A joint call for actions to advance taxonomy in China

Taxonomy plays an important role in understanding the origin, evolution, and ecological functionality of biodiversity. There are large number of unknown species yet to be described by taxonomists, which together with their ecosystem services cannot be effectively protected prior to description. Despite this, taxonomy has been increasingly underrated insufficient funds and permanent positions to retain young talents. Further, the impact factordriven evaluation systems in China exacerbate this downward trend, so alternative evaluation metrics are urgently necessary. When the current generation of outstanding taxonomists retires,there will be too few remaining taxonomists left to train the next generation. In light of these challenges, all co-authors worked together on this paper to analyze the current situation of taxonomy and put out a joint call for immediate actions to advance taxonomy in China.

A review on nutritional advantages of edible mushrooms and its industrialization development situation in protein meat analogues

Animal meat is one of the major,high-quality protein sources in human food.The rapid economic development is accompanied by increasing demand for meat,which puts pressure on the global meat supply but also gives room for the development of the meat substitute market.Edible mushrooms are high in protein,rich in nutrients,and do not require large amounts of land for cultivation,making them an ideal raw material for the production of meat analogues.This paper introduces the nutritional properties of edible mushrooms from 4 perspectives:nutrients,active ingredients,allergens and flavor-presenting substances,and summarizes their unique nutritional advantages by comparing them with animal meat and plant-based meat analogue,and finally analyzes the industrialization development situation of edible mushroom protein meat analogues in China and abroad.In conclusion,edible mushrooms are very suitable for making meat analogues and are expected to become another major raw material after beans,cereals and other plant-based meat raw materials.The edible mushroom industry will have a promising future.

Classes and phyla of the kingdom Fungi

Fungi are one of the most diverse groups of organisms with an estimated number of species in the range of 2–3 million.The higher-level ranking of fungi has been discussed in the framework of molecular phylogenetics since Hibbett et al.,and the definition and the higher ranks(e.g.,phyla)of the‘true fungi’have been revised in several subsequent publications.Rapid accumulation of novel genomic data and the advancements in phylogenetics now facilitate a robust and precise foundation for the higher-level classification within the kingdom.This study provides an updated classification of the kingdom Fungi,drawing upon a comprehensive phylogenomic analysis of Holomycota,with which we outline well-supported nodes of the fungal tree and explore more contentious groupings.We accept 19 phyla of Fungi,viz.Aphelidiomycota,Ascomycota,Basidiobolomycota,Basidiomycota,Blastocladiomycota,Calcarisporiellomycota,Chytridiomycota,Entomophthoromycota,Entorrhizomycota,Glomeromycota,Kickxellomycota,Monoblepharomycota,Mortierellomycota,Mucoromycota,Neocallimastigomycota,Olpidiomycota,Rozellomycota,Sanchytriomycota,and Zoopagomycota.In the phylogenies,Caulochytriomycota resides in Chytridiomycota;thus,the former is regarded as a synonym of the latter,while Caulochytriomycetes is viewed as a class in Chytridiomycota.We provide a description of each phylum followed by its classes.A new subphylum,Sanchytriomycotina Karpov is introduced as the only subphylum in Sanchytriomycota.The subclass Pneumocystomycetidae Kirk et al.in Pneumocystomycetes,Ascomycota is invalid and thus validated.Placements of fossil fungi in phyla and classes are also discussed,providing examples.