Identification of porcine fast/slow myogenic exosomes and their regulatory effects on lipid accumulation in intramuscular adipocytes

Background Pork quality is affected by the type of muscle fibers, which is closely related to meat color, tenderness and juiciness. Exosomes are tiny vesicles with a diameter of approximately 30–150 nm that are secreted by cells and taken up by recipient cells to mediate communication. Exosome-mediated muscle-fat tissue crosstalk is a newly discovered mechanism that may have an important effect on intramuscular fat deposition and with that on meat quality. Various of adipose tissue-derived exosomes have been discovered and identified, but the identification and function of muscle exosomes, especially porcine fast/slow myotube exosomes, remain unclear. Here, we first isolated and identified exosomes secreted from porcine extensor digitorum longus(EDL) and soleus(SOL), which represent fast and slow muscle, respectively, and further explored their effects on lipid accumulation in longissimus dorsi adipocytes.Results Porcine SOL-derived exosomes(SOL-EXO) and EDL-derived exosomes(EDL-EXO) were first identified and their average particle sizes were approximately 84 nm with double-membrane disc-shapes as observed via transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the intramuscular fat content of the SOL was greater than that of the EDL at 180 days of age, because SOL intramuscular adipocytes had a stronger lipid-accumulating capacity than those of the EDL. Raman spectral analysis revealed that SOL-EXO protein content was much greater than that of EDL-EXO. Proteomic sequencing identified 72 proteins that were significantly differentially expressed between SOL-EXO and EDL-EXO, 31 of which were downregulated and 41 of which were upregulated in SOL-EXO.Conclusions Our findings suggest that muscle-fat tissue interactions occur partly via SOL-EXO promoting adipogenic activity of intramuscular adipocytes.

Research Progress on the Mental Toughness of Family Caregivers of Children with Malignant Solid Tumors

The physical,emotional,and caregiving quality of caregivers for children with malignant solid tumors is significantly influenced by mental toughness.The definition of mental toughness,study methods,primary influencing factors,and intervention strategies for the mental toughness of caregivers of children with malignant solid tumors will be examined in this paper.To improve the mental toughness of caregivers of children with malignant solid tumors,it is recommended that future studies enhance the number of intervention research methods and establish particular evaluation tools.

Electro-chemo-mechanical analysis of the effect of bending deformation on the interface of flexible solid-state battery

Flexible solid-state battery has several unique characteristics including high flexibility,easy portability,and high safety,which may have broad application prospects in new technology products such as rollup displays,power implantable medical devices,and wearable equipments.The interfacial mechanical and electrochemical problems caused by bending deformation,resulting in the battery damage and failure,are particularly interesting.Herein,a fully coupled electro-chemo-mechanical model is developed based on the actual solid-state battery structure.Concentration-dependent material parameters,stress-dependent diffusion,and potential shift are considered.According to four bending forms(k=8/mm,0/mm,-8/mm,and free),the results show that the negative curvature bending is beneficial to reducing the plastic strain during charging/discharging,while the positive curvature is detrimental.However,with respect to the electrochemical performance,the negative curvature bending creates a negative potential shift,which causes the battery to reach the cut-off voltage earlier and results in capacity loss.These results enlighten us that suitable electrode materials and charging strategy can be tailored to reduce plastic deformation and improve battery capacity for different forms of battery bending.

Switching CO_(2) Electroreduction Selectivity Between C_(1) and C_(2) Hydrocarbons on Cu Gas-Diffusion Electrodes

Regulating the selectivity toward a target hydrocarbon product is still the focus of CO_(2)electroreduction.Here,we discover that the original surface Cu species in Cu gas-diffusion electrodes plays a more important role than the surface roughness,local pH,and facet in governing the selectivity toward C_(1)or C_(2)hydrocarbons.The selectivity toward C_(2)H_(4) progressively increases,while CH_(4) decreases steadily upon lowering the Cu oxidation species fraction.At a relatively low electrodeposition voltage of 1.5 V,the Cu gas-diffusion electrode with the highest Cu^(δ+)/Cu^(0)ratio favors the pathways of∗CO hydrogenation to form CH_(4) with maximum Faradaic efficiency of 65.4%and partial current density of 228 mA cm^(−2)at−0.83 V vs RHE.At 2.0 V,the Cu gas-diffusion electrode with the lowest Cu^(δ+)/Cu^(0)ratio prefers C-C coupling to form C_(2)+products with Faradaic efficiency topping 80.1%at−0.75 V vs RHE,where the Faradaic efficiency of C_(2)H_(4) accounts for 46.4%and the partial current density of C_(2)H_(4) achieves 279 mA cm^(−2).This work demonstrates that the selectivity from CH_(4) to C_(2)H_(4) is switchable by tuning surface Cu species composition of Cu gas-diffusion electrodes.

Ni-catalyzed carbon–carbon bonds cleavage of mixed polyolefin plastics waste

The inert carbon–carbon(C–C) bonds cleavage is a main bottleneck in the chemical upcycling of recalcitrant polyolefin plastics waste. Here we develop an efficient strategy to catalyze the complete cleavage of C–C bonds in mixed polyolefin plastics over non-noble metal catalysts under mild conditions. The nickelbased catalyst involving Ni_(2)Al_(3) phase enables the direct transformation of mixed polyolefin plastics into natural gas, and the gas carbon yield reaches up to 89.6%. Reaction pathway investigation reveals that natural gas comes from the stepwise catalytic cleavage of C–C bonds in polypropylene, and the catalyst prefers catalytic cleavage of terminal C–C bond in the side-chain with the low energy barrier.Additionally, our developed approach is evaluated by the technical economic analysis for an economically competitive production process.

MiR-146a-5p targeting SMAD4 and TRAF6 inhibits adipogenensis through TGF-β and AKT/mTORC1 signal pathways in porcine intramuscular preadipocytes

Background: Intramuscular fat(IMF) content is a vital parameter for assessing pork quality. Increasing evidence has shown that microRNAs(miRNAs) play an important role in regulating porcine IMF deposition. Here, a novel miRNA implicated in porcine IMF adipogenesis was found, and its effect and regulatory mechanism were further explored with respect to intramuscular preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation.Results: By porcine adipose tissue miRNA sequencing analysis, we found that miR-146a-5p is a potential regulator of porcine IMF adipogenesis. Further studies showed that miR-146a-5p mimics inhibited porcine intramuscular preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation, while the miR-146a-5p inhibitor promoted cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation. Mechanistically, miR-146a-5p suppressed cell proliferation by directly targeting SMAD family member 4(SMAD4) to attenuate TGF-β signaling. Moreover, miR-146a-5p inhibited the differentiation of intramuscular preadipocytes by targeting TNF receptor-associated factor 6(TRAF6) to weaken the AKT/mTORC1 signaling downstream of the TRAF6 pathway.Conclusions: MiR-146a-5p targets SMAD4 and TRAF6 to inhibit porcine intramuscular adipogenesis by attenuating TGF-β and AKT/mTORC1 signaling, respectively. These findings provide a novel miRNA biomarker for regulating intramuscular adipogenesis to promote pork quality.

2013年云南大山包黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区鹤类及大型水禽的数量及分布

2013年1月19—20日采用夜宿地直数法和样线调查法对云南大山包黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区内越冬的黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)及其他水禽进行了同步调查。两日同步调查黑颈鹤数量分别为1185和1153只,幼鹤占整个黑颈鹤种群的9.97%;斑头雁(Anser indicus)为298只;赤麻鸭(Todorna ferruginea)563只;记录到灰鹤(G.grus)3只。保护区境内的大海子、勒力寨、小海坝、长会口四个湿地为鹤类及其他水禽的主要栖息地。

Heterogeneous Catalysis for CO_(2) Conversion into Chemicals and Fuels

Catalytic conversion of CO_(2)into chemicals and fuels is a viable method to reduce carbon emissions and achieve carbon neutrality.Through thermal catalysis,electrocatalysis,and photo(electro)catalysis,CO_(2)can be converted into a wide range of valuable products,including CO,formic acid,methanol,methane,ethanol,acetic acid,propanol,light olefi ns,aromatics,and gasoline,as well as fi ne chemicals.In this mini-review,we summarize the recent progress in heterogeneous catalysis for CO_(2)conversion into chemicals and fuels and highlight some representative studies of diff erent conversion routes.The structure-performance correlations of typical catalytic materials used for the CO_(2)conversion reactions have been revealed by combining advanced in situ/operando spectroscopy and microscopy characterizations and density functional theory cal-culations.Catalytic selectivity toward a single CO_(2)reduction product/fraction should be further improved at an industrially relevant CO_(2)conversion rate with considerable stability in the future.

A Novel Zirconium-Based Perovskite-Type Membrane Material for Oxygen Permeation

A novel zirconium-based membrane material of BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.2O3-6 with cubic perovskite structure was synthesized for the first time through a method of citric and EDTA acid combined complexes. The structural stability was characterized by XRD, O-2-TPD and H-2-TPR techniques respectively. The high oxygen permeation flux of 0.873 mL/cm(2) min at 950 degreesC was obtained under He/Air gradient. Meanwhile, the single activation energy for oxygen permeation and the long-term steady operation of 200 h at 800 degreesC were achieved.

An Approach to Achieve Carbon Neutrality with Integrated Multi-Energy Technology

1.Introduction At the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly on 22 September 2020,President Xi Jinping pledged that China would peak its carbon emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060(hereinafter referred to as“peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality”).This statement indicated that China would contribute to the global community in order to aim toward a shared future for humankind and would establish a schedule for the promotion of green,low-carbon,and highquality development,which will benefit China’s overall and long-term development.China’s total carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions surpassed those of the United States in 2005,making China the world’s largest carbon emitter.Due to the nation’s rapid and sustained economic growth,China’s emissions reached 9.83 billion tonnes in 2019,accounting for 28.8%of the global total[1].

“双碳”目标下化石能源低碳转化方向探讨

习近平总书记多次强调,“实现‘双碳’目标,不是别人让我们做,而是我们自己必须要做”.党的二十大报告进一步指出,对于我国,“推动经济社会发展绿色化、低碳化是实现高质量发展的关键环节”,“加快推动产业结构、能源结构、交通运输结构等调整优化”.“双碳”目标的提出,是我国以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的必然要求.

A Preliminary Study on the Main Ridge Decoration of Buildings in Yuan,Ming,and Qing Dynasties in Guanzhong Area

The function of roof ridge ornament is irreplaceable in the facade modeling of traditional Chinese architecture.Taking the ornament in the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Guanzhong area as an example,this paper summarizes and analyzes the appearance characteristics,and internal cultural connotation of the ornament that is currently present in the Guanzhong area from the aspects of its decorative content,color,and grade indication.Further,make relevant discussions,hoping to supplement the research of ancient ornament.

A Dynamic Organic Structuring-Directing Agent for Pure-Silica-Zeolite AST and LTA Syntheses

Pure-silica-zeolite (PSZ ) 著名计算机生产厂商和 LTA 被使用一样的指导结构的代理人(SDA ) 成功地综合分子，但是在不同集中。动态器官的 SDA 被建议讨论在著名计算机生产厂商和 LTA 之间的阶段辨别的机制。数据建议进在不同集中由的更暗淡或更整齐的建筑群自我装配的 SDA 分子罐头 - 相互作用，和这些差别能被利用有选择地综合 PSZ 著名计算机生产厂商或 LTA。从 Liebau 的规则的这些偏差显示在在溶液的 SDA 化学，结构，和顺序的小面值硬币能在沸石合成的结构选择上有大影响。

Heavy metals potentially drive co-selection of antibiotic resistance genes by shifting soil bacterial communities in paddy soils along the middle and lower Yangtze River

Heavy metals(HMs)and antibiotic resistance have become serious environmental problems affecting soil and human health.Soil microorganisms play key roles in pollutant degradation and biogeochemical cycling processes;however,the interactions among HMs,soil microbial communities,and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in agricultural soils remain unclear.Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and NovaSeq sequencing,we evaluated heavy metal contents,abundances of ARGs,soil bacterial community structure and functions,and their correlations in paddy soils at 43 sampling sites along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,central and eastern China.Our results showed the co-occurrence of HMs,ARGs,and HM resistance genes across all paddy soils.Additionally,significant positive associations were detected between HMs and resistance genes.Cadmium,czcA,and int1 were positively correlated with bacterial community diversity.The Mantel test showed that bacterial community composition and functions were significantly associated with HMs and resistance genes,such as Cd,Cr,Zn,copA,czcA,int1,and sul1.Moreover,HMs and ARGs were the major factors shaping soil bacterial communities;thus,HMs triggered proliferation of HM and antibiotic resistances by influencing the mobile genetic element(int1)and soil microbial communities.Our study revealed that HMs potentially drive the co-selection of ARGs by shifting soil bacterial community structure and functions,thereby increasing the potential risks to human health as well as ecological environment in the paddy soils along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

An AIPE-active fluorinated cationic Pt(Ⅱ)complex for efficient detection of picric acid in aqueous media

A novel cationic Pt(Ⅱ)complex 2 with 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine as the cyclometalating ligand and 1,10-phenanthroline as the auxiliary ligand has been synthesized and fully characterized.This complex exhibits much higher aggregation-induced phosphorescent emission activity than that of a nonfluorinated complex 1 in CH_(3)CN/H_(2)O.The complex 2 demonstrates efficient detection on picric acid(PA)in CH_(3)CN/H_(2)O,providing a high quenching constant(K_(SV)=2.3×10^(4) L/mol)and a low limit of detection(LOD=0.26μmol/L).In addition,complex 2 shows high selectivity for detection of PA in real water samples.Density functional theory calculations and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra suggest that the detection mechanism is attributed to the photo-induced electron transfer.

Plasmonic nanostructures acting as a light-driven O_(2)-sensitive nitroreductase mimic for enhanced photochemical oxidation of para-aminothiophenol

Nanozymes,as a novel form of enzyme mimics,have garnered considerable interest.Despite overcoming the main disadvantages of their natural analogs,they still face challenges such as restricted mimic types and low substrate specificity.Herein,we introduce a reactive ligand modification strategy to diversify enzyme mimic types.Specifically,we have utilized helical plasmonic nanorods(HPNRs)modified with para-nitrothiophenol(4-NTP)to create an oxygen-sensitive nitroreductase(NTR)with light-controllability.HPNRs act as a light-adjustable source of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NAD(P)H),providing photon-generated energetic electrons to adsorbed 4-NTP molecules.In the presence of O_(2),the activated 4-NTP transfers the captured electron to the adsorbed O_(2),mimicking the electron transfer process in its natural counterpart.This enhanced O_(2)activation notably boosts the oxidative coupling of para-aminothiophenol(4-ATP).Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that hot electrons injected into the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)energy level of 4-NTP can be transferred to that of molecular oxygen.In conclusion,our findings underline the potential of the reactive ligand modification strategy in developing new types of enzyme reactions,which opens up promising avenues for the enhancement and diversification of nanozyme functionalities.

Corrosion resistance of Cr_(2)O_(3)coating formed by in-situ oxidation on 2205 duplex stainless steel in different pH solutions

In petroleum industries and seawater environment,the corrosion phenomena have become particularly harsh,especially for pipelines and pressure vessels that transport or contain media that contain quantities of corrosive medium,such as sulfides,chlorides,and carbon dioxide,etc.The occurrence of corrosion failure will not only reduce the mechanical properties of materials.

Research Progress of Continuous Nursing for Patients with Chronic Wounds After Discharge

The research status of continuous nursing of patients with chronic wounds is reviewed.Since the research on continuous nursing of chronic wound patients in China is still in the initial stage,if necessary,learn from foreign experience,improve relevant systems,develop corresponding evaluation tools,actively implement telemedicine,and carry out hospital-community linkage models,etc.to provide high-quality nursing services for patients with chronic wounds.

miRNA和lncRNA在动物脂肪沉积中的研究进展

微小RNA(MicroRNA,miRNA)是一类由18–25个核苷酸组成的高度保守的核苷酸序列,它可以特异性结合信使RNA(mRNA)的3′-非编码区域,进而发挥降解mRNA或阻遏mRNA翻译的负调控作用。长链非编码RNA(Long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是一类长度超过200个核苷酸、不能编码蛋白质或只能编码蛋白质微肽的核苷酸序列,它可以在表观遗传、转录水平和转录后水平调控基因表达。脂肪作为一种重要的储能物质,在调节动物体能量平衡过程中发挥着重要的作用,并与动物产肉量、肉品质等产肉性状密切相关。而脂肪功能的紊乱可导致高血脂、Ⅱ型糖尿病以及一系列心血管疾病发生,因此动物脂肪沉积的分子调控机制备受人们关注。近年来,越来越多的研究发现miRNA和lncRNA在动物脂肪沉积中发挥重要作用。文中就现阶段miRNA和lncRNA在动物脂肪沉积中的研究进展进行综述,以期为进一步揭示动物脂肪沉积的分子调控机制提供理论指导和新思路。

CO2 electrolysis at industrial current densities using anion exchange membrane based electrolyzers

Significant progress on electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) has been achieved in recent years.However,the research and development of electrolyzer device for CO2RR is scarce.Here we use anion exchange membrane to develop zerogap electrolyzers for CO2RR.The electrochemical properties of the electrolyzers with Pd/C and Cu cathodes are investigated.The Pd/C cathode shows a current density of 200 mA cm^-2with CO Faradaic efficiency of 98%and energy efficiency of 48.8%,while the Cu cathode shows a current density of 350 mA cm^-2with total CO2RR Faradaic efficiency of 81.9%and energy efficiency of 30.5%.This work provides a promising demonstration of CO2 electrolyzer using anion exchange membrane for CO2 electrolysis at industrial current densities.