The northern Qiangtang Block rapid drift during the Triassic Period:Paleomagnetic evidence

As one of the pivotal Gondwana-derived blocks,the kinematic history of the northern Qiangtang Block(in the Tibetan Plateau)remains unclear,mainly because quantitative paleomagnetic data to determine the paleoposition are sparse.Thus,for this study,we collected 226 samples(17 sites)from Triassic sedimentary rocks in the Raggyorcaka and Tuotuohe areas of the northern Qiangtang Block(NQB).Stepwise demagnetization isolated high temperature/field components from the samples.Both Early and Late Triassic datasets passed field tests at a 99%confidence level and were proved to be primary origins.Paleopoles were calculated to be at 24.9°N and 216.5°E with A95=8.2°(N=8)for the Early Triassic dataset,and at 68.1 N,179.9 E with A(95)=5.6°(N=37)for the Late Triassic,the latter being combined with a coeval volcanic dataset published previously.These paleopoles correspond to paleolatitudes of14.3°S±8.2°and 29.9 N15.6°,respectively.Combining previously published results,we reconstructed a three-stage northward drift process for the NQB.(1)The northern Qiangtang Block was located in the subtropical part of the southern hemisphere until the Early Triassic;(2)thereafter,the block rapidly drifted northward from southern to northern hemispheres during the Triassic;and(3)the block converged with the Eurasian continent in the Late Triassic.The^4800 km northward movement from the Early to Late Triassic corresponded to an average motion rate of^11.85 cm/yr.The rapid drift of the NQB after the Early Triassic led to a rapid transformation of the Tethys Ocean.

Exploring the diagnosis markers for gallbladder cancer based on clinical data

Presently, no effective markers are available to facilitate gallbladder cancer （GBC） diagnosis. This study aims to explore available markers for GBC diagnosis. Clinical data of 144 GBC and 116 cholelithiasis patients were retrospectively reviewed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate GBC risk factors. A receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to assess the diagnosis value of the risk factors. By comparing the characteristic of GBC and cholelithiasis patients, the following factors exhibited statistical difference： age, gender, gallstones, total bilirubin （TB）, alkaline phosphatase （ALP）, aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, platelet count （PLT）, CA125 （carcinoembryonic antigen 125）, and CA199 （carbohydrate antigen 199）. Logistic regression analysis indicated that age [odds ratio （OR）, 1.032; 95% confidence interval （95~o CI）, 1.004 to 1.061; P = 0.024], gender （OR, 0.346; 95% CI, 0.167 to 0.716; P = 0.004）, gallstones （OR, 0.027; 95~ CI, 0.007 to 0.095; P 〈 0.001）, ALP （OR, 1.003; 95~ CI, 1.000 to 1.006; P = 0.032）, TB （OR, 1.004; 95% CI, 1.000 to 1.009; P = 0.042）, and CA125 （OR, 1.007; 95% CI, 1.002 to 1.013; P = 0.011） were independent risk factors for GBC. According to the ROC curve, CA125 [area under curve （AUC）, 0.720], ALP （AUC, 0.713）, TB （AUC, 0.636）, and age （AUC, 0.573） were valuable diagnosis markers. Additionally, based on the independent risk factors, the GBC diagnosis model was established. Age, TB, ALP, and CA125 can be used as auxiliary diagnosis factors of GBC. The diagnosis model provides a quantitative tool for GBC diagnosis when comprehensively considering various risk factors.