Comparison of total corneal power measurements obtained with different devices after myopic keratorefractive surgery

AIM:To analyze the differences,agreements,and correlation among total corneal power parameters generated by different instruments after myopic keratorefractive surgery.METHODS:The prospective cross-sectional study included patients who underwent myopic keratorefractive surgery and received measurements of corneal power 3mo after surgery.Automated keratometer was used for the measurement of simulated keratometry(Sim K),sweptsource optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)based biometer for total keratometry(TK),anterior segment-OCT for real keratometry(RK),and Scheimpflug keratometer for the true net power(TNP),the total corneal refractive power(TCRP)and equivalent K-readings(EKR).The differences among these parameters were analyzed,and the agreements and correlation between Sim K and other total corneal power parameters were investigated.RESULTS:A total of 70 eyes of 70 patients after myopic keratorefractive surgery were included.The evaluated corneal power parameters were as follows:Sim K 38.32±1.93 D,TK 37.54±2.12 D,RK 36.64±2.09 D,TNP 36.56±1.97 D,TCRP 36.70±2.01 D,and EKR 37.55±2.00 D.Pairwise comparison showed that there were significant differences(P<0.001)among all parameters except for between TK and EKR,RK and TNP,RK and TCRP(P=1.000,1.000,1.000,respectively).The limits of agreement between Sim K and TK,RK,TNP,TCPR,and EKR were 1.08,1.08,1.43,1.48,and 1.73 D,respectively.All parameters showed good correlation with Sim K,and the correlation coefficients were 0.995,0.994,0.983,0.982,and 0.975.CONCLUSION:Among the corneal power parameters after myopic keratorefractive surgery,the value of Sim K is the largest,followed by TK and EKR,with TCRP,RK,and TNP being the smallest.The differences among the parameters may be attributable to the different calculation principles.Correct understanding and evaluation of corneal power parameters can provide a theoretical basis for taking advantage of the total corneal power to improve the accuracy of intraocular lens calculation after keratorefractive surgery.

Microstructures and mechanical properties of Al 2519 matrix composites reinforced with Ti-coated SiC particles

Ti-coated SiCp particles were developed by vacuum evaporation with Ti to improve the interfacial bonding of SiCp/Al composites.Ti-coated SiC particles and uncoated SiC particles reinforced Al 2519 matrix composites were prepared by hot pressing,hot extrusion and heat treatment.The influence of Ti coating on microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).The results show that the densely deposited Ti coating reacts with SiC particles to form TiC and Ti5Si3 phases at the interface.Ti-coated SiC particle reinforced composite exhibits uniformity and compactness compared to the composite reinforced with uncoated SiC particles.The microstructure,relative density and mechanical properties of the composite are significantly improved.When the volume fraction is 15%,the hardness,fracture strain and tensile strength of the SiCp reinforced Al 2519 composite after Ti plating are optimized,which are HB 138.5,4.02%and 455 MPa,respectively.

Extracts from rabbit skin inflamed by the vaccinia virus attenuate bupivacaine-induced spinal neurotoxicity in pregnant rats

Extracts from rabbit skin inflamed by the vaccinia virus can relieve pain and promote repair of nerve injury. The present study intraperitoneally injected extracts from rabbit skin inflamed by the vaccinia virus for 3 and 4 days prior to and following intrathecal injection of bupivacaine into pregnant rats. The pain threshold test after bupivacaine injection showed that the maximum possible effect of tail-flick latency peaked 1 day after intrathecal injection of bupivacaine in the extract-pretreatment group, and gradually decreased, while the maximum possible effect in the bupivacaine group continued to increase after intrathecal injection of bupivacaine. Histological observation showed that after 4 days of intrathecal injection of bupivacaine, the number of shrunken, vacuolated, apoptotic and caspase-9-positive cells in the dorsal root ganglion in the extract-pretreatment group was significantly reduced compared with the bupivacaine group. These findings indicate that extracts from rabbit skin inflamed by the vaccinia virus can attenuate neurotoxicity induced by intrathecal injection of bupivacaine in pregnant rats, possibly by inhibiting caspase-9 protein expression and suppressing nerve cell apoptosis.

Cholecystectomy is associated with higher risk of recurrence after microwave ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma:a propensity score matching analysis

Objective:To explore the association between cholecystectomy and the prognostic outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(H CC)who underwent microwave ablation(MWA).Methods:Patients with HCC(«=921)who underwent MWA were included and divided into cholecystectomy(n=114)and non-cholecystectomy groups(n=807).After propensity score matching(PSM)at a 1:2 ratio,overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS)rates were analyzed to compare prognostic outcomes between the cholecystectomy(«=114)and non-cholecystectomy groups(n=228).Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were performed to assess potential risk factors for OS and DFS.Major complications were also compared between the groups.Results:After matching,no significant differences between groups were observed in baseline characteristics.The 1-,3-,and 5-year OS rates were 96.5%,82.1%,and 67.1%in the cholecystectomy group,and 97.4%,85.2%,and 74.4%in the non-cholecystectomy group(P=0.396);the 1-,3-,and 5-year DFS rates were 58.4%,34.5%,and 26.6%in the cholecystectomy group,and 73.6%,44.7%,and 32.2%in the non-cholecystectomy group(P=0.026),respectively.The intrahepatic distant recurrence rate in the cholecystectomy group was significantly higher than that in the non-cholecystectomy group(P=0.026),and the local tumor recurrence and extrahepatic recurrence rates did not significantly differ between the groups(P=0.609 and P=0.879).Multivariate analysis revealed that cholecystectomy(HR=1.364,95%Cl 1.023-1.819,P=0.035),number of tumors(2 vs.1:HR=2.744,95%Cl 1.925-3.912,P<0.001;3 vs.1:HR=3.411,95%Cl 2.021-5.759,P<0.001),and y-GT levels(HR=1.003,95%Cl 1.000-1.006,P<0.024)were independent risk factors for DFS.The best y-GT level cut-off value for predicting median DFS was 39.6 U/L(area under the curve=0.600,P<0.05).A positive correlation was observed between cholecystectomy and y-GT level(r=0.108,95%Cl-0.001-0.214,P=0.047).Subgroup analysis showed that the DFS rates were significantly higher in the non-cholecystectomy group than the cholecystectomy group when Y-GT>39.6 U/L(i3=0.044).The 5-,10-,15-,20-,and 25-year recurrence rates from the time of cholecystectomy were 2.63%,21.93%,42.11%,58.77%,and 65.79%,respectively.A significant positive correlation was observed between cholecystectomy and the time from cholecystectomy to recurrence(r=0.205,95%Cl 0.016-0.379,P=0.029).There were no significant differences in complications between groups(P=0.685).Conclusions:Patients with HCC who underwent cholecystectomy were more likely to develop intrahepatic distant recurrence after MWA,an outcome probably associated with increased y-GT levels.Moreover,the recurrence rates increased with time.

A New Lupane from the Resin of Boswellia carterii

A new lupane-type triterpene was isolated from the resin of Boswellia carterii Birdw. Based on the spectral methods, its structure was elucidated as lup-20(29)-ene-3a-acetoxy-24-oic acid.

Microwave ablation of colorectal liver metastases adjacent to the cardiophrenic angle:Parallel versus non-parallel placement of the antenna relative to the diaphragm

Purpose:Microwave ablation(MWA)is difficult to perform in colorectal liver metastases(CRLMs)adjacent to the cardiophrenic angle.Therefore,a modified approach involving antenna array placement parallel to the diaphragm was initially attempted.Its safety and efficacy were compared with those involving non-parallel placement.Methods:Sixty-three patients with CRLMs adjacent to the cardiophrenic angle(lesions within 10 mm of the diaphragm)who underwent MWA were included in the study.All patients were further classified into parallel and non-parallel groups according to the method of antenna placement.The distance between the lesion and diaphragmatic surface before MWA,complications,and local tumor progression(LTP)at the last imaging follow-up were recorded.LTPs in the two groups were compared using the log-rank test.Prognostic factors for LTP were assessed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.Results:Thirty and 33 lesions were ablated using parallel and non-parallel antenna placement,respectively.During the mean follow-up duration of 19.7±8.2 months,the LTP rate in the parallel and non-parallel placement groups were 3.3%(1/30)and 24.2%(8/33),respectively.The log-rank test showed that parallel antenna placement was associated with delayed LTP(p=0.018).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that parallel antenna placement was an independent predictor of delayed LTP after adjusting for possible risk factors,including age,sex,tumor size,and KRAS mutation(hazard ratio,0.1;95%confidence interval,0.00,0.80;p=0.034).Conclusion:The placement of the antenna parallel to the diaphragm is an alternative and effective method for MWA of CRLMs near the cardiophrenic angle and can contribute to the reduction of the LTP rate.

Research on the development of resource of zinc leaching residue process and the implementation of the environment friendly system

In this paper, we conduct research on the development trend of Zinc leaching residue and the construction of environment friendly system. To further strengthen concentration degree of the chemical industry, improve the production efficiency and utilization rate of emissions, realize the comprehensive utilization of energy development and the green development. In China＇ s zinc smelting industry, the use of most of the zinc smelting raw materials contain a small amount of the cobalt, zinc in the process of leaching into the zinc sulfate solution, as a harmful effect of the zinc impurities. For zinc sulfate leaching solution cobalt purification, most of the factories are using zinc powder replacement purification method, the output of the purification of zinc slag in the vast majority of zinc with small part of cadmium and a small amount of nickel, cobalt, copper, manganese and so on. This paper proposes the novel systematic method of the Zinc leaching residue re-use that will promote the further development of the green industry.

Clean production of lactic acid by selective carbon-carbon bond cleavage of biomass feedstock over a novel carbon-bismuth oxychloride photocatalyst

The use of functional materials such as carbon-bismuth oxyhalides in integrated photorefineries for the clean production of fine chemicals requires restructuring.A facile biomass-assisted solvothermal fabrication of carbon/bismuth oxychloride nanocomposites(C/BiOCl)was achieved at various temperatures.Compared with BiOCl and C/BiOCl-120,C/BiOCl-180 exhibited higher crystallinity,wider visible light absorption,and a faster migration/separation rate of photoinduced carriers.For the selective C–C bond cleavage of biomass-based feedstocks photocatalyzed by C/BiOCl-180,the xylose conversion and lactic acid yield were 100%and 92.5%,respectively.C/BiOCl-180 efficiently converted different biomass-based monosaccharides to lactic acid,and the efficiency of pentoses was higher than that of hexoses.Moreover,lactic acid synthesis was favored by all active radicals including superoxide ion(·O_(2)^(−)),holes(h^(+)),hydroxyl radical(·OH),and singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2)),with·O_(2)^(−)playing a key role.The fabricated photocatalyst was stable,economical,and recyclable.The use of biomass-derived monosaccharides for the clean production of lactic acid via the C/BiOCl-180 photocatalyst has opened new research horizons for the investigation and application of C–C bond cleavage in biomass-based feedstocks.

High-loading single cobalt atoms on ultrathin MOF nanosheets for efficient photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction

Based on suitable scaffolds,constructing high-loading single-atom catalysts is a promising strategy to achieve highly efficient catalysis.Herein,using ultrathin metal-organic framework(MOF)nanosheets(2.4±0.5 nm)as the support,single-atom catalysts with high cobalt loading(6.0 wt%)were constructed(denoted as Co-MNSs)by a simple bottom-up synthetic strategy.The catalytic system of Co-MNSs exhibited an outstanding photocatalytic CO_(2)-to-CO evolution rate of 7,041μmol g^(-1)h^(-1)and a selectivity of 86%in aqueous media under visible-light irradiation,which has reached the top level of the reported MOF-based photocatalysts.The control experiments and theoretical calculation revealed that the Co-N_(4)moiety in the MOF nanosheets acted as the active site for the photocatalytic CO_(2)-to-CO conversion.The boosted photocatalytic performance could be ascribed to the high aspect-ratio of layered Co-MNSs providing abundant accessible active sites on their surfaces,which reduced the energy barrier,improved the charge separation efficiency,and also facilitated the adsorption of CO_(2)to form the reactive radicals of*COOH.Our study provides an appealing strategy for constructing high-loading single-atom catalysts and demonstrates the significance of 2D ultrathin MOF nanosheets as the support in boosting CO_(2)photoreduction efficiency.

Cuprous oxide/copper oxide interpenetrated into ordered mesoporous cellulose-based carbon aerogels for efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

The casual discharge of dyes from industrial settings has seriously polluted global water systems.Owing to the abundance of biomass resources,preparing photocatalysts for photocatalytic degradation of dyes is significant;however,it still remains challenging.In this work,a cuprous oxide/copper oxide composite was interpenetrated onto carbon nanosheets of cellulose-based flexible carbon aerogels(Cu_(2)O/CuO@CAx)via a simple freeze-drying-calcination method.The introduction of the carbon aerogel effectively prevents the aggregation of the cuprous oxide/copper oxide composite.In addition,Cu_(2)O/CuO@CA0.2 has a larger specific surface area,stronger charge transfer capacity,and lower recombination rate of photogenerated carriers than copper oxide.Moreover,Cu_(2)O/CuO@CA0.2 exhibited high photocatalytic activity in decomposing methylene blue,with a degradation rate reaching up to 99.09% in 60 min.The active oxidation species in the photocatalytic degradation process were systematically investigated by electron spin resonance characterization and poisoning experiments,among which singlet oxygen played a major role.In conclusion,this work provides an effective method for preparing photocatalysts using biomass resources in combination with different metal oxides.It also promotes the development of photocatalytic degradation of dyes.

IOLMaster700与IOLMaster500测量白内障术前眼轴长度的一致性及检出率比较

目的:比较新型扫频源生物测量仪IOLMaster700与传统部分相干光干涉生物测量仪IOLMaster500测量白内障患者眼轴长度(AL)的相关性、一致性及检出率。方法:系列病例研究。选取2017年8-9月于北京同仁医院眼科就诊的年龄相关性白内障患者840例(840眼)纳入研究,分别应用IOLMaster700及IOLMaster500测量AL,2种仪器检出率差异采用χ2检验进行比较,AL的数值差异采用配对t检验进行比较,相关性采用Pearson相关分析,一致性采用Bland-Altman分析。结果:IOLMaster700AL检出率为93.4%,IOLMaster500AL检出率为86.0%,二者差异具有统计学意义(χ2=63.00,P<0.001)。IOLMaster700及IOLMaster500测得的AL结果分别为(23.38±1.02)mm和(23.35±1.01)mm,差值为(0.03±0.04)mm,差异有统计学意义(t=-19.06,P<0.001),2种仪器测得的AL具有高度的相关性(r=1.00,P<0.001),Bland-Altamn分析95%一致性界限范围为0.13(-0.04~0.09)mm,上下限绝对值为0.09mm,一致性较好。结论:新型IOLMaster700与传统IOLMaster500测得的AL相比,具有高度相关性及良好的一致性,其检出率高于IOLMaster500,在白内障患者AL测量中具有一定优势。

基于扫频源相干光断层成像原理与部分相干光干涉原理的生物测量仪在眼轴测量中的比较

目的:比较基于扫频源相干光断层成像原理的OA2000和基于部分相干光干涉原理的AL-Scan在白内障患者眼轴长度测量中的检出率、差异性及一致性。方法:系列病例研究。纳入2017年11月29日至12月15日在首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院眼科门诊就诊,并拟行白内障手术的白内障患者210例(378眼)为研究对象,使用2种生物测量仪OA2000和AL-Scan检测眼轴长度。分别计算2种仪器的眼轴检出率。采用配对t检验比较2种仪器眼轴测量结果间的差异性。采用Pearson相关分析评价2种仪器测量间的相关性。采用组内相关系数(ICC)及Bland-Altman法评价仪器的一致性。并将研究眼分为眼轴<22mm组、眼轴22~26mm组、眼轴>26mm组,使用Bland-Altman法分别评价每组一致性。结果:OA2000和AL-Scan的眼轴检出率分别为98.4%和90.2%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=56.19,P<0.001)。OA2000和AL-Scan检测眼轴长度分别为(24.532±2.678)mm和(24.526±2.679)mm,差异无统计学意义(t=1.847,P=0.066)。2种仪器测量的眼轴长度结果具有密切相关性(r=1.000,P<0.001),ICC为1.000,Bland-Altamn分析95%一致性界限范围为0.23mm(-0.12~0.11mm)。95%一致性界限范围在眼轴<22mm组、眼轴22~26mm组、眼轴>26mm组分别为0.20mm(-0.10~0.10mm)、0.20mm(-0.09~0.11mm)、0.33mm(-0.16~0.17mm),3组的线外点分别为7.7%、4.5%、8.4%。结论:在白内障患者的眼轴测量中,OA2000比AL-Scan具有更高的眼轴检出率。2种仪器眼轴检测结果的相关性及一致性良好,尤其眼轴范围在22~26mm的患者中一致性表现最佳。2者数据可以相互替代使用。

Combination therapy using microwave ablation and d-mannose-chelated iron oxide nanoparticles inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression

Despite being a common therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),insufficient thermal ablation can leave behind tumor residues that can cause recurrence.This is believed to augment M2 inflammatory macrophages that usually play a pro-tumorigenic role.To address this problem,we designed D-mannose-chelated iron oxide nanoparticles(man-IONPs) to polarize M2-like macrophages into the antitumor Ml phenotype.In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that man-IONPs specifically targeted M2-like macrophages and accumulated in peri-ablation zones after macrophage infiltration was augmented under insufficient microwave ablation(MWA).The nanoparticles simultaneously induced polarization of pro-tumorigenic M2 macrophages into antitumor M1 phenotypes,enabling the transformation of the immunosuppressive microenvironment into an immunoactivating one.Post-MWA macrophage polarization exerted robust inhibitory effects on HCC progression in a well-established orthotopic liver cancer mouse model.Thus,combining thermal ablation with man-IONPs can salvage residual tumors after insufficient MWA.These results have strong potential for clinical translation.

新型扫频生物测量仪OA-2000与IOLMaster 700测量高度近视白内障患者的一致性

目的:比较OA-2000与IOLMaster 700在高度近视白内障患者生物测量中的一致性。方法:系列病例研究。选择2018年1─2月于北京同仁眼科中心拟行白内障手术的高度近视患者119例(119眼)。分别应用OA-2000和IOLMaster 700进行生物测量,获得角膜厚度(CCT)、前房深度(ACD)、晶状体厚度(LT)、眼轴长度(AL)、角膜曲率(Kf和Ks)、散光及轴向、平均角膜曲率(Km)、角膜横径(WTW)等数据,并通过矢量计算公式计算散光矢量J_(0)和J_(45),通过Barrett UniversalⅡ公式计算人工晶状体(IOL)度数。2种仪器测量参数及IOL度数差异比较采用配对t检验,一致性评估采用组内相关系数(ICC)及Bland-Altman法。结果:2种仪器测量Kf、Ks、Km、J_(0)、J_(45)、AL及IOL度数计算结果的差异均无统计学意义,测量CCT、ACD、LT及WTW差异均有统计学意义(t=-29.95、5.00、12.25、-5.56,均P<0.001)。2种仪器各测量参数及IOL度数计算结果的ICC为0.88~1.00。Bland-Altman分析显示2种仪器测量Kf、Ks、Km、J_(0)、J_(45)、CCT、ACD、LT、AL、WTW及IOL度数95%一致性界限(LoA)最大绝对值分别为:0.37 D、0.41 D、0.32 D、0.27 D、0.25 D、32.6μm、0.08 mm、0.18 mm、0.13 mm、0.73 mm及0.53 D。结论:在高度近视白内障患者中,OA-2000和IOLMaster 700测量Kf、Ks、Km、J_(0)、J_(45)、ACD、LT、AL的一致性好。2种仪器测量参数通过Barrett UniversalⅡ公式计算的IOL度数同样具有较好的一致性,可以相互替换使用。

TOSO interacts with SYK and enhances BCR pathway activation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Background:TOSO,also named Fas inhibitory molecule 3(FAIM3),has recently been identified as an immunoglobulin M(IgM)Fc receptor(FcμR).Previous studies have shown that TOSO is specifically over-expressed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL).However,the functions of TOSO in CLL remain unknown.The B-cell receptor(BCR)signaling pathway has been reported to be constitutively activated in CLL.Here,we aimed to investigate the functions of TOSO in the BCR signaling pathway and the pathogenesis of CLL.Methods:We over-expressed TOSO in B-cell lymphoma cell lines(Granta-519 and Z138)by lentiviral transduction and knocked down TOSO by siRNA in primary CLL cells.The over-expression and knockdown of TOSO were confirmed at the RNA level by polymerase chain reaction and protein level by Western blotting.Co-immunoprecipitation with TOSO antibody followed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry(IP/LCMS)was used to identify TOSO interacting proteins.Western blotting was performed to detect the activation status of BCR signaling pathways as well as B-cell lymphoma 2(BCL-2).Flow cytometry was used to examine the apoptosis of TOSO-over-expressing B lymphoma cell lines and TOSO-down-regulated CLL cells via the staining of Annexin V and 7-AAD.One-way analyses of variance were used for intergroup comparisons,while independent samples t tests were used for two-sample comparisons.Results:From IP/LCMS,we identified spleen tyrosine kinase(SYK)as a crucial candidate of TOSO-interacting protein and confirmed it by co-immunoprecipitation.After stimulation with anti-IgM,TOSO over-expression increased the phosphorylation of SYK,and subsequently activated the BCR signaling pathway,which could be reversed by a SYK inhibitor.TOSO knockdown in primary CLL cells resulted in reduced SYK phosphorylation as well as attenuated BCR signaling pathway.The apoptosis rates of the Granta-519 and Z138 cells expressing TOSO were(8.46±2.90)%and(4.20±1.21)%,respectively,significantly lower than the rates of the control groups,which were(25.20±4.60)%and(19.72±1.10)%,respectively(P<0.05 for both).The apoptosis rate was reduced after knocking down TOSO in the primary CLL cells.In addition,we also found that TOSO down-regulation in primary cells from CLL patients led to decreased expression of BCL-2 as well as lower apoptosis,and vice versa in the cell line.Conclusions:TOSO might be involved in the pathogenesis of CLL by interacting with SYK,enhancing the BCR signaling pathway,and inducing apoptosis resistance.

LPS-induced mitochondrial DNA synthesis and release facilitate RAD50-dependent acute lung injury

Dear Editor,ATP-binding cassette(ABC)-ATPase(RAD50),together with meiotic recombination 11 homolog 1(MRE11)subunits,to form MRE11-RAD50 complex,plays important roles in recognition of double-stranded DNA(dsDNA)and initiation of consequent inflammatory cascade1.Acute lung injury(ALI)and acute respiratory destress syndrome(ARDS)are systemic uncontrolled inflammation and life-threatening.However,the function of the DNA sensor in ALI/ARDS remains poorly defined.Here we investigated functions of RAD50 using mouse primary macrophages and conditionally RAD50 knockout mice in vitro and in a lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced lung injury model.

Percutaneous ultrasound-guided drainage of pneumomediastinum through the retropharyngeal space:a case report

Introduction Esophageal perforation(EP)is a rare but potentially lethal clinical condition with a mortality rate as high as 20%[1].The most common causes of EP are iatrogenic,spontaneous,and foreign body ingestion[2].EP is often accompanied by serious complications such as hemorrhagic pericardial effusion,mediastinal abscesses,and sepsis[3].Management is multidisciplinary and involves emergency physicians,thoracic surgeons,otaorhinolaryngologists,gastroenterologists,anesthesiologists,and radiologists[1].We herein report a case of pneumomediastinum caused by EP and discuss the effect of percutaneous ultrasound(US)-guided drainage through the retropharyngeal space.