柔性整流罩结构刚度优化设计研究

长征二号丙运载火箭整流罩为开放式半硬壳结构,与运载火箭分离后坠入大气层,由于整流罩半罩的结构尺寸大,周向刚度低,再入大气层时,受外界气动载荷和自身动特性的影响,经常发生不同程度的解体,导致残骸落区范围较大,为地面的疏散保障工作带来诸多困难。为有效控制落区范围,实现整流罩半罩的完整降落,对整流罩半罩开展自由边界下的动刚度优化设计研究。由于整流罩再入过程中的受力状态和振动形式复杂多变,难以通过地面试验和理论计算进行有效模拟和评估,因此通过有限元分析技术,建立了整流罩半罩的有限元模型,通过对结构参数和布局等影响因素分析,得到了关键设计参数对结构频率的影响规律,然后以此为依据,对非约束状态下的整流罩半罩开展动刚度优化,实现了整流罩半罩固有频率的有效提升。

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞来源的胞外囊泡分离和鉴定

目的探讨大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞来源的胞外囊泡(BMSC-EV)的分离、鉴定及-80℃冻存对BMSC-EV膜结构完整性的影响。方法应用超高速离心法从大鼠BMSC培养上清液(BMSC-CS)中分离并纯化EV,扫描电镜和透射电镜观察其大小和形态;Western blot法检测EV标志性蛋白CD63的表达;-80℃冻存后,不同时间段通过透射电镜观察EV膜结构的完整性。结果扫描电镜观察BMSC表面附着有大量膜结构的EV,形态呈圆形或椭圆形,直径约50~1000 nm;透射电镜观察BMSC-EV具有膜结构,形态和大小与扫描电镜结果一致;Western blot结果表明,BMSC-EV表达CD63;-80℃冻存后,在第1个月和第3个月分别通过透射电镜观察BMSC-EV膜结构完整,而冻存第6个月BMSC-EV膜结构破裂。结论成功提取了BMSC-EV,且随着冻存时间的延长,其膜结构完整性降低。

MAWBP and MAWD inhibit proliferation and invasion in gastric cancer

AIM: To investigate role of putative mitogen-activated protein kinase activator with WD40 repeats (MAWD)/ MAWD binding protein (MAWBP) in gastric cancer (GC). METHODS: MAWBP and MAWD mRNA expression level was examined by real-time reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction and semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in six GC cell lines. Western blotting was used to examine the protein expression levels. We developed GC cells that stably overexpressed MAWBP and MAWD, and downregulated expression by RNA interference assay. Proliferation and migration of these GC cells were analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethyl2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), soft agar, tumorigenicity, migration and transwell assays. The effect of expression of MAWBP and MAWD on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT) was examined by transfection of MAWBP and MAWD into GC cells. We detected the levels of EMT markers E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Snail in GC cells overexpressing MAWBP and MAWD by Western blotting. The effect of MAWBP and MAWD on TGF-β signal was detected by analysis of phosphorylation level and nuclear translocation of Smad3 using Western blotting and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: Among the GC cell lines, expression of endogenous MAWBP and MAWD was lowest in SGC7901 cells and highest in BGC823 cells. MAWBP and MAWD were stably overexpressed in SGC7901 cells and knocked down in BGC823 cells. MAWBP and MAWD inhibited GC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo . MTT assay showed that overexpression of MAWBP and MAWD suppressed growth of SGC7901 cells (P < 0.001), while knockdown of these genes promoted growth of BGC823 cells (P < 0.001). Soft agar colony formation experiments showed that overexpression of MAWBP and MAWD alone or together reduced colony formation compared with vector group in SGC7901 (86.25±8.43, 12.75±4.49, 30±6.41 vs 336.75±22.55, P < 0.001), and knocked-down MAWBP and MAWD demonstrated opposite effects (131.25±16.54, 88.75±11.12, 341.75±22.23 vs 30.25±8.07, P < 0.001). Tumorigenicity experiments revealed that overexpressed MAWBP and MAWD inhibited GC cell proliferation in vivo (P < 0.001). MAWBP and MAWD also inhibited GC cell invasion. Transwell assay showed that the number of traverse cells of MAWBP, MAWD and coexpression group were more than that in vector group (84±16.57, 98.33±9.8, 29±16.39 vs 298±11.86, P < 0.001). Coexpression of MAWBP and MAWD significantly decreased the cells traversing the matrix membrane. Conversely, knocked-down MAWBP and MAWD correspondingly promoted invasion of GC cells (100.67±14.57, 72.66±8.51, 330.67±20.55 vs 27±11.53, P < 0.001). More importantly, coexpression of MAWBP and MAWD promoted EMT. Cells that coexpressed MAWBP and MAWD displayed a pebble-like shape and tight cell-cell adhesion, while vector cells showed a classical mesenchymal phenotype. Western blotting showed that expression of E-cadherin was increased, and expression of N-cadherin and Snail was decreased when cells coexpressed MAWBP and MAWD and were treated with TGF-β1. Nuclear translocation of p-Smad3 was reduced by attenuating its phosphorylation. CONCLUSION: Coexpression of MAWBP and MAWD inhibited EMT, and EMT-aided malignant cell progression was suppressed.

Overexpression of p42.3 promotes cell growth and tumorigenicity in hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM:To investigate the association of p42.3 expression with clinicopathological characteristics and the biological function of p42.3 in human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:We used reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),quantitative real-time RT-PCR and western blotting to detect p42.3 mRNA and protein expression in hepatic cell lines.We examined primary HCC samples and matched adjacent normal tissue by immunohistochemistry to investigate the correlation between p42.3 expression and clinicopathological features.HepG2 cells were transfected with a pIRES2EGFP-p42.3 expression vector to examine the function of the p42.3 gene.Transfected cells were analyzed for their viability and malignant transformation abilities by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay,colony formation assay,and tumorigenicity assay in nude mice.RESULTS:p42.3 is differentially expressed in primary HCC tumors and cell lines.Approximately 69.6%(96/138) of cells were p42.3-positive in hepatic tumor tissues,while 30.7%(35/114) were p42.3-positive in tumor-adjacent normal tissues.Clinicopathological characteristics of the HCC specimens revealed a significant correlation between p42.3 expression and tumor differentiation(P = 0.031).However,p42.3 positivity was not related to tumor tumor-node-metastasis classification,hepatitis B virus status,or hepatoma type.Regarding p42.3 overexpression in stably transfected HepG2 cells,we discovered significant enhancement of cancer cell growth and colony formation in vitro,and significantly enhanced tumorigenicity in nude mice.Western blot analysis of cell cycle proteins revealed that enhanced p42.3 levels promote upregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen,cyclin B1 and mitotic arrest deficient 2.CONCLUSION:p42.3 promotes tumorigenicity and tumor growth in HCC and may be a potential target for future clinical cancer therapeutics.

温度及酸碱度对中药代煎包装袋中DEHP迁移量的影响研究

目的研究中药代煎过程中,从中药代煎包装袋中迁移到中药煎液中的DEHP含量,分析中药煎液的温度和酸碱度的影响,为规范中药代煎流程提供一定的参考。方法模拟中药代煎灌装过程,将一定量中药煎液模拟液(水、4%乙酸)与中药代煎包装袋在梯度温度下分别水浴,提取模拟液中DEHP,利用气质联用色谱技术(GC-MS),定性定量DEHP的含量。结果GC-MS符合试验检测要求,标准曲线显示在0.05~5.00 mg/L呈良好线性关系,相关系数>0.998,DEHP检出限为0.002 mg/L。30~100℃的水浴温度下,中药代煎模拟液中均检出DEHP,分别为蒸馏水模拟液0.051~0.881 mg/kg,4%乙酸溶液模拟液0.002~0.125 mg/kg,DEHP的迁移量随水浴温度的升高而明显增大。结论灌装温度与中药代煎包装袋中DEHP的迁移量呈正相关,灌装温度越高,迁移量也越高。酸性环境能抑制DEHP的迁移。60℃以下温度灌装能有效降低DEHP在中性及偏酸性中药煎液模拟液中的迁移。

灌装温度对中药代煎包材中塑化剂迁移率的影响规律

目的研究中药代煎包材中邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂的迁移量随灌装温度的变化规律,为规范中药代煎流程提供一定的参考。方法检测中药代煎包材中17种常见邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂的含量;将蒸馏水煮沸后,在梯度温度下灌装到中药代煎包材中,采用气质联用色谱技术,定性定量各邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂的迁移率。结果GC-MS符合检测邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂的要求,标准曲线和相关系数显示,在0.05~5.00 mg/L呈良好线性关系,相关系数>0.998,检出限为0.002 mg/L。中药代煎包材检出的邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂及其含量为DEHP(0.122 mg/kg)、DBP(0.273 mg/kg)、DIBP(0.073 mg/kg)、DEP(0.024 mg/kg)和DMP(0.037 mg/kg),其他12种PAEs未检出。30~100℃的梯度温度灌装后,蒸馏水中检出的塑化剂及其迁移率分别为DEHP(0.14%~10.58%)、DBP(6.29%~20.76%)、DEP(ND^1.09%),其余未检出。结论GC-MS能够准确、快捷地检测中药代煎包材中邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂的含量;样品包材中PAEs及其迁移量符合GB96852016中相关要求;灌装温度与中药代煎包材中DEHP、DBP的迁移率呈正相关,灌装温度越高,DEHP、DBP的迁移率也越高;灌装温度对中药代煎包材中DIBP、DMP和DEP的迁移率没有显著影响。从减少塑化剂的迁移量和保证中药代煎效率的角度出发,中药代煎的灌装温度控制在60℃以下能显著降低DEHP、DBP的迁移量。

“医药分家”后宝山区药师职业倦怠现状调查与分析

目的 :分析"医药分家"时期药师的职业倦怠现状。方法 :对上海市宝山区30家公立医疗机构药剂科当日到岗药师进行问卷调查(个人信息简表和职业倦怠量表),以现场作答并回收的方式收集问卷,统计药师的情绪衰竭、去人性化和低成就感方面的情况及性别、婚姻情况、编制情况、年龄、工龄、学历、职务及月收入等对以上3个职业倦怠维度的影响。结果 :药师不同程度职业倦怠检出率为58.49%,其中中度以上职业倦怠率为52.45%;未婚、无编制、男性药师职业倦怠程度较高;年龄> 50岁或工龄> 20年的药师在情绪衰竭和职业倦怠维度的总分较高;大专以下学历药师在情绪衰竭、去人性化和职业倦怠维度的总分较高;药剂科负责人的情绪衰竭程度较高;收入<5 000元或者> 10 000元的药师职业倦怠程度较高。结论:"医药分家"的特殊时期,药师职业倦怠状况普遍较高,是职业倦怠较为严重的部门,需引起管理层和政策制定者的重视。

A Case Study of a Regional Torrential Rain in North China Caused by Typhoon Damrey (2012)

By using the NCEP/GFS analysis data, CIMISS data, JMA and China’s Typhoon Networks, heavy rainstorm occurred in east of North China associated with Typhoon Damrey from August 3rd to 4th, 2012 was analyzed. Results show during Damrey was going nearby Tianjin City and Hebei province of China, heavy rainstorm was observed in the cities of Qinhuangdao and Tangshan. The southerly jet stream from the southern side of the subtropical high and the periphery of Typhoon Saola is the conveyor belt for water vapor and energy, which enables Damrey to maintain for a long time and provide water vapor and heat conditions for rainfall in east of North China. The structure of Damrey caused a strong updraft in east of North China with a K-index greater than 35°C, which provided a favorable condition for the heavy rainstorm. The typhoon rainstorms in North China are the result of the interaction of the westerly, subtropical and tropical systems. In this heavy rain period, there was an obvious interaction between subtropical and tropical systems. This study has investigated the interaction between the northwestern Pacific typhoon and the North China heavy rainstorm, including the circulation characteristics of the typhoon and North China before and after the regional heavy rainstorm. Additionally, the climate background provides a reliable basis for the heavy rain forecast.

运载火箭连接强度有限元分析研究

The strength of the connection structure has always been a key issue in the structural design of a launch vehicle.In this paper,the finite element analysis method is used for the strength of typical connection structures of a new launch vehicle.The research scope includes the inter-stage connection structure and the bundle connection structure.Aiming at establishing the strength of these two connection structures under flight conditions,we built a refined finite element model,simulated the bolt tensile test and obtained a calculation criteria,and carried out finite element analysis of the connection structures under flight conditions.As a result,we not only established the analysis and evaluation method of the connection structures based on the refined finite element modeling analysis,but also provided a fast numerical simulation design method for the development of the launch vehicle’s connection structures,which greatly improved the design efficiency and reduced the design risk.

“在哪里”和“有多少”? 中国雪豹调查与空缺

雪豹(Panthera uncia)分布广泛且调查难度较大,全世界的雪豹研究面临的首要问题是雪豹基础数据的缺乏。本文通过检索1980至2018年已发表的含有中国境内雪豹分布和密度信息的中英文文章共35篇,从中提取出雪豹的分布与密度信息,其中含有密度估计的文献18篇。同时,来自雪豹调查的15位一线成员通过填写表格和问卷的形式提供了28个地块上未发表的雪豹密度调查信息。基于此,我们逐一分析了各省份已有的雪豹调查现状和存在的调查空缺,发现雪豹分布调查的两大空白区域主要存在于与吉尔吉斯斯坦接壤的西天山地区和西藏南部的冈底斯–念青唐古拉山山脉和喜马拉雅山脉。相对我国雪豹栖息地总面积,有过密度估算的面积仅占1.7%,仍然处于刚刚起步的阶段,并且已有的密度调查几乎都是在质量较好的雪豹栖息地内进行的。今后除了需要继续努力收集汇总已有的调查结果,仍然需要在雪豹分布区(特别是空缺区域)内增加调查。

中国雪豹的威胁与保护现状

大部分保护机构只有能力在特定种群层面上保护大型食肉动物,而物种的灭绝风险却是在全球尺度进行评估的。因此,要填补这一尺度断层,多机构的工作与意见汇总非常必要。本研究综合了文献和18家中国雪豹(Panthera uncia)研究与保护机构共24位一线工作人员提供的信息,经过两次集体讨论和填写评分表格的方式,识别出21种威胁因素,在全国层面和青海、西藏、新疆、四川和甘肃5个主要雪豹分布省区层面对威胁进行了排序,并汇总了各保护机构实施的17项保护行动,以及各项行动所应对的威胁。全国评分前三的威胁依次是基层保护部门能力不足(9.5分)、气候变化(8.0分)、当地社区保护动力不足(6.8分),不同省区的威胁排序则体现出很大差异性。其中,目前仍没有任何行动措施应对气候变化。虽然已有一些保护行动来应对基层保护能力不足和当地社区保护动力不足的问题,如保护区能力建设、开展社区监测等,但行动的覆盖尺度仍远远不够。

Amplification of the miR-181c/d cluster is inversely correlated with PDCD4 expression in gastric cancer

miR-181c/d is dysregulated in gastric cancer(GC).We investigated the amplification and expression of miR-181c/d and its predicted target genes in GC.Amplification of miR-181c/d was quantified by genomic real-time PCR in GC and adjacent normal tissues,as well as the levels of mature miR-181c/d was performed by real-time PCR in the same tissues.The potential target genes of miR-181c/d were predicted using bioinformatics software.Expression of one potential target gene,PDCD4,was measured by semiquantitative RT-PCR,real-time PCR,and immunohistochemistry.Next,the relationship between miR181c/d expression and PDCD4 expression was analyzed.Results indicated that the amplification and expression of miR-181c/d were significantly higher in GC than in adjacent normal tissues(primary miR-181c/d,P\0.001;miR-181c,P=0.0344;miR-181d,P=0.0153),and there was a strong correlation between mature miR-181c/d and primary miR-181c/d.Thirty-two target genes were predicted,including PDCD4 which is a known tumor suppressor gene.Expression of PDCD4 was significantly down-regulated in GC as compared to adjacent normal tissues and was inversely correlated with miR-181c/d expression in GC(miR-181c and PDCD4:R=-0.496,P=0.008;miR-181d and PDCD4:R=-0.454,P=0.003).Therefore,miR-181c/d may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of GC by downregulating PDCD4 expression.

Characterization and validation of somatic mutation spectrum to reveal heterogeneity in gastric cancer by single cell sequencing

Gastric cancer(GC) is a highly heterogeneous disease with multiple cellular types and poor prognosis.However, the cellular evolution and molecular basis of GC at the individual intra-tumor level has not been well demonstrated. We performed single-cell whole exome sequencing to detect somatic singlenucleotide variants(SNVs) and significantly mutated genes(SMGs) among 34 tumor cells and 9 normal cells from a patient with GC. The Complete Prediction for Protein Conformation(CPPC) approach directly predicting the folding conformation of the protein 3D structure with Protein Folding Shape Code, combined with functional experiments were used to confirm the characterization of mutated SMGs in GC cells. We identified 201 somatic SNVs, including 117 non-synonymous mutations in GC cells. Further analysis identified 24 significant mutated genes(SMGs) in single cells, for which a single amino acid change might affect protein conformation. Among them, two genes(CDC27 and FLG) that were mutated only in single cells but not in the corresponding tumor tissue, were recurrently present in another GC tissue cohort, and may play a potential role to promote carcinogenesis, as confirmed by functional characterization. Our findings showed a mutational landscape of GC at intra-tumor level for the first time and provided opportunities for understanding the heterogeneity and individualized target therapy for this disease.

Identification of Differentially-expressed Genes in Intestinal Gastric Cancer by Microarray Analysis

Gastric cancer（GC） is one of the most frequent malignant tumors. In order to systematically characterize the cellular and molecular mechanisms of intestinal GC development,in this study, we used 22 K oligonucleotide microarrays and bioinformatics analysis to evaluate the gene expression profiles of GC in 45 tissue samples, including 20 intestinal GC tissue samples,20 normal appearing tissues（NATs） adjacent to tumors and 5 noncancerous gastric mucosa tissue samples. These profiles allowed us to explore the transcriptional characteristics of GC and determine the change patterns in gene expression that may be of clinical significance. 1519 and 1255 differentially-expressed genes（DEGs） were identified in intestinal GC tissues and NATs, respectively,as determined by Bayesian analysis（P 〈 0.001）. These genes were associated with diverse functions such as mucosa secretion, metabolism, proliferation, signaling and development, which occur at different stages of GC development.

Relationship of tropical-cyclone-induced remote precipitation with tropical cyclones and the subtropical high

This study concerns the precipitation induced by a tropical cyclone （TC） before the TC arrives, which will be referred to as TC remote precipitation （TRP）. Based on the distribution characteristics of the non-rotational wind and the divergent-wind vertical circulation related to TC, the subtropical high, and TRP of 45 TRP events during June, July, and August of 2000-2009, the relationships among these three entities （TC, subtropical high, and TRP） can be categorized into four patterns. The first pattern accounts for the highest proportion of the TRP events （59%）, and a conceptual model is then provided for this pattern. The primary characteristics of this model are as follows： TC, the subtropical high, and TRP can interact with each other through the divergent-wind secondary circulation at both sides of the ridge line of the subtropical high （between the subtropical high and TC, and between the subtropical high and TRP）. At the upper level （150 or 200 hPa）, the northward non-rotational wind from the TC converged toward the subtropical high ridge line and subsided, and at 950 hPa the divergent wind from the ridge line of the subtropical high converged toward TC; these constructed the secondary circulation between TC and the subtropical high. In the meantime, the southward non- rotational wind at the upper level （150 or 200hPa） from TRP and the divergent wind at 950hPa from the subtropical high ridge line toward TRP constructed the secondary circulation between TRP and the subtropical high. As TC and TRP interacted with each other, the subtropical high ridge line was usually under the down- draft area of the whole atmosphere. The other three patterns are different from the first pattern mainly in terms of the intensity and position of the non-rotational-wind secondary circulation. The numerical simulation of the Beijing 7.21 rainstorm confirmed the relationship amongTC, the subtropical high, and TRP, indicating that when the interaction weakened, the TRP also weakened.

Comparison between UV and VUV photolysis for the pre- and post-treatment of coking wastewater

In this study, ultraviolet （UV） and vacuum ultraviolet （VUV） photolysis were investigated for the pre-treatment and post-treatment of coking wastewater. First, B-fold diluted raw coking wastewater was irradiated by UV and VUV. It was found that 15.9%-35.4% total organic carbon （TOC） was removed after 24 hr irradiation. The irradiated effluent could be degraded by the acclimated activated sludge. Even though the VUV photolysis removed more chemical oxygen demand （COD） than UV, the UV-irradiated effluent demonstrated better biodegradability. After 4 hr UV irradiation, the biological oxygen demand BODs/COD ratio of irradiated coking wastewater increased from 0.163 to 0.224, and its toxicity decreased to the greatest extent. Second, the biologically treated coking wastewater was irradiated by UV and VUV. Both of them were able to remove 37%-47% TOC within 8 hr irradiation. Compared to UV, VUV photolysis could significantly improve the transparency of the bio-treated effluent. VUV also reduced 7% more ammonia nitrogen （NH4^＋-N）, 17% more nitrite nitrogen （NO2^--N）, and 18% more total nitrogen （TN） than UV, producing 35% less nitrite nitrogen （NO3^--N） as a result. In conclusion, UV irradiation was better in improving the biodegradability of coking wastewater, while VUV was more effective at photolyzing the residual organic compounds and inorganic N-species in the bio-treated effluent.

上海市中药代煎用包装膜材中邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂含量的调查与分析

目的:调查和分析上海市中药代煎行业中药代煎用塑料包装膜材中邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)塑化剂的含量及临床风险。方法:采用随机抽样调查法抽取上海市中药代煎服务公司共30批次的中药代煎包装膜材,采用气质联用法(GC-MS)检测中药代煎包装膜材中PAEs的含量。结果:各成分在0.01~5.00 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数>0.998,检出限为0.002 mg/L。根据相关法规,30批中药代煎包装膜材中,PAEs含量的合格率仅为20%,主要原因是邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯等含量超标。结论:该GC-MS法符合检测PAEs塑化剂的要求。上海市中药代煎行业中部分中药煎液包装膜材中PAEs含量存在超标现象,给代煎药的质量和服药患者的健康带来了隐患,期望相关部门加强和规范对中药代煎行业塑料包装膜材的监管。