FRPM was further integrated with a 0.5-m long ^(2)D μcolumn on the same chip,and its performance was characterized.Finally,we developed an automated portable comprehensive 2D μGC consisting of a 10m OV-11D μcolumn,an integrated FRPM with a built-in 0.5m polyethylene glycol ^(2)D μcolumn,and two μPIDs.Rapid separation of 40 volatile organic compounds in~5 min was demonstrated.A hybrid 2D contour plot was constructed by using both ^(1)D and ^(2)D chromatograms obtained with the two μPIDs at the end of the ^(1)D and ^(2)D μcolumns,which was enabled by the presence of the flow resistor in the FRPM.
