Twelve boys with verified diagnosis of severe attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (mean age 9.2± 2.9 years) and 12 control boys were investigated. According to the DSM IV system the patients were positive re...Twelve boys with verified diagnosis of severe attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (mean age 9.2± 2.9 years) and 12 control boys were investigated. According to the DSM IV system the patients were positive regarding all aspects. None of the patients received medication at or around the time of the investigation. The boys were asked to tap a button 128 times in a frequency that felt comfortable to them. The investigation was performed with specially designed software. There was no significant difference in the mean or median intervals between tapping, However, range and spread of the tapping intervals were significantly higher in patients with hyperactivity disorder. The results show that these children perform less rhythmically although they were allowed to choose the tapping frequency themselves. There are many possible reasons for these results, ranging from social to genetic. One of the reasons could be due to changes in the genetically codedmolecular clock. In humans there are only three genes identified that code for molecular clocks (CLOCK, PER2, BMAL1). In these genes as well as in other proteins and enzymes involved in the signaling pathway, mutations and polymorphisms have been described that lead to a decreased rhythm in motor timing.展开更多
Purpose: In the past 20 years, measurement of uterine volume has been established for evaluation of central precocious puberty (cPP). The purpose of our study was to assess the diagnostic value of the method in relati...Purpose: In the past 20 years, measurement of uterine volume has been established for evaluation of central precocious puberty (cPP). The purpose of our study was to assess the diagnostic value of the method in relation to other parameters. Patients and Methods: The data of 27 girls with the diagnosis of cPP were evaluated retrospectively for height velocity, bone age acceleration, gonadotropins, serum estradiol and uterine volume before, during and in 9/27 after therapy with a GnRH agonist. Volumes were converted into SD scores according to age- related reference data. Results: At diagnosis, only 68% showed uterine volumes >.2 SDS while height velocity was >2 SDS in 89% , bone age acceleration >1 SDS in 79% , stimulated LH/FSH- ratio >1 and serum estradiol was measurable in 75% . All parameters decreased significantly during therapy. Uterine volume returned to values <.2SDS.However,40% remained above the upper normal range for 8- year- old girls (4.5 ml) throughout treatment. Another 44% showed uterus enlargement again after about one year of therapy while the other studied parameters were found to be sufficiently suppressed. Conclusion: Compared to healthy girls, a positive correlation with age (independent of Tanner stages) was found in cPP. In contrast to physiologic pubertal development, uterine enlargement is a rather late sign in cPP. Thus, normal uterine volume does not exclude the diagnosis of cPP.展开更多
文摘Twelve boys with verified diagnosis of severe attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (mean age 9.2± 2.9 years) and 12 control boys were investigated. According to the DSM IV system the patients were positive regarding all aspects. None of the patients received medication at or around the time of the investigation. The boys were asked to tap a button 128 times in a frequency that felt comfortable to them. The investigation was performed with specially designed software. There was no significant difference in the mean or median intervals between tapping, However, range and spread of the tapping intervals were significantly higher in patients with hyperactivity disorder. The results show that these children perform less rhythmically although they were allowed to choose the tapping frequency themselves. There are many possible reasons for these results, ranging from social to genetic. One of the reasons could be due to changes in the genetically codedmolecular clock. In humans there are only three genes identified that code for molecular clocks (CLOCK, PER2, BMAL1). In these genes as well as in other proteins and enzymes involved in the signaling pathway, mutations and polymorphisms have been described that lead to a decreased rhythm in motor timing.
文摘Purpose: In the past 20 years, measurement of uterine volume has been established for evaluation of central precocious puberty (cPP). The purpose of our study was to assess the diagnostic value of the method in relation to other parameters. Patients and Methods: The data of 27 girls with the diagnosis of cPP were evaluated retrospectively for height velocity, bone age acceleration, gonadotropins, serum estradiol and uterine volume before, during and in 9/27 after therapy with a GnRH agonist. Volumes were converted into SD scores according to age- related reference data. Results: At diagnosis, only 68% showed uterine volumes >.2 SDS while height velocity was >2 SDS in 89% , bone age acceleration >1 SDS in 79% , stimulated LH/FSH- ratio >1 and serum estradiol was measurable in 75% . All parameters decreased significantly during therapy. Uterine volume returned to values <.2SDS.However,40% remained above the upper normal range for 8- year- old girls (4.5 ml) throughout treatment. Another 44% showed uterus enlargement again after about one year of therapy while the other studied parameters were found to be sufficiently suppressed. Conclusion: Compared to healthy girls, a positive correlation with age (independent of Tanner stages) was found in cPP. In contrast to physiologic pubertal development, uterine enlargement is a rather late sign in cPP. Thus, normal uterine volume does not exclude the diagnosis of cPP.
