Impact of Seed Halopriming on Germination,Morphological Traits,and Cry1Ac Gene Expression in Bt Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)

Seed priming is an effective seed pretreatment technology that enhances germination and overall crop performance by optimizing seed hydration and metabolic processes before planting.Seed quality is a critical determinant of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)crop performance,influencing germination,plant vigor,and yield.This study evaluates the effects of seed priming with potassium salts(1%and 2%KCl and K2SO4)on germination,morphological traits,and Cry1Ac gene expression in three Bt cotton cultivars(IUB-2013,NIAB-878B,FH-142)as Cry1Ac enhance the pest resistance in Bt cotton and reduce the plant’s dependence on chemical insecticides.Seeds were primed for six hours,air-dried,and sown in the field.Germination rates,plant height,number of bolls per plant,boll weight,seed cotton yield,and ginning outturn(GOT)were assessed at crop maturity.Cry1Ac gene expression was quantified to explore the influence of priming treatments on transgene activity.Results demonstrated that 1%K2SO4 priming significantly enhanced germination and yield-related traits,with Cry1Ac expression peaking in the IUB-2013 cultivar under 1%K2SO4 treatment.These findings suggest that potassium-based halopriming improves cotton seedling establishment and Bt gene expression.This study addresses the critical gaps in understanding the effects of seed halopriming on morphological traits,germination,and expression of the Cry1Ac gene in Bt cotton while providing a novel eco-friendly and cost-effective halopriming approach,offering the potential to improve cotton production.

Efficacy and safety profiles of dolutegravir plus lamivudine vs.bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in therapy-naïve adults with HIV-1

Background:Dual regimen dolutegravir(DTG)plus lamivudine(3TC)has demonstrated non-inferior efficacy compared to DTG-based three-drug regimens(3DRs),yet directly comparative data regarding the efficacy and safety of DTG+3TC and bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide(B/F/TAF)for therapy-naïve people with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-1(PWH)are still limited.We aimed to assess the antiviral potency and safety profiles of DTG+3TC vs.B/F/TAF based on antiretroviral therapy(ART)-naïve PWH in China.Methods:This retrospective multicenter study enrolled PWH initiating ART with DTG+3TC or B/F/TAF from 2020 to 2022 in Guangdong and Guangxi.We analyzed response rates based on target not detected(TND)status using intention-to-treat(ITT)analysis.Subgroups were formed based on baseline viral load(VL)(<100,000 vs.≥100,000 copies/mL)and CD4^(+)cell count(<200 vs.≥200 cell/µL).Median time to TND VL was assessed by Kaplan-Meier method.We also measured changes from baseline in CD4^(+)cell counts,CD4/CD8 ratio,lipid parameters,weight,creatinine(Cr),estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR),and drug-related adverse effects(DRAEs).Results:We enrolled 280 participants,including 137(48.9%)on DTG+3TC and 143(51.1%)on B/F/TAF.At week 48,96.4%(132/137)on DTG+3TC and 100%(143/143)on B/F/TAF achieved TND(P=0.064).At week 12,TND responses were higher with B/F/TAF(78.3%[112/143])than DTG+3TC(30.7%[42/137])(P<0.001).This trend held across subgroups.B/F/TAF achieved TND faster(12 weeks)than DTG+3TC(24 weeks)(P<0.001).No differences were seen in CD4^(+)cell count and CD4/CD8 ratio,except in the high-VL subgroup,where B/F/TAF showed better recovery.DRAEs were significantly lower with B/F/TAF(4.9%[7/143])than with DTG+3TC(13.1%[18/137])(P=0.016).Lipid parameters,body weight,and Cr increased in both groups over 48 weeks,with DTG+3TC showing a more favorable effect on triglycerides,high-density lipoprotein(HDL)cholesterol,and weight gain.Conclusions:In this real-life study,B/F/TAF led to a faster viral decline and fewer DRAEs compared to DTG+3TC.No significant difference was observed in the TND rate at week 48,regardless of baseline VL and CD4^(+)cell count.CD4^(+)recovery was superior for B/F/TAF in participants with high VL.The DTG+3TC regimen had less impact on metabolic changes than B/F/TAF.