Overexpression of CD155 is associated with PD-1 and PD-L1 expression on immune cells,rather than tumor cells in the breast cancer microenvironment

BACKGROUND CD155 is an immune checkpoint protein in cancers and interacts with ligands to regulate the immune microenvironment.The expression of CD155 is correlated with the prognosis and pathological features of breast cancer.AIM To investigate the expression status of CD155 and the association with exhausted CD4+helper and CD8+cytotoxic tumor infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)and PD-L1 in the breast cancer microenvironment.METHODS One hundred and twenty-six breast cancer patients with invasive ductal breast cancer were consecutively recruited into this study.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression CD155,PD-L1 and PD-1 on tumor-infiltrating immune cells and tumor cells in the microenvironment.RESULTS The proportion of patients with CD155 expression was higher in triple negative breast cancer(72.7%)than in Luminal A patients(22.2%,P<0.05).Patients with positive CD155 expression had a higher percentage of CD4+/PD-1+helper TILs(30%)than patients with negative CD155 expression(21%,P<0.05).Patients with positive CD155 expression also had higher cell counts of exhausted CD4+TILs[47 vs 20/high-power fields(HPF)]and unexhausted CD8+TILs(30 vs 17/HPF)than patients with negative expression(P<0.05).CD155 expression was correlated with increased PD-L1 expression in immune cells,0.8%and 0.02%immune cells expressed PD-L1 in patients with positive and negative CD155 expression,respectively(P<0.05).CONCLUSION CD155 was related to an inhibitory immune breast cancer microenvironment.CD155 was associated with a high proportion of exhausted CD4+and unexhausted CD8+TILs and high PD-L1 expression in immune cells.

Aggregation-induced Emission of Non-conjugated Poly(amido amine)s:Discovering,Luminescent Mechanism Understanding and Bioapplication

It is found that the fluorescence of aliphatic poly（amido amine）s including linear and hyperbranched ones can be dramatically enhanced by simple aggregation of polymer chains, attributing to the formation of a variety of intra- and interchain clusters with shared lone-pair electrons and the restriction of intramolecular motions. Thanks to the combination of strong solid fluorescence and excellent biocompatibility, these non-conjugated polymers become promising candidates for bioimaging such as bacterial detection. This finding not only extends the aggregation-induced emission（AIE） systems from conjugated compounds to non-conjugated materials, which expands the bioapplication range of AIE systems, but also sheds light on the exploration of novel unconventional luminogens.