Cancer-induced bone pain(CIBP)is a type of ongoing or breakthrough pain caused by a primary bone tumor or bone metastasis.CIBP constitutes a specific pain state with distinct characteristics;however,it shares similari...Cancer-induced bone pain(CIBP)is a type of ongoing or breakthrough pain caused by a primary bone tumor or bone metastasis.CIBP constitutes a specific pain state with distinct characteristics;however,it shares similarities with inflammatory and neuropathic pain.At present,although various therapies have been developed for this condition,complete relief from CIBP in patients with cancer is yet to be achieved.Hence,it is urgent to study the mechanism underlying CIBP to develop efficient analgesic drugs.Herein,we focused on the peripheral mechanism associated with the initiation of CIBP,which involves tissue injury in the bone and changes in the tumor microenvironment(TME)and dorsal root ganglion.The nerve–cancer and cancer–immunocyte cross-talk in the TME creates circumstances that promote tumor growth and metastasis,ultimately leading to CIBP.The peripheral mechanism of CIBP and current treatments as well as potential therapeutic targets are discussed in this review.展开更多
A high efficiency,low threshold,high repetition rate H-βFraunhofer line light at 486.1 nm was demonstrated.A high-efficiency KTP optical parametric oscillator was achieved by double-pass pumping with a high-maturity ...A high efficiency,low threshold,high repetition rate H-βFraunhofer line light at 486.1 nm was demonstrated.A high-efficiency KTP optical parametric oscillator was achieved by double-pass pumping with a high-maturity 5 kHz 532 nm laser.Thanks to the efficient intracavity frequency doubling of the circulating signal wave by a BIBO crystal,the threshold pump power of the 486.1 nm output was 0.9 W,and the maximum output power of 1.6 W was achieved under the pump power of7.5 W.The optical–optical conversion efficiency was 21.3%,with the pulse duration of 45.2 ns,linewidth of~0.12 nm,and beam quality factor M~2 of 2.83.展开更多
This paper reports a numerical research on MEMS(microelectromechanical system)micronozzles through multiphysics coupling simulation along with design optimization based on simulation results.The micronozzle,which is a...This paper reports a numerical research on MEMS(microelectromechanical system)micronozzles through multiphysics coupling simulation along with design optimization based on simulation results.The micronozzle,which is a core component of the electrothermal microthruster,features a micron-scale geometry,a 2-dimensional(2D)Laval configuration,a rectangular cross section,and a highly thermal conductive silicon wall due to MEMS fabrication.As a result,viscous loss in the flow field and heat transfer to the nozzle wall can strongly influence nozzle performance,namely,thrust force and specific impulse.To accurately understand the flow field inside the micronozzle and how the highly thermal conductive silicon wall interacts with gas flow,a numerical simulation that couples fluid dynamics field and solid heat transfer field is employed in the research.The influence of different structural parameters on micronozzle performance is then investigated to set a basis for design optimization.The optimum design of the linear expander micronozzle is obtained through constrained optimization by linear approximation.To further improve micronozzle performance,the bell-shaped expander is adapted.The optimization result shows that the bell-shaped expander is not suitable for micronozzle featuring 2D Laval configuration,and the reason behind the phenomenon is thoroughly discussed.展开更多
基金supported by the Zhongshan-Fudan Joint Innovation Center,Zhongshan,Guangdong Province,China(528437)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82271258,82271248,82204830,81971056)+1 种基金Innovative Research Team of High-level Local Universities in Shanghai,Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2018SHZDZX01)ZJ Lab,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology.
文摘Cancer-induced bone pain(CIBP)is a type of ongoing or breakthrough pain caused by a primary bone tumor or bone metastasis.CIBP constitutes a specific pain state with distinct characteristics;however,it shares similarities with inflammatory and neuropathic pain.At present,although various therapies have been developed for this condition,complete relief from CIBP in patients with cancer is yet to be achieved.Hence,it is urgent to study the mechanism underlying CIBP to develop efficient analgesic drugs.Herein,we focused on the peripheral mechanism associated with the initiation of CIBP,which involves tissue injury in the bone and changes in the tumor microenvironment(TME)and dorsal root ganglion.The nerve–cancer and cancer–immunocyte cross-talk in the TME creates circumstances that promote tumor growth and metastasis,ultimately leading to CIBP.The peripheral mechanism of CIBP and current treatments as well as potential therapeutic targets are discussed in this review.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62175181)。
文摘A high efficiency,low threshold,high repetition rate H-βFraunhofer line light at 486.1 nm was demonstrated.A high-efficiency KTP optical parametric oscillator was achieved by double-pass pumping with a high-maturity 5 kHz 532 nm laser.Thanks to the efficient intracavity frequency doubling of the circulating signal wave by a BIBO crystal,the threshold pump power of the 486.1 nm output was 0.9 W,and the maximum output power of 1.6 W was achieved under the pump power of7.5 W.The optical–optical conversion efficiency was 21.3%,with the pulse duration of 45.2 ns,linewidth of~0.12 nm,and beam quality factor M~2 of 2.83.
基金The financial support for this project is from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.62001502)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.52005505)+1 种基金China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists(grant no.11725211)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(grant no.2021QNRC001).
文摘This paper reports a numerical research on MEMS(microelectromechanical system)micronozzles through multiphysics coupling simulation along with design optimization based on simulation results.The micronozzle,which is a core component of the electrothermal microthruster,features a micron-scale geometry,a 2-dimensional(2D)Laval configuration,a rectangular cross section,and a highly thermal conductive silicon wall due to MEMS fabrication.As a result,viscous loss in the flow field and heat transfer to the nozzle wall can strongly influence nozzle performance,namely,thrust force and specific impulse.To accurately understand the flow field inside the micronozzle and how the highly thermal conductive silicon wall interacts with gas flow,a numerical simulation that couples fluid dynamics field and solid heat transfer field is employed in the research.The influence of different structural parameters on micronozzle performance is then investigated to set a basis for design optimization.The optimum design of the linear expander micronozzle is obtained through constrained optimization by linear approximation.To further improve micronozzle performance,the bell-shaped expander is adapted.The optimization result shows that the bell-shaped expander is not suitable for micronozzle featuring 2D Laval configuration,and the reason behind the phenomenon is thoroughly discussed.
