Clinical and electroencephalogram characteristics and treatment outcomes in children with benign epilepsy and centrotemporal spikes

BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a syndrome characterized by transient,rigid,paroxysmal,and repetitive central nervous system dysfunction.Prevention,control,and improvement of cognitive and behavioral dysfunction are of great significance for improving the patients’intellectual development and quality of life.Electroencephalograms(EEG)can predict an accelerated decline in cognitive function.AIM To determine the clinical and EEG characteristics and treatment results of benign epilepsy in spiking children.METHODS A total of 106 cases of benign epilepsy in children with myocardial spines treated at our hospital from January 2017 to January 2020 were selected.Differences in clinical data and EGG characteristics between treatment-effective/-ineffective patients were analyzed,and children’s intellectual development before and after treatment evaluated using the Gesell Development Diagnostic Scale.RESULTS EEG showed that the discharge proportion in the awake and sleep periods was 66.04%,and the peak/peak discharge was mainly single-sided,accounting for 81.13%,while the discharge generalization accounted for 31.13%.There was no significant difference in any of these variables between sexes and ages(P>0.05).The proportion of patients with early onset(<5 years old)and seizure frequency>3 times/half a year was 40.00%and 60.00%,respectively;the incidence rate and seizure frequency in the younger age group(<5 years old)were significantly higher than those in the treatment-effective group(P<0.05),while the discharge index was significantly lower than that in the treatment-effective group(P<0.05).The discharge index was negatively correlated with fine motor skill and language development(r=-0.274 and-0.247,respectively;P<0.05),but not with the rest(P>0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that low age onset(<5 years old)and seizure frequency were the factors affecting ineffective-treatment of benign epilepsy in children(odds ratio=11.304 and 5.784,respectively;P<0.05).The discharge index of the responsive group after treatment was significantly lower than that of the unresponsive group(P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference between groups after treatment in gross and fine motor skills,adaptability,language,and personal social development(P>0.05).CONCLUSION The EEG of children with benign epilepsy due to spinal wave in central time zone has characteristic changes,and the therapeutic effect is influenced by age of onset and attack frequency.

Mechanism of Radix isatidis in influencing pulmonary inflammation in tuberculosis rats by TLR4-NF-κB pathway

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of the effects of Radix isatidis on lung inflammation in tuberculosis rats through TLR4-NF-κB pathway.Methods:Forty-five SD rats were randomly divided into three groups(n=15 in each group):control group,model group,and isatis root polysaccharide group.Through the tail vein injection of H37RV Mycobacterium tuberculosis model,the rats in the isatis root polysaccharide group received the intervention of Radix isatidis polysaccharides on the second day of infection.The serum inflammatory factors and the expression levels of TLR4-NF-κB pathway and inflammatory factors in lung tissue of each group were detected and compared.Results:A large number of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the lung tissue of the model group,and clustered outside the cell.In the isatis root polysaccharide group,the CFU level was significantly lower compared with the model group,and the number of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was less than that of the model group(P<0.05),mainly distributed in tuberculous nodules and giant cells.The level of serum inflammatory factors in the model group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and IFN-γin the serum of the isatis root polysaccharide group were significantly lower than those in the model group and significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The TLR4-NF-κB pathway and inflammatory factor mRNA levels in the lung tissue of the model group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).The levels of TLR4,NF-κB,IL-1β,IL-6 and IFN-γin the lung tissue of the isatis root polysaccharide group were significantly lower than those of the model group and significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).The expression level of TLR4-NF-κB pathway was significantly up-regulated in the lung tissue of model rats(P<0.05).The levels of TLR4 and NF-κB in the lung tissue of the isatis root polysaccharide group were significantly lower than those of the model group and significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Radix isatidis can alleviate lung inflammation caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by regulating TLR4-NF-κB pathway.