GL9 from Oryza glumaepatula controls grain size and chalkiness in rice

Grain size is a key factor influencing grain yield and appearance quality in rice.We identified twelve quantitative trait loci(QTL)for grain length(GL),nine for grain width(GW),and nine for 1000-kernel weight(TKW)using GLU-SSSLs,which are single-segment substitution lines with Oryza glumaepatula as donor parent and Huajingxian 74(HJX74)as recipient parent.Among the QTL,qGL1-2,qGL1-4,qGL9-2,qGW2-2,qGW9-1 and qTKW9-2 contributed to high grain yield.GL9 was identified as a candidate gene for qGL9-2 by map-based cloning and sequencing,and is a novel allele of GS9.The kernel of NIL-gl9was slenderer and longer than that of HJX74,and the TKW and grain yield per plant of NIL-gl9 were higher than those of HJX74.The proportion of grain chalkiness of NIL-gl9 was much lower than that of HJX74.Thus,gl9 increased grain yield and appearance quality simultaneously.Three pyramid lines,NIL-gs3/gl9,NIL-GW7/gl9 and NIL-gw8/gl9,were developed and the kernel of each was longer than that of the corresponding recipient parent lines.The gl9 allele may be beneficial for breeding rice varieties with high grain yield and good appearance quality.

Regulation of cell morphology and viability using anodic aluminum oxide with custom-tailored structural parameters

Anodic aluminum oxide(AAO)with independently controlled period,porosity,and height is used as the model surface to study the single structural parameter effect on breast cancer cell behaviors,including cell polarity and cell viability.It is found that the quantity of multipolar cells and cell viability increases as the nanodent period increases from 100 to 300 nm,while the number of bipolar cells has almost no change until there is a dramatic decrease as the period increases to 3oo nm.After anodizing nanodents into nanopores,the numbers of both bipolar cells and the cell viability increase significantly with the porosity increase.However,as the porosity further increases and the nanopore changes into a nanocone pillar,most of the cells become nonpolar spheres and the cell viability decreases.Increasing the height of the nanocone pillar has little effect on the cell polarity;the cell viability increases slightly with the increase of the nanocone pillar height.These results reveal the influence of individual nanostructure parameters on the cell behavior,especially the cell polarity and the cell viability,which can help to design the surface to make the cell grow as desired.