The Challenges and Opportunities of Buddhist Music Discipline in a New Era-The Practice and Application of Mind and Body System in Chinese Buddhist Chanting

Religious music is an inevitable and important topic when exploring the significance of the“new”or“deep”dimension of religion or spirituality.Traditional Chinese culture influenced Chinese Buddhist chanting practices,developing special melodies,languages,and meaning,and establishing special mind and body practice system spanning thousands of years.Advances in music therapy,meditation,and vocal research give the Chinese Buddhist chanting mind and body practice system enough theoretical support to facilitate the construction of the discipline in the modern era.This paper adopts the scientific approach to tracing and analyzing the origins of the body and mind system in Chinese Buddhist chanting practice and reviews how the system benefits the mind and body and modern society in general.This paper also examines the issues confronting the standard and development of special chanting skills in Chinese Buddhist music in the modern era.

Review of the research on the development and utilization of clay-type lithium resources

Since the demands for lithium have been in explosive growth recently and several great clay lithium resources were founded in China,the development and utilization of clay-type lithium resources become a hot topic.In order to provide a guidance for the concentration and extracting lithium of clay-type lithium resources,this review systematically summarized the main types and characteristics of clay-type lithium resources and the research status of lithium extraction from clay lithium resources.Meanwhile,the flotation research status of the main mineral of clay lithium ore was also summarized.Furthermore,we discussed the difficulties in the development and utilization of clay-type lithium ore and put forward the subsequent research orientation.This paper can provide a guidance for the con-centration and extracting lithium of clay-type lithium resources in the future.

Extract lithium from clay-type lithium ore by mixed acid and its mechanism Author links open overlay panel

A roasting-leaching test was carried out for the efficient utilization of clay-type lithium ore in the central region of Yunnan province.The test used the mixed acid of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid as the leaching agent.Under the conditions of roasting temperature of 600℃,roasting time of 1 h,liquid-solid ratio of 5:1,volume ratio of H_(2)SO_(4)solution to H_(3)PO_(4)solution of 45:5,leaching time of 2 h and leaching temperature of 80℃,the leaching rate of lithium was as high as 97.83%.The leaching mechanism was studied by SEM,pore property analysis,XRD and XPS.It was found that the morphology of the ore changed obviously after roasting and leaching,and a certain degree of collapse and fragmentation occurred,which provided favorable spatial conditions for the leaching of lithium.The porosity,total intrusion volume and total pore area also increased after roasting and leaching,thus promoting the leaching of Li^(+).The results showed that chemical reaction taken placed during the roasting and leaching.The phase of the sample changed from chlorite,kaolinite and diaspore(boehmite)mainly to corundum,hematite,periclase and quartz after roasting.However,after leaching,no new phase was produced in the ore sample,and no S and P elements were found on the surface of the ore sample,indicating that the leaching mechanism of lithium might be the ion exchange between H^(+)and Li^(+).

Bioinspired Hemostatic Strategy via Pulse Ejections for Severe Bleeding Wounds

Efficient hemostasis during emergency trauma with massive bleeding remains a critical challenge in prehospital settings.Thus,multiple hemostatic strategies are critical for treating large bleeding wounds.In this study,inspired by bombardier beetles to eject toxic spray for defense,a shape-memory aerogel with an aligned microchannel structure was proposed,employing thrombin-carrying microparticles loaded as a built-in engine to generate pulse ejections for enhanced drug permeation.Bioinspired aerogels,after contact with blood,can rapidly expand inside the wound,offering robust physical barrier blocking,sealing the bleeding wound,and generating a spontaneous local chemical reaction causing an explosivelike generation of CO_(2) microbubbles,which provide propulsion thrust to accelerate burst ejection from arrays of microchannels for deeper and faster drug diffusion.The ejection behavior,drug release kinetics,and permeation capacity were evaluated using a theoretical model and experimentally demonstrated.This novel aerogel showed remarkable hemostatic performance in severely bleeding wounds in a swine model and demonstrated good degradability and biocompatibility,displaying great potential for clinical application in humans.

pH-Responsive Theranostic Colloidosome Drug Carriers Enable Real-Time Imaging of Targeted Thrombolytic Process with Near-Infrared-II for Deep Venous Thrombosis

Thrombosis can cause life-threatening disorders. Unfortunately, current therapeutic methods for thrombosis using injecting thrombolytic medicines systemically resulted in unexpected bleeding complications. Moreover, the absence of practical imaging tools for thrombi raised dangers of undertreatment and overtreatment. This study develops a theranostic drug carrier, Pkr(IR-Ca/Pda-uPA)-cRGD, that enables real-time monitoring of the targeted thrombolytic process of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Pkr(IR-Ca/Pda-uPA)-cRGD, which is prepared from a Pickering-emulsion-like system, encapsulates both near-infrared-II (NIR-II) contrast agent (IR-1048 dye, loading capacity: 28%) and urokinase plasminogen activators (uPAs, encapsulation efficiency: 89%), pioneering the loading of multiple drugs with contrasting hydrophilicity into one single-drug carrier. Upon intravenous injection, Pkr(IR-Ca/Pda-uPA)-cRGD considerably targets to thrombi selectively (targeting rate: 91%) and disintegrates in response to acidic thrombi to release IR-1048 dye and uPA for imaging and thrombolysis, respectively. Investigations indicate that Pkr(IR-Ca/Pda-uPA)-cRGD enabled real-time visualization of targeted thrombolysis using NIR-II imaging in DVT models, in which thrombi were eliminated (120 min after drug injection) without bleeding complications. This may be the first study using convenient NIR-II imaging for real-time visualization of targeted thrombolysis. It represents the precision medicine that enables rapid response to acquire instantaneous medical images and make necessary real-time adjustments to diagnostic and therapeutic protocols during treatment.

Gemini Dressing with Both Super‑hydrophilicity and ‑hydrophobicity Pursuing Isolation of Blood Cells for Hemostasis and Wound Healing

Achieving efficient hemostasis and wound management is vital to preserve life and restore health in case of extensive hemor-rhagic skin damage.Here,we develop a filter pump-like hierarchical porous-structure(HPS)dressing based on a non-woven substrate,konjac glucomannan(KGM)aerogel,and bi-functional microporous starch(BMS).The KGM aerogel intercalates into the non-woven network structure,forming a hydrophilic frame to stimulate the plasma permeation toward the interior in synergy with the hydrophilic pores of the BMS.The BMS surface forms a hydrophobic matrix that fills the spaces of the KGM hydrophilic frame,contributing to the isolation and aggregation of blood cells on the surface of the HPS dressing to establish rapid hemostasis.Animal model experiments suggest reliable HPS dressing hemostatic capacity,as it is able to stop ear artery and liver bleeding within 97.6±15.2 s and 67.8±5.4 s,respectively.Furthermore,the dressings exhibit antibacterial properties and enabled wound healing within 2 weeks.In vitro hemolysis and cytotoxicity tests also confirm the biocompatibility of HPS dressings.This novel“two-in-one”hemostatic dressing facilitates tissue repair of bleeding wounds over the entire recovery period,thereby providing a convenient strategy for wound management.

Microcluster colloidosomes for hemostat delivery into complex wounds:A platform inspired by the attack action of torpedoes

Complex yet lethal wounds with uncontrollable bleeding hinder conventional hemostats from clotting blood at the source or deep sites of injury vasculature,thereby causing massive blood loss and significantly increased mortality.Inspired by the attack action of torpedoes,we synthesized microcluster(MC)colloidosomes equipped with magnetic-mediated navigation and“blast”systems to deliver hemostats into the cavity of vase-type wounds.CaCO_(3)/Fe_(2)O_(3)(CF)microparticles functionalized with Arg-Gly-Asp(RGD)modified polyelectrolyte multilayers were co-assembled with oppositely charged zwitterionic carbon dots(CDs)to form MC colloidosomes,which were loaded with thrombin and protonated tranexamic acid(TXA-NH_(3)^(+)).The composite microparticles moved against blood flow under magnetic mediation and simultaneously disassembled for the burst release of thrombin stimulated by TXA-NH_(3)^(+).The CO_(2) bubbles generated during disassembly produced a“blast”that propelled thrombin into the wound cavity.Severe bleeding in a vase-type hemorrhage model in the rabbit liver was rapidly controlled within~60 s.Furthermore,in vivo subcutaneous muscle and liver implantation models demonstrated excellent biodegradability of MC colloidosomes.This study is the first to propose a novel strategy based on the principle of torpedoes for transporting hemostats into vase-type wounds to achieve rapid hemostasis,creating a new paradigm for combating trauma treatment.

Magnetic field-mediated Janus particles with sustained driving capability for severe bleeding control in perforating and inflected wounds

Severe bleeding in perforating and inflected wounds with forky cavities or fine voids encountered during prehospital treatments and surgical procedures is a complex challenge.Therefore,we present a novel hemostatic strategy based on magnetic field-mediated guidance.The biphasic Janus magnetic particle(MSS@Fe2O3-T)comprised aggregates ofα-Fe2O3 nanoparticles(Fe_(2)O_(3) NPs)as the motion actuator,negatively modified microporous starch(MSS)as the base hemostatic substrate,and thrombin as the loaded hemostatic drug.Before application,the particles were first wrapped using NaHCO_(3) and then doped with protonated tranexamic acid(TXA-NH_(3)^(+)),which ensured their high self-dispersibility in liquids.During application,the particles promptly self-diffused in blood by bubble propulsion and travelled to deep bleeding sites against reverse rushing blood flow under magnetic guidance.In vivo tests confirmed the superior hemostatic performance of the particles in perforating and inflected wounds(“V”-shaped femoral artery and“J”-shaped liver bleeding models).The present strategy,for the first time,extends the range of magnetically guided drug carriers to address the challenges in the hemorrhage control of perforating and inflected wounds.

Dual-Driven Hemostats Featured with Puncturing Erythrocytes for Severe Bleeding in Complex Wounds

Achieving rapid hemostasis in complex and deep wounds with secluded hemorrhagic sites is still a challenge because of the difficulty in delivering hemostats to these sites.In this study,a Janus particle,SEC-Fe@CaT with dual-driven forces,bubble-driving,and magnetic field–(MF–)mediated driving,was prepared via in situ loading of Fe_(3)O_(4) on a sunflower sporopollenin exine capsule(SEC),and followed by growth of flower-shaped CaCO3 clusters.The bubble-driving forces enabled SEC-Fe@CaT to self-diffuse in the blood to eliminate agglomeration,and the MF-mediated driving force facilitated the SEC-Fe@CaT countercurrent against blood to access deep bleeding sites in the wounds.During the movement in blood flow,the meteor hammer-like SEC from SEC-Fe@CaT can puncture red blood cells(RBCs)to release procoagulants,thus promoting activation of platelet and rapid hemostasis.Animal tests suggested that SEC-Fe@CaT stopped bleeding in as short as 30 and 45 s in femoral artery and liver hemorrhage models,respectively.In contrast,the similar commercial product Celox™required approximately 70 s to stop the bleeding in both bleeding modes.This study demonstrates a new hemostat platform for rapid hemostasis in deep and complex wounds.It was the first attempt integrating geometric structure of sunflower pollen with dual-driven movement in hemostasis.