As one of the most important vegetables,tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is extensively produced and consumed worldwide and substantially contributes to human nutrition and health (The Tomato Genome Consortium,2012).Alth...As one of the most important vegetables,tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is extensively produced and consumed worldwide and substantially contributes to human nutrition and health (The Tomato Genome Consortium,2012).Although red tomatoes are the most common,pink tomatoes are more popular in Asia,particularly in China and Japan,because of their better taste (Ballester et al.,2010;Zhu et al.,2018).Compared with red tomatoes,pink tomatoes fail to accumulate the yellow-colored flavonoid pigment,naringenin chalcone (NarCh),in their peels,resulting in a colorless peel phenotype (Adato et al,2009;Ballester et al.,2010).展开更多
The effect of operating conditions on the time-dependent X-ray intensity variation is of great importance for the optimal EPMA conditions for accurate determinations of various elements in carbonate minerals. Beam dia...The effect of operating conditions on the time-dependent X-ray intensity variation is of great importance for the optimal EPMA conditions for accurate determinations of various elements in carbonate minerals. Beam diameters of 0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 μm, and beam currents of 3, 5, 10, 20,and 50 nA were tested. Ca, Mg, Zn, and Sr were found to be more sensitive to electron beam irradiation as compared to other elements, and small currents and large beam diameters minimized the timedependent X-ray intensity variations. We determined the optimal EPMA operating conditions for elements in carbonate: 10 μm and 5 nA for calcite;10 μm and 10 nA for dolomite;5 μm and 10 nA or 10 μm and 20 nA for strontianite;and 20 nA and 5 μm for other carbonate. Elements sensitive to electron beam irradiation should be determined first. In addition, silicate minerals are preferred as standards rather than carbonate minerals.展开更多
Cell death and immune response are at the core of life.In past decades,the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)protein STING!(also known as STING or TMEM173)was found to play a fundamental role in the production of type I interf...Cell death and immune response are at the core of life.In past decades,the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)protein STING!(also known as STING or TMEM173)was found to play a fundamental role in the production of type I interferons(IFNs)and pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to DNA derived from invading microbial pathogens or damaged hosts by activating multiple transcription factors.In addition to this well-known function in infection,inflammation,and immunity,emerging evidence suggests that the STING 1-dependent signaling network is implicated in health and disease by regulating autophagic degradation or various cell death modalities(e.g.,apoptosis,necroptosis,pyroptosis,ferroptosis,mitotic cell death,and immunogenic cell death[ICD]).Here,we outline the latest advances in our understanding of the regulating mechanisms and signaling pathways of STING1 in autophagy and cell death,which may shed light on new targets for therapeutic interventions.展开更多
Increased serum urotensin Ⅱ(UⅡ) levels in human cirrhotic populations have been recently shown,but the long-term effects of UⅡ receptor antagonist on the cirrhosis have not been investigated.To investigate the ther...Increased serum urotensin Ⅱ(UⅡ) levels in human cirrhotic populations have been recently shown,but the long-term effects of UⅡ receptor antagonist on the cirrhosis have not been investigated.To investigate the therapeutic effects of urotensin Ⅱ receptor (UT) antagonist palosuran on rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCI4)- induced cirrhosis,the hepatic and systemic hemodynamics,liver fibrosis,the metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13)/ tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) ratio,hepatic Rho-kinase activity,and the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity are measured in CCI4-cirrhotic rats treated with palosuran or vehicle for 4 weeks.Primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are used to investigate the changes in UⅡ/UT expression and the in vitro effect of palosuran.Compared with the vehicle-treated cirrhotic rats,treatment with palosuran can reduce the portal pressure (PP),decrease the risk of liver fibrosis and the level of a smooth muscle actin,collagen-l (COL-I),and transforming growth factor β expression.However,treatment with palosuran can increase MMP-13/TIMP-1,pvasodilator- stimulated phosphoprotein (p-VASP),and p-eNOS expression.Moreover,in vitro UⅡ/UT mRNA expression increases during HSC activation.MMP-13/TIMP-1,COL-I,and p-VASP are inhibited after palosuran treatment Our data indicate that long-term administration of palosuran can decrease PP in cirrhosis,which results from decreased hepatic fibrosis and enhanced eNOS-dependent HSC vasodilatation.展开更多
Three-dimensional (3D) self-assembled nanomaterials with hierarchical architectures are very attractive materials due to their superior physical and chemical properties [1-7]. Over the past few years, a variety of nan...Three-dimensional (3D) self-assembled nanomaterials with hierarchical architectures are very attractive materials due to their superior physical and chemical properties [1-7]. Over the past few years, a variety of nanomaterials with well-controlled structures were developed and applied in many areas, including water treatment, energy, sensor and catalysis [8-16].展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0101900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31601759)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (2018B020202006)the Ministry of Agriculture of China (2016ZX08009-003-001)
文摘As one of the most important vegetables,tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is extensively produced and consumed worldwide and substantially contributes to human nutrition and health (The Tomato Genome Consortium,2012).Although red tomatoes are the most common,pink tomatoes are more popular in Asia,particularly in China and Japan,because of their better taste (Ballester et al.,2010;Zhu et al.,2018).Compared with red tomatoes,pink tomatoes fail to accumulate the yellow-colored flavonoid pigment,naringenin chalcone (NarCh),in their peels,resulting in a colorless peel phenotype (Adato et al,2009;Ballester et al.,2010).
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41403022)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) (No. CUGL150401)
文摘The effect of operating conditions on the time-dependent X-ray intensity variation is of great importance for the optimal EPMA conditions for accurate determinations of various elements in carbonate minerals. Beam diameters of 0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 μm, and beam currents of 3, 5, 10, 20,and 50 nA were tested. Ca, Mg, Zn, and Sr were found to be more sensitive to electron beam irradiation as compared to other elements, and small currents and large beam diameters minimized the timedependent X-ray intensity variations. We determined the optimal EPMA operating conditions for elements in carbonate: 10 μm and 5 nA for calcite;10 μm and 10 nA for dolomite;5 μm and 10 nA or 10 μm and 20 nA for strontianite;and 20 nA and 5 μm for other carbonate. Elements sensitive to electron beam irradiation should be determined first. In addition, silicate minerals are preferred as standards rather than carbonate minerals.
文摘Cell death and immune response are at the core of life.In past decades,the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)protein STING!(also known as STING or TMEM173)was found to play a fundamental role in the production of type I interferons(IFNs)and pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to DNA derived from invading microbial pathogens or damaged hosts by activating multiple transcription factors.In addition to this well-known function in infection,inflammation,and immunity,emerging evidence suggests that the STING 1-dependent signaling network is implicated in health and disease by regulating autophagic degradation or various cell death modalities(e.g.,apoptosis,necroptosis,pyroptosis,ferroptosis,mitotic cell death,and immunogenic cell death[ICD]).Here,we outline the latest advances in our understanding of the regulating mechanisms and signaling pathways of STING1 in autophagy and cell death,which may shed light on new targets for therapeutic interventions.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81170408 to Diangang Liu)the Wang Baoen Liver Fibrosis Research Foundation of the China Hepatitis Prevention Foundation (No.20120124 to Diangang Liu)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2012M510094 to Diangang Liu).
文摘Increased serum urotensin Ⅱ(UⅡ) levels in human cirrhotic populations have been recently shown,but the long-term effects of UⅡ receptor antagonist on the cirrhosis have not been investigated.To investigate the therapeutic effects of urotensin Ⅱ receptor (UT) antagonist palosuran on rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCI4)- induced cirrhosis,the hepatic and systemic hemodynamics,liver fibrosis,the metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13)/ tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) ratio,hepatic Rho-kinase activity,and the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity are measured in CCI4-cirrhotic rats treated with palosuran or vehicle for 4 weeks.Primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are used to investigate the changes in UⅡ/UT expression and the in vitro effect of palosuran.Compared with the vehicle-treated cirrhotic rats,treatment with palosuran can reduce the portal pressure (PP),decrease the risk of liver fibrosis and the level of a smooth muscle actin,collagen-l (COL-I),and transforming growth factor β expression.However,treatment with palosuran can increase MMP-13/TIMP-1,pvasodilator- stimulated phosphoprotein (p-VASP),and p-eNOS expression.Moreover,in vitro UⅡ/UT mRNA expression increases during HSC activation.MMP-13/TIMP-1,COL-I,and p-VASP are inhibited after palosuran treatment Our data indicate that long-term administration of palosuran can decrease PP in cirrhosis,which results from decreased hepatic fibrosis and enhanced eNOS-dependent HSC vasodilatation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21573244, 21573245)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences (2017049)
文摘Three-dimensional (3D) self-assembled nanomaterials with hierarchical architectures are very attractive materials due to their superior physical and chemical properties [1-7]. Over the past few years, a variety of nanomaterials with well-controlled structures were developed and applied in many areas, including water treatment, energy, sensor and catalysis [8-16].
