Innate immunity represents one of the main host responses to viral infection.1,2,3 STING(Stimulator of interferon genes),a crucial immune adapter functioning in host cells,mediates cGAS(Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase)sensing...Innate immunity represents one of the main host responses to viral infection.1,2,3 STING(Stimulator of interferon genes),a crucial immune adapter functioning in host cells,mediates cGAS(Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase)sensing of exogenous and endogenous DNA fragments and generates innate immune responses.4 Whether STING activation was involved in infection and replication of enterovirus remains largely unknown.In the present study,we discovered that human enterovirus A71(EV-A71)infection triggered STING activation in a cGAS dependent manner.EV-A71 infection caused mitochondrial damage and the discharge of mitochondrial DNA into the cytosol of infected cells.However,during EV-A71 infection,cGAS-STING activation was attenuated.EV-A71 ^(pro)teins were screened and the viral ^(pro)tease 2A^(pro) had the greatest capacity to inhibit cGAS-STING activation.We identified TRAF3 as an important factor during STING activation and as a target of 2A^(pro).Supplement of TRAF3 rescued cGAS-STING activation suppression by 2A^(pro).TRAF3 supported STING activation mediated TBK1 phosphorylation.Moreover,we found that 2A^(pro) ^(pro)tease activity was essential for inhibiting STING activation.Furthermore,EV-D68 and CV-A16 infection also triggered STING activation.The viral ^(pro)tease 2A^(pro) from EV-D68 and CV-A16 also had the ability to inhibit STING activation.As STING activation prior to EV-A71 infection generated cellular resistance to EV-A71 replication,blocking EV-A71-mediated STING suppression represents a new anti-viral target.展开更多
基金This work was supported,in part,by following fundings:the National Natural Science Foundation of China(number 31970151,92169203,81701988,31900133,82172239,82102384,32041006,81772169)the National Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ21C010001 and LY22C080002,)the Leading innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang(2019R01007).We thank Yifei Shi kindly provided key reagents.
文摘Innate immunity represents one of the main host responses to viral infection.1,2,3 STING(Stimulator of interferon genes),a crucial immune adapter functioning in host cells,mediates cGAS(Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase)sensing of exogenous and endogenous DNA fragments and generates innate immune responses.4 Whether STING activation was involved in infection and replication of enterovirus remains largely unknown.In the present study,we discovered that human enterovirus A71(EV-A71)infection triggered STING activation in a cGAS dependent manner.EV-A71 infection caused mitochondrial damage and the discharge of mitochondrial DNA into the cytosol of infected cells.However,during EV-A71 infection,cGAS-STING activation was attenuated.EV-A71 ^(pro)teins were screened and the viral ^(pro)tease 2A^(pro) had the greatest capacity to inhibit cGAS-STING activation.We identified TRAF3 as an important factor during STING activation and as a target of 2A^(pro).Supplement of TRAF3 rescued cGAS-STING activation suppression by 2A^(pro).TRAF3 supported STING activation mediated TBK1 phosphorylation.Moreover,we found that 2A^(pro) ^(pro)tease activity was essential for inhibiting STING activation.Furthermore,EV-D68 and CV-A16 infection also triggered STING activation.The viral ^(pro)tease 2A^(pro) from EV-D68 and CV-A16 also had the ability to inhibit STING activation.As STING activation prior to EV-A71 infection generated cellular resistance to EV-A71 replication,blocking EV-A71-mediated STING suppression represents a new anti-viral target.
