As a physical interface,a prosthetic liner is commonly used as a transition material between the residual limb and the stiff socket.Typically made from a compliant material such as silicone,the main function of a pros...As a physical interface,a prosthetic liner is commonly used as a transition material between the residual limb and the stiff socket.Typically made from a compliant material such as silicone,the main function of a prosthetic liner is to protect the residual limb from injuries induced by load-bearing normal and shear stresses.Compared to conventional liners,custom prosthetic lower-extremity(LE)liners have been shown to better relieve stress concentrations in painful and sensitive regions of the residual limb.Although custom LE liners have been shown to offer clinical benefits,no review article on their design and efficacy has yet been written.To address this shortcoming in the literature,this paper provides a comprehensive survey of custom LE liner materials,design,and fabrication methods.First,custom LE liner materials and components are summarized,including a description of commercial liners and their efficacy.Subsequently,digital methods used to design and fabricate custom LE liners are addressed,including residual limb biomechanical modeling,finite element-based design methods,and 3-D printing techniques.Finally,current evaluation methods of custom/commercial LE liners are presented and discussed.We hope that this review article will inspire further research and development into the design and manufacture of custom LE liners.展开更多
Motor imagery(MI)based Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)have a wide range of applications in the stroke rehabilitation field.However,due to the low signal-to-noise ratio and high cross-subject variation of the electroen...Motor imagery(MI)based Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)have a wide range of applications in the stroke rehabilitation field.However,due to the low signal-to-noise ratio and high cross-subject variation of the electroencephalogram(EEG)signals generated by motor imagery,the classification performance of the existing methods still needs to be improved to meet the need of real practice.To overcome this problem,we propose a multi-scale spatial-temporal convolutional neural network called MSCNet.We introduce the contrastive learning into a multi-temporal convolution scale backbone to further improve the robustness and discrimination of embedding vectors.Experimental results of binary classification show that MSCNet outperforms the state-of-theart methods,achieving accuracy improvement of 6.04%,3.98%,and 8.15%on BCIC IV 2a,SMR-BCI,and OpenBMI datasets in subject-dependent manner,respectively.The results show that the contrastive learning method can significantly improve the classification accuracy of motor imagery EEG signals,which provides an important reference for the design of motor imagery classification algorithms.展开更多
Multistate density functional theory(MSDFT)employing a minimum active space(MAS)is presented to determine charge transfer(CT)and local excited states of bimolecular complexes.MSDFT is a hybrid wave function theory(WFT...Multistate density functional theory(MSDFT)employing a minimum active space(MAS)is presented to determine charge transfer(CT)and local excited states of bimolecular complexes.MSDFT is a hybrid wave function theory(WFT)and density functional theory,in which dynamic correlation is first incorporated in individual determinant configurations using a Kohn–Sham exchangecorrelation functional.Then,nonorthogonal configuration-state interaction is performed to treat static correlation.Because molecular orbitals are optimized separately for each determinant by including Kohn–Sham dynamic correlation,a minimal number of configurations in the active space,essential to representing low-lying excited and CT states of interest,is sufficient to yield the adiabatic states.We found that the present MAS-MSDFT method provides a good description of covalent and CT excited states in comparison with experiments and high-level computational results.Because of the simplicity and interpretive capability through diabatic configuration weights,the method may be useful in dynamic simulations of CT and nonadiabatic processes.展开更多
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant number JKF-YG-22-B010)the National Institutes of Health(Grant number 5R01EB024531-03).
文摘As a physical interface,a prosthetic liner is commonly used as a transition material between the residual limb and the stiff socket.Typically made from a compliant material such as silicone,the main function of a prosthetic liner is to protect the residual limb from injuries induced by load-bearing normal and shear stresses.Compared to conventional liners,custom prosthetic lower-extremity(LE)liners have been shown to better relieve stress concentrations in painful and sensitive regions of the residual limb.Although custom LE liners have been shown to offer clinical benefits,no review article on their design and efficacy has yet been written.To address this shortcoming in the literature,this paper provides a comprehensive survey of custom LE liner materials,design,and fabrication methods.First,custom LE liner materials and components are summarized,including a description of commercial liners and their efficacy.Subsequently,digital methods used to design and fabricate custom LE liners are addressed,including residual limb biomechanical modeling,finite element-based design methods,and 3-D printing techniques.Finally,current evaluation methods of custom/commercial LE liners are presented and discussed.We hope that this review article will inspire further research and development into the design and manufacture of custom LE liners.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFC1312903)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.Z200016)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.KG16137101,KG16187001 and KG16123001).
文摘Motor imagery(MI)based Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)have a wide range of applications in the stroke rehabilitation field.However,due to the low signal-to-noise ratio and high cross-subject variation of the electroencephalogram(EEG)signals generated by motor imagery,the classification performance of the existing methods still needs to be improved to meet the need of real practice.To overcome this problem,we propose a multi-scale spatial-temporal convolutional neural network called MSCNet.We introduce the contrastive learning into a multi-temporal convolution scale backbone to further improve the robustness and discrimination of embedding vectors.Experimental results of binary classification show that MSCNet outperforms the state-of-theart methods,achieving accuracy improvement of 6.04%,3.98%,and 8.15%on BCIC IV 2a,SMR-BCI,and OpenBMI datasets in subject-dependent manner,respectively.The results show that the contrastive learning method can significantly improve the classification accuracy of motor imagery EEG signals,which provides an important reference for the design of motor imagery classification algorithms.
基金This work was partially supported by grants from the Shenzhen Municipal Science and Technology Innovation Commission(KQTD2017-0330155106581)the Key-area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2020B0101350001)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21533003)The study was completed for the excimer complex relevant in photoreceptors at Minnesota,which was partially supported by the National Institutes of Health(Grant Number GM046736).The authors thank Dr.Peng Bao for discussion and assistance.Computing resources were provided by the computing facilities at Shenzhen Bay Laboratory,and part of the computations were performed in 2020 at the Minnesota Supercomputing Institute.
文摘Multistate density functional theory(MSDFT)employing a minimum active space(MAS)is presented to determine charge transfer(CT)and local excited states of bimolecular complexes.MSDFT is a hybrid wave function theory(WFT)and density functional theory,in which dynamic correlation is first incorporated in individual determinant configurations using a Kohn–Sham exchangecorrelation functional.Then,nonorthogonal configuration-state interaction is performed to treat static correlation.Because molecular orbitals are optimized separately for each determinant by including Kohn–Sham dynamic correlation,a minimal number of configurations in the active space,essential to representing low-lying excited and CT states of interest,is sufficient to yield the adiabatic states.We found that the present MAS-MSDFT method provides a good description of covalent and CT excited states in comparison with experiments and high-level computational results.Because of the simplicity and interpretive capability through diabatic configuration weights,the method may be useful in dynamic simulations of CT and nonadiabatic processes.