Biliary tract cancers(BTCs)are a group of malignant neoplasms that have recently increased in incidence and have a poor prognosis.Surgery is the only curative therapy.However,most patients are only indicated for palli...Biliary tract cancers(BTCs)are a group of malignant neoplasms that have recently increased in incidence and have a poor prognosis.Surgery is the only curative therapy.However,most patients are only indicated for palliative therapy because of advanced-stage disease at diagnosis and rapid progression.The current first-line treatment for advanced BTC is gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy.Nonetheless,many patients develop resistance to this regimen.Over the years,few chemotherapy regimens have managed to improve the overall survival of patients.Accordingly,novel therapies such as targeted therapy have been introduced to treat this patient population.Extensive research on tumorigenesis and the genetic profiling of BTC have revealed the heterogenicity and potential target pathways,such as EGFR,VEGF,MEK/ERK,PI3K and mTOR.Moreover,mutational analysis has documented the presence of IDH1,FGFR2,HER2,PRKACA,PRKACB,BRAF,and KRAS gene aberrations.The emergence of immunotherapy in recent years has expanded the treatment landscape for this group of malignancies.Cancer vaccines,adoptive cell transfer,and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been extensively investigated in trials of BTC.Therefore,patient stratification and a combination of various therapies have become a reasonable and important clinical strategy to improve patient outcomes.This review elaborates the literature on combined treatment strategies for advanced BTC from the past few years and ongoing clinical trials to provide new inspiration for the treatment of advanced BTC.展开更多
Based on the Rydberg cascade electromagnetically induced transparency,we propose a simultaneous dual-wavelength locking method for Rydberg atomic sensing at room temperature.The simplified frequency-locking configurat...Based on the Rydberg cascade electromagnetically induced transparency,we propose a simultaneous dual-wavelength locking method for Rydberg atomic sensing at room temperature.The simplified frequency-locking configuration uses only one signal generator and one electro-optic modulator,realizing real-time feedback for both lasers.We studied the effect of the different probe and coupling laser powers on the error signal.In addition,the Allan variance and a 10 kHz amplitudemodulated signal are introduced to evaluate the performance of the laser frequency stabilization.In principle,the laser frequency stabilization method presented here can be extended to any cascade Rydberg atomic system.展开更多
Based on Autler–Townes splitting and AC Stark shifts,we present a Rydberg atom-based receiver for determining the amplitude modulation(AM)frequency among a wideband carrier range utilizing a cesium atomic vapor cell....Based on Autler–Townes splitting and AC Stark shifts,we present a Rydberg atom-based receiver for determining the amplitude modulation(AM)frequency among a wideband carrier range utilizing a cesium atomic vapor cell.To verify this approach,we measured the signal-to-noise ratio and the data capacity with a 10 kHz AM frequency in the carrier range from 2 GHz to 18 GHz.Without changing the lasers,the working band can be easily extended to a higher range by optimizing the feed antenna and experimental configurations.展开更多
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81502530,No.82172976)。
文摘Biliary tract cancers(BTCs)are a group of malignant neoplasms that have recently increased in incidence and have a poor prognosis.Surgery is the only curative therapy.However,most patients are only indicated for palliative therapy because of advanced-stage disease at diagnosis and rapid progression.The current first-line treatment for advanced BTC is gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy.Nonetheless,many patients develop resistance to this regimen.Over the years,few chemotherapy regimens have managed to improve the overall survival of patients.Accordingly,novel therapies such as targeted therapy have been introduced to treat this patient population.Extensive research on tumorigenesis and the genetic profiling of BTC have revealed the heterogenicity and potential target pathways,such as EGFR,VEGF,MEK/ERK,PI3K and mTOR.Moreover,mutational analysis has documented the presence of IDH1,FGFR2,HER2,PRKACA,PRKACB,BRAF,and KRAS gene aberrations.The emergence of immunotherapy in recent years has expanded the treatment landscape for this group of malignancies.Cancer vaccines,adoptive cell transfer,and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been extensively investigated in trials of BTC.Therefore,patient stratification and a combination of various therapies have become a reasonable and important clinical strategy to improve patient outcomes.This review elaborates the literature on combined treatment strategies for advanced BTC from the past few years and ongoing clinical trials to provide new inspiration for the treatment of advanced BTC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61901495 and 12104509)the Scientific Research Project of National University of Defense Technology(Nos.ZK19-20 and ZK20-13)。
文摘Based on the Rydberg cascade electromagnetically induced transparency,we propose a simultaneous dual-wavelength locking method for Rydberg atomic sensing at room temperature.The simplified frequency-locking configuration uses only one signal generator and one electro-optic modulator,realizing real-time feedback for both lasers.We studied the effect of the different probe and coupling laser powers on the error signal.In addition,the Allan variance and a 10 kHz amplitudemodulated signal are introduced to evaluate the performance of the laser frequency stabilization.In principle,the laser frequency stabilization method presented here can be extended to any cascade Rydberg atomic system.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12104509 and 61901495).
文摘Based on Autler–Townes splitting and AC Stark shifts,we present a Rydberg atom-based receiver for determining the amplitude modulation(AM)frequency among a wideband carrier range utilizing a cesium atomic vapor cell.To verify this approach,we measured the signal-to-noise ratio and the data capacity with a 10 kHz AM frequency in the carrier range from 2 GHz to 18 GHz.Without changing the lasers,the working band can be easily extended to a higher range by optimizing the feed antenna and experimental configurations.
