Hybrid bonding of GaAs and Si wafers at low temperature by Ar plasma activation

High-quality bonding of 4-inch GaAs and Si is achieved using plasma-activated bonding technology.The influence of Ar plasma activation on surface morphology is discussed.When the annealing temperature is 300℃,the bonding strength reaches a maximum of 6.2 MPa.In addition,a thermal stress model for GaAs/Si wafers is established based on finite element analysis to obtain the distribution of equivalent stress and deformation variables at different temperatures.The shape varia-tion of the wafer is directly proportional to the annealing temperature.At an annealing temperature of 400℃,the maximum protrusion of 4 inches GaAs/Si wafers is 3.6 mm.The interface of GaAs/Si wafers is observed to be dense and defect-free using a transmission electron microscope.The characterization of interface elements by X-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy indi-cates that the elements at the interface undergo mutual diffusion,which is beneficial for improving the bonding strength of the interface.There is an amorphous transition layer with a thickness of about 5 nm at the bonding interface.The preparation of Si-based GaAs heterojunctions can enrich the types of materials required for the development of integrated circuits,improve the performance of materials and devices,and promote the development of microelectronics technology.

Demonstration of safety characteristics and effects on gut microbiota of Lactobacillus gasseri HMV18

Human normal flora is a source of probiotics.The safety characteristics of a specific isolate determine its application in foods or drugs.The food-borne-pathogen antagonist strain Lactobacillus gasseri HMV18 is one of the isolates from normal human flora.In this work,we assessed the in vitro pH tolerance,bile tolerance,biogenic amine production,mucin utilization,and safety of in vivo administration to mice to evaluate general health,organ-body weight index,organ histopathological change,whether L.gasseri HMV18 can colonize in the gut or modulate the gut microbiota after oral administration.The results suggest that L.gasseri HMV18 can tolerate pH 3 for 2 h,3%bile for 3 h,biogenic amine negative,mucin usage negative,does not encode verified toxins,and cause no visible change in mice's organs.L.gasseri HMV18 might not colonize in mice's gut,but can significantly affect the structure of gut microbiota.A bibliographical survey suggested that there were as few as 8 opportunistic infection cases from 1984 to 2022 and that the possibility for L.gasseri to cause infection is relatively low.Therefore,this work provides a basis for the foods or drugs application of L.gasseri HMV18 and gives a map of experiments for the safety assessment of probiotics.

冷圈套器切除术治疗右半结肠浅表型息肉的安全性分析

目的 观察冷圈套器切除术与热圈套器切除术治疗右半结肠浅表型(即巴黎分型0-Ⅱa型)息肉的应用效果。方法 纳入110例右半结肠息肉患者,随机分为对照组和研究组,各55例,研究组采用冷圈套器切除术,对照组采用热圈套器切除术,分析两组患者治疗和随访情况。结果 研究组与对照组内镜下完全切除率分别为97.10%和95.65%,术中和术后均未出现出血和穿孔等并发症,研究组术后无持续性腹痛,对照组有3例患者可能是电凝综合征或注射针穿透损伤肠壁,引起局限持续性腹痛,最长达1个月。研究组治疗时间短于对照组,治疗费用少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论 冷圈套器切除术治疗<1 cm的右半结肠0-Ⅱa型息肉,较热圈套器切除术操作更便捷,内镜下切除率高,操作中避免了电刀电凝及注射针注射引起的透壁性损伤风险,降低了术后持续腹痛发生率,不增加出血和穿孔的风险,治疗过程安全,治疗时间短,费用低,临床疗效好。值得临床推广应用。

Study of surface morphology in GaAs by hydrogen and helium implantation at elevated temperature

In this work,the surface morphology and internal defect evolution process of GaAs substrates implanted with light ions of different fluence combinations are studied.The influence of H and He ions implantation on the atomic mechanism of the blister phenomenon observed after annealing is investigated.Raman spectroscopy is used to measure the surface stress change of different samples before and after implantation and annealing.Optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy are used to characterize the morphology changes of the GaAs surface under different annealing conditions.The evolution of bubbles and defects in GaAs crystals is revealed by transmission electron microscopy.Through this study,it is hoped that ion implantation fluence,surface exfoliation efficiency and exfoliation cost can be optimized.At the same time,it also lays a foundation for the heterointegration of GaAs film on Si.

新型灌洗泵治疗胫骨慢性骨髓炎的疗效观察

目的分析新型灌洗泵对胫骨慢性骨髓炎的治疗效果。方法选取39例胫骨慢性骨髓炎患者,在彻底清创基础上应用自制灌洗泵灌洗引流,术后随访其一般情况、化验检查,利用HSS评分及BairdJackson评分评价其膝关节及踝关节功能。结果所有患者均得以随访,全身情况、患肢局部表现及化验检查明显改善,治疗前后膝关节HSS评分及踝关节Baird-Jackson评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论自制新型灌洗泵操作简便,精细可控,对慢性骨髓炎具有明确疗效,可进一步临床推广。

患者教育对水辅助进镜法结肠镜术前肠道准备质量的影响

背景水辅助进镜法肠镜检查,临床证实可减轻患者术中不适,提高腺瘤检出率.因该技术(水浸没/水交换)对于肠道尤其左半结肠清洁程度要求较高,采用复方聚乙二醇分次给药方案,并予微信公众号相关视频及科普文章推送加强患者教育,可确保肠道准备质量.目的本文研究患者教育对于水辅助进镜法结肠镜术前诊疗患者肠道准备质量的影响.方法400例拟行肠镜诊疗门诊患者按照随机数字表随机分为对照组与观察组.两组均予口头及书面告知复方聚乙二醇分次给药肠道准备方法.观察组同时给予微信公众号相关视频及科普文章推送.波士顿评分量表评价肠道准备质量, 7分及以上视为充分.结果观察组方案完全执行率及充分肠道准备患者比例高于对照组,差异有统计学意义.对于既往采取复方聚乙二醇单次给药患者,患者教育能够提高该亚组换用新方法准备的依从性.结论患者教育有助于提高水辅助进镜法肠镜术前诊疗患者肠道准备依从性及肠腔清洁程度,并指导既往肠镜诊疗史患者摒弃单次用药方法,接受分次服药方案.

PdCoIr四面体合金纳米催化剂的制备及其对乙醇氧化的电催化性能

钯(Pd)基催化剂是直接乙醇燃料电池研究中广泛使用的催化剂,进一步提升其性能是推动燃料电池发展的重要方向。本文用一步水热法制备出四面体结构PdCo(PdCo tetrahedron,记为PdCo-TH)和少量铱(Ir)掺杂的PdCo四面体合金纳米粒子(记为PdCoIr-TH)。经TEM、ICP、XPS及CV等表征证实,PdCoIr-TH为三元合金纳米粒子,且掺杂的Ir元素倾向分布在催化剂表层。相比于商业Pd/C催化剂,PdCo-TH/C和PdCoIr-TH/C对乙醇电氧化的催化性能显著增强。研究结果表明,Pd9Co1Ir0.1-TH/C在低电位(<-0.25 V)下具有最高的乙醇电氧化活性和稳定性。Ir掺杂不仅提高了催化剂抗CO毒化的能力还有利于乙醇起始氧化电位负移。同时,随着Ir含量的增加,所制备的纳米催化剂的乙醇电氧化C1产物选择性也随之升高。针对不同组成催化剂反应性的差异,本文认为Co与Ir位点上容易产生OHad物种,这将有利于活性Pd位点上乙醇电氧化中间反应物种的有效转化。除了以上的各位点间的协同效应,三元合金的形成,进一步调控了Pd的d带电子结构,从而促进了催化剂反应性的改变。

Exercise as a prescription for patients with various diseases

A growing understanding of the benefits of exercise over the past few decades has prompted researchers to take an interest in the possibilities of exercise therapy.Because each sport has its own set of characteristics and physiological complications that tend to occur during exercise training,the effects and underlying mechanisms of exercise remain unclear.Thus,the first step in probing the effects of exercise on different diseases is the selection of an optimal exercise protocol.This review summarizes the latest exercise prescription treatments for 26 different diseases:musculoskeletal system diseases(low back pain,tendon injury,osteoporosis,osteoarthritis,and hip fracture),metabolic system diseases(obesity,type 2 diabetes,type 1 diabetes,and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease),cardio-cerebral vascular system diseases(coronary artery disease,stroke,and chronic heart failure),nervous system diseases(Parkinson’s disease,Huntington’s disease,Alzheimer’s disease,depression,and anxiety disorders),respiratory system diseases(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,interstitial lung disease,and after lung transplantation),urinary system diseases(chronic kidney disease and after kidney transplantation),and cancers(breast cancer,colon cancer,prostate cancer,and lung cancer).Each exercise prescription is displayed in a corresponding table.The recommended type,intensity,and frequency of exercise prescriptions are summarized,and the effects of exercise therapy on the prevention and rehabilitation of different diseases are discussed.

Micro RNAs in colorectal cancer:Role in metastasis and clinical perspectives

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States.Almost 90%of the patients diagnosed with CRC die due to metastases.Micro RNAs(mi RNAs)are evolutionarily conserved molecules that modulate the expression of their target genes post-transcriptionally,and they may participate in various physiological and pathological processes including CRC metastasis by influencing various factors in the human body.Recently,the role mi RNAs play throughout the CRC metastatic cascade has gain attention.Many studies have been published to link them with CRC metastasis.In this review,we will briefly discuss metastatic steps in the light of mi RNAs,along with their target genes.We will discuss how the aberration in the expression of mi RNAs leads to the formation of CRC by effecting the regulation of their target genes.As mi RNAs are being exploited for diagnosis,prognosis,and monitoring of cancer and other diseases,their high tissue specificity and critical role in oncogenesis make them new biomarkers for the diagnosis and classification of cancer as well as for predicting patients’outcome.Mi RNA signatures have been identified for many human tumors including CRC,and mi RNA-based therapies to treat cancer have been emphasized lately.These will also be discussed in this review.

Procalcitionin as a diagnostic marker to distinguish upper and lower gastrointestinal perforation

AIM To assess the accuracy of serum procalcitionin(PCT)as a diagnostic marker in verifying upper and lower gastrointestinal perforation(GIP).METHODS This retrospective study included 46 patients from the surgical intensive care unit(ICU)of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University who were confirmed to have GIP between June 2013 and December 2016.Demographic and clinical patient data were recorded on admission to ICU.Patients were divided into upper(n=19)and lower(n=27)GIP groups according to the perforation site(above or below Treitz ligament).PCT and WBC count was obtained before laparotomy and then compared between groups.Meanwhile,the diagnostic accuracy of PCT was analyzed.RESULTS Patients with lower GIP exhibited significantly higher APACHE II score,SOFA score and serum PCT level than patients with upper GIP(P=0.017,0.004,and0.001,respectively).There was a significant positive correlation between serum PCT level and APACHE II score or SOFA score(r=0.715 and r=0.611,respectively),while there was a significant negative correlation between serum PCT level and prognosis(r=-0.414).WBC count was not significantly different between the two groups,and WBC count showed no significant correlation with serum PCT level,APACHE II score,SOFA score or prognosis.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of PCT level to distinguish upper or lower GIP was 0.778.Patients with a serum PCT level above 17.94 ng/d L had a high likelihood of lower GIP,with a sensitivity of 100%and a specificity of 42.1%.CONCLUSION Serum PCT level is a reliable and accurate diagnostic marker in identifying upper or lower GIP before laparotomy.

Efficacy of maximal androgen blockade versus castration alone in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer： a retrospective clinical experience from a Chinese medical centre

In this retrospective study, we evaluated and compared the efficacy and toxicities of maximal androgen blockade （MAB） versus castration alone in Chinese patients with advanced prostate cancer. From 1996 to 2004, 608 patients with advanced prostate cancer were included in the study. Patients were retrospectively divided into two groups according to different therapeutic regimens. Of the 608 patients, 300 patients were treated with MAB （castration plus nonsteroidal antiandrogens） and the remaining 308 were treated with castration alone. The 2- and 5-year overall survival rates of these patients were 73.7% and 56%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that, in patients with metastatic prostate cancer, MAB was associated with not only the improvement of progression-free survival （PFS） （increased by 10 months） but also a 20.6% reduction in mortality risk compared with castration alone. In contrast, the efficacy of MAB was not superior to castration alone for patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer. Interestingly, among patients with MAB, those using bicalutamide had a longer PFS than those using flutamide; this was especially so in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Almost all of the toxicities due to the hormone therapy were mild to moderate and manageable. To conclude, in China, hormone therapies, including MAB and castration alone, have been standard treatments for advanced prostate cancer. For patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer, castration alone might be adequately practical and efficient. In patients with metastatic prostate cancer, however, MAB has superior efficacy over castration alone. It is clear that MAB should be considered the first-line standard treatment for patients with metastatic prostate cancer.

Effects of acute kidney injury on acute pancreatitis patients’ survival rate in intensive care unit: A retrospective study

BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury(AKI)is one of the most common acute pancreatitis(AP)-associated complications that has a significant effect on AP,but the factors affecting the AP patients’survival rate remains unclear.AIM To assess the influences of AKI on the survival rate in AP patients.METHODS A total of 139 AP patients were included in this retrospective study.Patients were divided into AKI group(n=72)and non-AKI group(n=67)according to the occurrence of AKI.Data were collected from medical records of hospitalized patients.Then,these data were compared between the two groups and further analysis was performed.RESULTS AKI is more likely to occur in male AP patients(P=0.009).AP patients in AKI group exhibited a significantly higher acute physiologic assessment and chronic health evaluation II score,higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score,lower Glasgow Coma Scale score,and higher demand for mechanical ventilation,infusion of vasopressors,and renal replacement therapy than AP patients in non-AKI group(P<0.01,P<0.01,P=0.01,P=0.001,P<0.01,P<0.01,respectively).Significant differences were noted in dose of norepinephrine and adrenaline,duration of mechanical ventilation,maximum and mean values of intra-peritoneal pressure(IPP),maximum and mean values of procalcitonin,maximum and mean serum levels of creatinine,minimum platelet count,and length of hospitalization.Among AP patients with AKI,the survival rate of surgical intensive care unit and in-hospital were only 23%and 21%of the corresponding rates in AP patients without AKI,respectively.The factors that influenced the AP patients’survival rate included body mass index(BMI),mean values of IPP,minimum platelet count,and hospital day,of which mean values of IPP showed the greatest impact.CONCLUSION AP patients with AKI had a lower survival rate and worse relevant clinical outcomes than AP patients without AKI,which necessitates further attention to AP patients with AKI in surgical intensive care unit.

Basal Serum Anti-Miillerian Hormone Level as a Predictor of Clinical Outcomes in Freezing-all Embryo Transfer Program

As a novel biomarker,there is inconsistent evidence regarding the association between anti-Miillerian hormone (AMH) and live birth rate in freezing-all embryo transfer cycles.We aim to assess the prognostic effect of baseline AMH on clinical outcomes,especially live birth rate in freezing-all embryo transfer cycles.A total of 828 non-polycystic ovary patients that underwent their first frozen-thawed embryo transfers in our center between January 2010 and January 2015 were recruited in this retrospective analysis.Patients were stratified into three groups based on their baseline AMH concentration:low AMH group (<1.4ng/mL),middle AMH group (1.4-5.8 ng/mL)and high AMH group (>5.8 ng/mL).The results showed that low AMH level was associated With adverse clinical outcomes.The differences in implantation rate (21.9% vs.43.2% vs.58.8%,P<0.001),clinical pregnancy rate (32.0% vs.55.2% vs.65.7%, P<0.001),live birth delivery rate (21.8% vs.43.6% vs.52.7%,P<0.001)and miscarriage rate (31.8% vs.17.5% vs.15.4%,P=0.014)among the three groups were statistically significant.After adjusting confounders (i.e.age,baseline FSH level,AFC,endometrium thickness,endometriurn preparation protocols,number of embryos transferred,etiologies of infertility),differences in live birth rate,clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate between groups remained significant.The further age subgroup analysis demonstrated that low AMH concentration was significantly associated with poor outcomes both in young and advanced patients.The area under the curve for serum AMH,age,AFC and FSH were 0.635,0.634,0.615 and 0.543 respectively,for predicting live birth.In conclusion, baseline AMH was an independent prognostic factor of live birth rate of freezing-all embryo transfers,but its predictive value on live birth rate was of limited clinical value.

Association of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase with treatment outcome in chronic hepatitis B patients

AIM:To investigate the association of serum gammaglutamyl transferase(GGT) levels with chronic hepatitis B infection and hepatitis B e antigen(HBe Ag) seroconversion.METHODS:A retrospective study was performed on clinical data collected from patients who had been positive for hepatitis B surface antigen for > 6 mo and who were antiviral-treatment na?ve(n = 215) attending the Hepatitis Clinic at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between August 2010 and December 2013. Healthy individuals without liver disease(n = 83) were included as controls. Patients were categorized into four groups based on disease status as recommended by the European Association for the Study of the Liver:immune tolerance(IT; n = 47),HBe Ag-positive hepatitis(EPH; n = 93),HBe Ag-negative hepatitis(ENH;n = 20),and inactive carrier(IC; n = 55). Prediction of complete response(CR) based on serum GGT was also examined in EPH patients(n = 33) treated for 48 wk with nucleos(t)ide analogue(NA) therapy,including lamivudine plus adefovir combination therapy(n = 20) or entecavir monotherapy(n = 13). CR was defined as a serum hepatitis B virus DNA level < 500 copies/m L and HBe Ag seroconversion by 48 wk of treatment. RESULTS:Serum GGT levels were significantly increased in EPH and ENH patients relative to the IT,IC,and healthy control groups(P < 0.01 for all). However,no significant difference in serum GGT levels was found between the EPH and ENH groups. Baseline serum GGT levels were significantly higher in patients who achieved CR(7/33; 21.2%) compared to patients in the non-CR group(26/33; 78.8%; P = 0.011). In addition,the decline in serum GGT was greater in CR patients compared to non-CR patients after 24 wk and 48 wk of treatment(P = 0.012 and P = 0.008,respectively). The receiver operating characteristic curve yielded a sensitivity of 85.71% and a specificity of 61.54% at a threshold value of 0.89 times the upper limit of normal for baseline serum GGT in the prediction of CR following NA therapy. CONCLUSION:Serum GGT is significantly elevated in EPH and ENH patients and is a potential biomarker for the prediction of HBe Ag seroconversion following NA therapy.

非高发地区初诊远处转移鼻咽癌患者生存及预后的单中心分析

目的:分析非高发地区初治远处转移鼻咽癌患者的生存情况及预后因素。方法:回顾性分析2008年6月至2015年12月四川省肿瘤医院收治的91例初诊远处转移鼻咽癌患者,所有患者均接受原发灶的根治性放疗,放疗剂量为66.0~76.6 Gy(中位剂量71.0 Gy)。87例患者采用以铂类为基础的化疗方案(1~7个周期),未行化疗4例,放疗期间同步靶向治疗17例(尼妥珠单抗或西妥昔单抗)。初治时完成转移灶的局部治疗49例(放疗48例,孤立肺转移手术1例)。患者治疗结束后每3个月随访1次。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,采用Cox回归模型进行多因素分析。结果:中位随访时间41个月。患者1、2、3年生存率分别为83.4%、58.6%、43.3%,中位生存期为32(6~87)个月。转移灶数目>3个(P=0.020)及转移灶无局部治疗(P=0.034)是患者总生存预后不良的独立影响因素。结论:对于初诊远处转移鼻咽癌,予原发灶根治性放疗(≥66.0 Gy)剂量联合转移灶局部治疗可以改善患者生存率。

Cognition and Sociodemographic Determinants for Effective Pain Control in Patients with Cancer Pain: a Cross-sectional Survey in China

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate cancer patients'cognitive level of pain control and to evaluate the patient-related factors or barriers to effective cancer pain management in China.In seven tertiary hospitals across China,372 patients experiencing cancer pain were surveyed through a self-designed questionnaire to assess the factors associated with effective pain control.Patients'demographic data and pain control-related factors were recorded.Cluster sampling and binary logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between predictive factors and effective pain control.The survey showed that the majority of the patients were more than 45 years old(76.3%),and 64.4%had an average annual income of more than 20000 RMB.One-third of the patients suffered from cancer pain for more than 3 months,and 75.1%received professional guidance during medication.The barriers to pain control for patients included preference to enduring pain and refusing analgesics(62.9%),negligence towards drug usage(28.5%),concerns about the addiction(48.2%)and adverse reaction(56.4%).The average annual family income,pro fessional guidance,knowledge of pain medication,adherence to analgesics,and concerns about addiction to analgesics were significantly correlated to the effect of patients'pain control.The study presents major barriers to optimal pain control among patients with cancer in China.Our findings suggest that educational programs and medical insurance reimbursement support from the government are urgently needed to overcome the cognitive barriers toward effective pain management and to relieve the economic burden among patients with cancer pain in China.

多官能团端乙烯基酯-环氧树脂的性能

通过控制N,N,N′,N′-四缩水甘油基-4,4′-二氨基二苯甲烷(TGDDM)和丙烯酸(AA)的摩尔比(n(AA)/n(TGDDM)=1∶1、2∶1、3∶1、4∶1),合成了一系列同时含环氧基和乙烯基酯基的多官能团端乙烯基酯基-环氧树脂(MVE-EPs),分别命名为MVE-EP1、MVE-EP2、MVE-EP 3和MVER。系统研究了MVE-EPs树脂的工艺性能、固化性能、热性能、力学性能及结构形貌。研究发现,随着乙烯基酯基含量提高,相同温度下MVE-EPs树脂黏度降低,凝胶时间缩短。动态力学热分析结果表明,MVE-EPs树脂的储能模量(E′)和损耗角正切(tanδ)曲线只出现1个玻璃化转变温度(T_g),表明为均相体系;4种MVE-EPs树脂的T_g低于TGDDM,其中MVE-EP2最高。MVE-EPs树脂的分子结构中引入乙烯基酯基后,其强度和韧性均比TGDDM有明显提高。4种MVE-EPs树脂中,MVE-EP 3的力学强度最高,MVE-EP2的韧性最好。扫描电子显微镜结果表明,MVE-EPs树脂的冲击断裂面呈韧性断裂特征,而TGDDM树脂的冲击断裂面呈脆性断裂特征。

A Retrospective Analysis on 1330Adverse Event Reports of Qingkailing in China:Further Perception of Its Risks and Rational Use

Qingkailing (QKL)is a modern preparation exploited according to the traditional Chinese medicine theory.It becomes the second leading cause of adverse drug events (ADEs)in all traditional Chinese medicine injections.The safety evaluation and rational use of QKL are of special importance.This retrospective study used data from Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Center of Hubei Province in China from January 2012 to December 2014.ADE cases induced by QKL were collected and analyzed according to patients'demographics,characteristics of drugs involved,characteristics of ADEs,causality,and outcomes.A total of 1330 qualified ADEs were included.Most ADEs occurred within 30 min after administration and the 0-10 years old age group had the highest number of ADEs.The common ADEs included anaphylactic reaction,dyspnea and nausea.Serious reactions accounted for 5.19%.Combination with cephalosporin (74/146,50.69%) caused more ADEs than other drugs did.Serious attention should be paid when QKL is used for children,and combination with cephalosporin should be avoided.

Tetrahydroxy Stilbene Glucoside Ameliorates Cognitive Impairments and Pathology in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice

Cognitive impairment is the main clinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease(AD),and amyloid-β(AB)deposition and senile plaques are the characteristic neuropathological hallmarks in AD brains.This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside(TSG)on cognitive function in APP/PS 1 mice during long-term administration.Here,we treated APP/PS1 model mice of AD with different doses of TSG(50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg)for 5 to 17 months by gavage,and we further observed whether TSG could ameliorate the cognitive decline in APP/PS1 mice using behavioral tests,and investigated the possible mechanisms by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.Our results showed that TSG treatment rescued the spatial and non-spatial learning and memory impairments of APP/PS1 mice at Morris water maze test and novel object recognition test.Furthermore,Aβ40/42 deposition in the cortex and hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice treated with TSG was significantly reduced compared to the wild type mice using the immunohistochemical technique.Finally,Western blotting showed that TSG primarily decreased the APP expression to avoid the Aβplaque deposition in the cortex and hippocampus of mice.These results reveal the beneficial effects of TSG in APP/PSI-AD mice,which may be associated with the reduction of Aβdeposits in the brain.

单环套扎器辅助内镜下黏膜切除术治疗直肠小神经内分泌肿瘤的临床价值

目的评价单环套扎器辅助内镜下黏膜切除术(EMR)对直肠小神经内分泌肿瘤(NETs)的治疗价值。方法回顾性分析2016年10月-2019年12月在空军军医大学西京医院及西安市人民医院(西安市第四医院)消化内科经单环套扎器辅助EMR治疗的直肠小NETs患者的临床资料。记录病变部位、超声内镜(EUS)下表现、操作时间、病理结果、治疗结果、不良事件以及随访情况。结果共收集26例患者的26处病变。术前EUS检查结果显示3例病变来源于黏膜肌层,其余23例病变均来源于黏膜下层。26例病变均成功接受单环套扎器辅助EMR治疗,病变中位最长径为6.0 mm(5.0~10.0 mm);中位操作时间为5.0 min(3.0~13.0 min);病变完整切除率为100%,1例病变基底可疑残留。术后病理学检查结果显示24例WHO分级为G1级,2例分级为G2级;1例患者出现术中出血,2例患者出现术后迟发性出血,给予内镜下电凝止血后出血停止。1例患者存在肌层轻度损伤,无术中及术后穿孔发生。术后平均随访时间为24.7个月(8~36个月),均未出现复发或淋巴结及远处转移。结论在直肠小NETs的治疗中,使用单环套扎器辅助EMR操作简单省时,费用较低,是安全有效的微创治疗方法。