Ethiopia has a mountainous landscape which can be divided into the Northwestern and Southeastern plateaus by the Main Ethiopian Rift and Afar Depression. Debre Sina area is located in Central Ethiopia along the escarp...Ethiopia has a mountainous landscape which can be divided into the Northwestern and Southeastern plateaus by the Main Ethiopian Rift and Afar Depression. Debre Sina area is located in Central Ethiopia along the escarpment where landslide problem is frequent due to steep slope, complex geology, rift tectonics, heavy rainfall and seismicity. In order to tackle this problem, preparing a landslide susceptibility map is very important. For this, GISbased frequency ratio(FR) and logistic regression(LR) models have been applied using landslide inventory and the nine landslide factors(i.e. lithology, land use, distance from river & fault, slope, aspect, elevation, curvature and annual rainfall). Database construction, weighting each factor classes or factors, preparing susceptibility map and validation were the major steps to be undertaken. Both models require a rasterized landslide inventory and landslide factor maps. The former was classified into training and validation landslides. Using FR model, weights for each factor classes were calculated and assigned so that all the weighted factor maps can be added to produce a landslide susceptibility map. In the case of LR model, the entire study area is firstly divided into landslide and non-landslide areas using the training landslides. Then, these areas are changed into landslide and non-landslide points so as to extract the FR maps of the nine landslide factors. Then a linear relationship is established between training landslides and landslide factors in SPSS. Based on this relationship, the final landslide susceptibility map is prepared using LR equation. The success-rate and prediction-rate of FR model were 74.8% and 73.5%, while in case of LR model these were 75.7% and 74.5% respectively. A close similarity in the prediction and validation rates showed that the model is acceptable. Accuracy of LR model is slightly better in predicting the landslide susceptibility of the area compared to FR model.展开更多
Roadside slope failure is a common problem in the Himalayan region as road construction activities disturb natural slopes. Therefore, landslide susceptibility zonation is necessary for roadside slope disaster manageme...Roadside slope failure is a common problem in the Himalayan region as road construction activities disturb natural slopes. Therefore, landslide susceptibility zonation is necessary for roadside slope disaster management and planning development activities. In this study, we consider a 53-kin section of a major highway in Nepal where road services are suspended for several days in the monsoon season every year. A number of methods have been used for landslide susceptibility zonation. We employed a bivariate statistical approach for this study. Relevant thematic layer maps represent- ing various factors (e.g., slope, aspect, land use, lithology, drainage density, proximity to stream and proximity to road) that are related to landslide activity, have been prepared using Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. A total of 277 landslides (covering a total of 29.90 km2) of various dimensions have been identified in the area. A landslide susceptibility map was prepared by overlaying a landslide inventory map with various parameter maps segmented into various relevant classes. The landslide susceptibility index was seg- mented into five zones, viz. very low, low, moderate, high and very high susceptibility. Landslide susceptibility zonation maps are useful tools for the efficient planning and management of roadside slope repair and maintenance tasks in the Himalayan region.展开更多
Some of the buildings in Aceh Province,Indonesia constructed after the 2004 earthquake and tsunami disaster were found vulnerable.The vulnerable buildings were retrofitted to make them safer and child friendly.Save th...Some of the buildings in Aceh Province,Indonesia constructed after the 2004 earthquake and tsunami disaster were found vulnerable.The vulnerable buildings were retrofitted to make them safer and child friendly.Save the Children,one of the implementing agencies,assumed that the process of retrofitting would attract interest from the communities,raise their earthquake awareness,stimulate earthquake safe construction practices,and contribute to earthquake disaster risk reduction.It was also assumed that the retrofitting process would benefit the communities through knowledge transfer of safer construction practices.To assess the impact on awareness and knowledge transfer of the retrofitting work carried out by Save the Children from 2005 to 2008,a survey was carried out in 2009.A total of 104 people who were directly involved in the retrofitting/rehabilitation process were interviewed.The survey covered four districts in Aceh Province,Indonesia where schools,health facilities,and houses were retrofitted.The survey results show that the respondents felt that the impact of retrofitting work on transferring knowledge in the communities was not significant.However,the respondents felt that the retrofitting work had a definite impact on raising awareness of disaster risks and measures for disaster risk reduction.展开更多
文摘Ethiopia has a mountainous landscape which can be divided into the Northwestern and Southeastern plateaus by the Main Ethiopian Rift and Afar Depression. Debre Sina area is located in Central Ethiopia along the escarpment where landslide problem is frequent due to steep slope, complex geology, rift tectonics, heavy rainfall and seismicity. In order to tackle this problem, preparing a landslide susceptibility map is very important. For this, GISbased frequency ratio(FR) and logistic regression(LR) models have been applied using landslide inventory and the nine landslide factors(i.e. lithology, land use, distance from river & fault, slope, aspect, elevation, curvature and annual rainfall). Database construction, weighting each factor classes or factors, preparing susceptibility map and validation were the major steps to be undertaken. Both models require a rasterized landslide inventory and landslide factor maps. The former was classified into training and validation landslides. Using FR model, weights for each factor classes were calculated and assigned so that all the weighted factor maps can be added to produce a landslide susceptibility map. In the case of LR model, the entire study area is firstly divided into landslide and non-landslide areas using the training landslides. Then, these areas are changed into landslide and non-landslide points so as to extract the FR maps of the nine landslide factors. Then a linear relationship is established between training landslides and landslide factors in SPSS. Based on this relationship, the final landslide susceptibility map is prepared using LR equation. The success-rate and prediction-rate of FR model were 74.8% and 73.5%, while in case of LR model these were 75.7% and 74.5% respectively. A close similarity in the prediction and validation rates showed that the model is acceptable. Accuracy of LR model is slightly better in predicting the landslide susceptibility of the area compared to FR model.
文摘Roadside slope failure is a common problem in the Himalayan region as road construction activities disturb natural slopes. Therefore, landslide susceptibility zonation is necessary for roadside slope disaster management and planning development activities. In this study, we consider a 53-kin section of a major highway in Nepal where road services are suspended for several days in the monsoon season every year. A number of methods have been used for landslide susceptibility zonation. We employed a bivariate statistical approach for this study. Relevant thematic layer maps represent- ing various factors (e.g., slope, aspect, land use, lithology, drainage density, proximity to stream and proximity to road) that are related to landslide activity, have been prepared using Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. A total of 277 landslides (covering a total of 29.90 km2) of various dimensions have been identified in the area. A landslide susceptibility map was prepared by overlaying a landslide inventory map with various parameter maps segmented into various relevant classes. The landslide susceptibility index was seg- mented into five zones, viz. very low, low, moderate, high and very high susceptibility. Landslide susceptibility zonation maps are useful tools for the efficient planning and management of roadside slope repair and maintenance tasks in the Himalayan region.
文摘Some of the buildings in Aceh Province,Indonesia constructed after the 2004 earthquake and tsunami disaster were found vulnerable.The vulnerable buildings were retrofitted to make them safer and child friendly.Save the Children,one of the implementing agencies,assumed that the process of retrofitting would attract interest from the communities,raise their earthquake awareness,stimulate earthquake safe construction practices,and contribute to earthquake disaster risk reduction.It was also assumed that the retrofitting process would benefit the communities through knowledge transfer of safer construction practices.To assess the impact on awareness and knowledge transfer of the retrofitting work carried out by Save the Children from 2005 to 2008,a survey was carried out in 2009.A total of 104 people who were directly involved in the retrofitting/rehabilitation process were interviewed.The survey covered four districts in Aceh Province,Indonesia where schools,health facilities,and houses were retrofitted.The survey results show that the respondents felt that the impact of retrofitting work on transferring knowledge in the communities was not significant.However,the respondents felt that the retrofitting work had a definite impact on raising awareness of disaster risks and measures for disaster risk reduction.