Effects of centrality fluctuation and deuteron formation on the proton number cumulant in Au+Au collisions at√SNN=3 GeV from the JAM model

We studied the effects of centrality fluctuation and deuteron formation on the cumulant(C_(n))and correlation functions(K_(n))of protons up to the sixth order in the most central(b<3 fm)Au+Au collisions at√SNN=3 GeV in a microscopic transport model(JAM).The results are presented as a function of rapidity acceptance within the transverse momentum 0.4<p T<2 GeV/c.We compared the results obtained by the centrality bin width correction(CBWC)using charged reference particle multiplicities with the CBWC using impact parameter bins.It was found that,at low energies,the centrality resolution for determining the collision centrality using charged particle multiplicities is not sufficient to reduce the initial volume fluctuation effect for higher-order cumulant analysis.New methods need to be developed to classify events with high centrality resolution for heavy-ion collisions at low energies.Finally,we observed that the formation of deuterons suppresses the higher-order cumulants and correlation functions of protons and found it to be similar to the efficiency effect.This work can serve as a noncritical baseline for the QCD critical point search in the high baryon density region.

Intramolecular Charge Transfer-Enhanced BODIPY Photosensitizer in Photoinduced Electron Transfer and Its Application to Photoxidation under Mild Condition

Photoinduced electron transfer process is a crucial step in photooxidation to obtain synthetic chemicals. How- ever, the driving forces of electron transfer as priority in all have been rarely studied in stepwise detail. Herein, we report a series of BODIPY derivatives with an emphasis on the intramolecular charge transfer, enhancing the key step of photoinduced electron transfer process and photooxidation performances. A series of novel BODIPY photosensitizers （B-1--B-5） were prepared, wherein diethylamine amino of B-3 as charge injection group was conjugated to the 2,6-diiodo-styryl-BODIPY, and the electron transfer impetus was enhanced 1.6 times due to its more negative redox potentials. These results were also confirmed by the DFT/TDDFT calculation. Without pure oxygen, B-3 still can exhibit an exceptional performance in photoxidative aromatization of 1,4-DHP under mild condition. After irradiation for 28 rain, the conversion rate came to 98.2%.