Most current studies quantify axon regeneration by immunostaining regeneration-associated proteins,representing indirect measurement of axon lengths from both sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia and motor neuro...Most current studies quantify axon regeneration by immunostaining regeneration-associated proteins,representing indirect measurement of axon lengths from both sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia and motor neurons in the spinal cord.Our recently developed method of in vivo electroporation of plasmid DNA encoding for enhanced green fluorescent protein into adult sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia provides a way to directly and specifically measure regenerating sensory axon lengths in whole-mount nerves.A mouse model of sciatic nerve compression was established by squeezing the sciatic nerve with tweezers.Plasmid DNA carrying enhanced green fluorescent protein was transfected by ipsilateral dorsal root ganglion electroporation 2 or 3 days before injury.Fluorescence distribution of dorsal root or sciatic nerve was observed by confocal microscopy.At 12 and 18 hours,and 1,2,3,4,5,and 6 days of injury,lengths of regenerated axons after sciatic nerve compression were measured using green fluorescence images.Apoptosis-related protein caspase-3 expression in dorsal root ganglia was determined by western blot assay.We found that in vivo electroporation did not affect caspase-3 expression in dorsal root ganglia.Dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerves were successfully removed and subjected to a rapid tissue clearing technique.Neuronal soma in dorsal root ganglia expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein or fluorescent dye-labeled microRNAs were imaged after tissue clearing.The results facilitate direct time course analysis of peripheral nerve axon regeneration.This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Guilin Medical University,China(approval No.GLMC201503010)on March 7,2014.展开更多
Lung disease is the disease of the lung itself or lung manifestations of other diseases,including COPD,PTE,CAP,etc.In recent years,the incidence rate has been increased year after year.Many of these diseases have hidd...Lung disease is the disease of the lung itself or lung manifestations of other diseases,including COPD,PTE,CAP,etc.In recent years,the incidence rate has been increased year after year.Many of these diseases have hidden onset and complicated causes.Therefore,accurate diagnosis and treatment are very important.Studies have shown that RDW is closely linked to the diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases.This article analyzes the research on RDW and lung diseases at home and abroad,and briefly summarizes the diagnosis,severity and clinical prognosis of lung diseases by RDW,hoping to provide useful clues and reliable basis for clinical workers,to provide assistance for further application research of RDW in lung diseases.展开更多
Background： Smoking and body mass index （BMI） are the key risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. Adiponectin with both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory properties is a vital modulato...Background： Smoking and body mass index （BMI） are the key risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. Adiponectin with both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory properties is a vital modulator of inflammatory processes, which is expressed in epithelial cells in the airway in COPD-emphysema. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of adiponectin on tobacco smoke-induced emphysema in rats, which were fed different diets. Methods： Seventy-six adult （6-8 weeks old） male Sprague-Dawley rats （average weight 220 ± 20 g） were exposed to smoke or smoke-free room atmosphere and fed different diets （regular, high-fat, or low-fat diets） for 6 months. The rats were randomly divided into six groups. They are nonsmoke-exposed regular diet （n = 10）, nonsmoke-exposed high-fat diet （n - 14）, nonsmoke-exposed low-fat diet （n = 14）, smoke-exposed regular diet （n = 10）, smoke-exposed high-fat diet （n = 14）, and smoke-exposed low-fat diet groups （n = 14）. A full 23 factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of independent variables on smoke exposure and different rearing methods. Serum adiponectin and inflammatory cytokines were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Results： Serum adiponectin levels in rats fed low-fat and regular diets exposed to smoke exposure were remarkably higher than that of rats exposed to room air while serum adiponectin levels of fat-rich diet rats exposed to tobacco smoke were lower than that of rats exposed to room air. Compared with regular diet or low-fat diet group, serum adiponectin levels in high-fat diet rats exposed to tobacco smoke were lower （t = 6.932, 11.026; all P 〈 0.001 ）. BMI was inversely correlated with serum adiponectin levels （r = -0.751, P = 0.012）. Serum interleukin 6 （IL-6）, tumor necrosis factor-or （TNF-a）, and 4-hydroxy 2-nonenal （HNE） levels in rats exposed to low-fat or fat-rich diets were remarkably higher than that of rats exposed to normal diets （IL-6, t = 4.196, 3.480; P 〈 0.01, P = 0.001 ; TNF-a, t = 4.286, 3.521 ; P 〈 0.01, P = 0.001; 4-HNE, t = 4.298, 4.316; all P 〈 0.001）. In nonhigh-fat diet rats exposed to tobacco smoke, serum adiponectin levels correlated positively with serum IL-6, TNF-ct, and 4-HNE, bronchoalveolar lavage cell count, and mean linear intercept. In contrast, in high-fat diet rats, serum adiponectin levels correlated inversely with these parameters. Conclusions： In smoke-induced emphysema and fat-rich diet rat model, serum adiponectin level was decreased, and the anti-inflammatory effect was attenuated. By contrast, nonhigh-fat diet elevated serum adiponectin and enhanced the role of pro-inflammatory.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81460198,31260233the National Institute of Health of the United States of American,No.R01NS064288,R01NS085176,R01EY027347(to FQZ)the Craig H.Neilson Foundation,the Bright Focus Foundation(to FQZ)
文摘Most current studies quantify axon regeneration by immunostaining regeneration-associated proteins,representing indirect measurement of axon lengths from both sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia and motor neurons in the spinal cord.Our recently developed method of in vivo electroporation of plasmid DNA encoding for enhanced green fluorescent protein into adult sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia provides a way to directly and specifically measure regenerating sensory axon lengths in whole-mount nerves.A mouse model of sciatic nerve compression was established by squeezing the sciatic nerve with tweezers.Plasmid DNA carrying enhanced green fluorescent protein was transfected by ipsilateral dorsal root ganglion electroporation 2 or 3 days before injury.Fluorescence distribution of dorsal root or sciatic nerve was observed by confocal microscopy.At 12 and 18 hours,and 1,2,3,4,5,and 6 days of injury,lengths of regenerated axons after sciatic nerve compression were measured using green fluorescence images.Apoptosis-related protein caspase-3 expression in dorsal root ganglia was determined by western blot assay.We found that in vivo electroporation did not affect caspase-3 expression in dorsal root ganglia.Dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerves were successfully removed and subjected to a rapid tissue clearing technique.Neuronal soma in dorsal root ganglia expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein or fluorescent dye-labeled microRNAs were imaged after tissue clearing.The results facilitate direct time course analysis of peripheral nerve axon regeneration.This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Guilin Medical University,China(approval No.GLMC201503010)on March 7,2014.
基金Fund project:Health and family planning commission of Shanxi province(No.2018GW03)。
文摘Lung disease is the disease of the lung itself or lung manifestations of other diseases,including COPD,PTE,CAP,etc.In recent years,the incidence rate has been increased year after year.Many of these diseases have hidden onset and complicated causes.Therefore,accurate diagnosis and treatment are very important.Studies have shown that RDW is closely linked to the diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases.This article analyzes the research on RDW and lung diseases at home and abroad,and briefly summarizes the diagnosis,severity and clinical prognosis of lung diseases by RDW,hoping to provide useful clues and reliable basis for clinical workers,to provide assistance for further application research of RDW in lung diseases.
基金a grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Background： Smoking and body mass index （BMI） are the key risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. Adiponectin with both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory properties is a vital modulator of inflammatory processes, which is expressed in epithelial cells in the airway in COPD-emphysema. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of adiponectin on tobacco smoke-induced emphysema in rats, which were fed different diets. Methods： Seventy-six adult （6-8 weeks old） male Sprague-Dawley rats （average weight 220 ± 20 g） were exposed to smoke or smoke-free room atmosphere and fed different diets （regular, high-fat, or low-fat diets） for 6 months. The rats were randomly divided into six groups. They are nonsmoke-exposed regular diet （n = 10）, nonsmoke-exposed high-fat diet （n - 14）, nonsmoke-exposed low-fat diet （n = 14）, smoke-exposed regular diet （n = 10）, smoke-exposed high-fat diet （n = 14）, and smoke-exposed low-fat diet groups （n = 14）. A full 23 factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of independent variables on smoke exposure and different rearing methods. Serum adiponectin and inflammatory cytokines were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Results： Serum adiponectin levels in rats fed low-fat and regular diets exposed to smoke exposure were remarkably higher than that of rats exposed to room air while serum adiponectin levels of fat-rich diet rats exposed to tobacco smoke were lower than that of rats exposed to room air. Compared with regular diet or low-fat diet group, serum adiponectin levels in high-fat diet rats exposed to tobacco smoke were lower （t = 6.932, 11.026; all P 〈 0.001 ）. BMI was inversely correlated with serum adiponectin levels （r = -0.751, P = 0.012）. Serum interleukin 6 （IL-6）, tumor necrosis factor-or （TNF-a）, and 4-hydroxy 2-nonenal （HNE） levels in rats exposed to low-fat or fat-rich diets were remarkably higher than that of rats exposed to normal diets （IL-6, t = 4.196, 3.480; P 〈 0.01, P = 0.001 ; TNF-a, t = 4.286, 3.521 ; P 〈 0.01, P = 0.001; 4-HNE, t = 4.298, 4.316; all P 〈 0.001）. In nonhigh-fat diet rats exposed to tobacco smoke, serum adiponectin levels correlated positively with serum IL-6, TNF-ct, and 4-HNE, bronchoalveolar lavage cell count, and mean linear intercept. In contrast, in high-fat diet rats, serum adiponectin levels correlated inversely with these parameters. Conclusions： In smoke-induced emphysema and fat-rich diet rat model, serum adiponectin level was decreased, and the anti-inflammatory effect was attenuated. By contrast, nonhigh-fat diet elevated serum adiponectin and enhanced the role of pro-inflammatory.
