Association of Various Anthropometric Indices with Sudomotor Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Aim: To investigate the relationship between sudomotor dysfunction and various body composition analysis indices in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: Between January 2016 and April 2021, 136 diabetic participants who had undergone body composition analysis (BCA) were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Sudomotor functions were assessed using SUDOSCAN, and participants were grouped into patients with normal (Group 1, n = 51), mildly reduced (Group 2, n = 46) and severely reduced (Group 3, n = 39) foot electrochemical skin conductance (FESC) levels. Results: The mean age was 60.4 ± 10.1 years, median diabetes duration was 12 (6 - 19) years, and 52.2% of participants were males. Among BCA parameters, the significant differences were found in total fat (TF) (p = 0.023), percentage of TF (%TF) (p = 0.025), percentage of android fat (%AF) (p = 0.048), fat mass (FM) in arms (p = 0.016), FM in legs (p = 0.002), appendicular fat mass (aFM) (p = 0.002), appendicular fat mass/body mass index (aFM/BMI) ratio (p = 0.009) between three groups. In Spearman correlation analysis, FESC was correlated with RBC, ESR and homocysteine (r = 0.171, r = −0.190, r = −0.192, p β =0.161, 0.155, 0.165, 0.185, p Conclusion: The progressive decline of sudomotor function is positively associated with loss of subcutaneous fat in arms and legs, suggesting that subcutaneous fat of extremities may be necessary to prevent DPN progression in type 2 diabetic patients.

Resveratrol reduces intracellular reactive oxygen species levels by inducing autophagy through the AMPK-mTOR pathway

Oxidative stress induced by free fatty acid aggravates endothelial injury,which leads to diabeti cardiovascular complications.Reduction of intracellular oxidative stress may attenuate these pathogeni processes.The dietary polyphenol resveratrol reportedly exerts potential protective effects against endothelia injury.This study determined whether resveratrol can reduce the palmitic acid (PA)-induced generation o reactive oxygen species (ROS)and further explored the underlying molecular mechanisms.We found tha resveratrol significantly reduced the PA-induced endothelial ROS levels in human aortic endothelial cells Resveratrol also induced endothelial cell autophagy,which mediated the effect of resveratrol on ROS reduction Resveratrol stimulated autophagy via the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mTOR pathway.Taketogether,these data suggest that resveratrol prevents PA-induced intracellular ROS by autophagy regulation via the AMPK-mTOR pathway.Thus,the induction of autophagy by resveratrol may provide a novel therapeuti candidate for cardioprotection in metabolic syndrome.