Objective. To assess the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of 8-to 12-year-old children undergoing therapy for cancer or childhood-cancer survivors by using the Minneapolis-Manchester Quality of Life-Youth Form(MM...Objective. To assess the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of 8-to 12-year-old children undergoing therapy for cancer or childhood-cancer survivors by using the Minneapolis-Manchester Quality of Life-Youth Form(MMQL-YF),a comprehensive,multidimensional self-report instrument with demonstrable reliability and validity. Design,Setting,and Patients. The MMQL-YF consists of 32 items comprising 4 scales:physical functioning,psychologic functioning,physical symptoms,and outlook on life. Scoring on the MMQL ranges from 1 to 5; 5 indicates maximal HRQL. An overall quality-of life (QOL) score is also computed. By using a cross-sectional study design,the MMQL-YF was administered to 90 off-therapy cancer survivors,72 children with cancer undergoing active therapy,and 481 healthy children without a history of cancer or other chronic disease. Results. Compared with healthy controls,children actively undergoing cancer treatment report low overall QOL,physical functioning,and outlook-on-life scores. However,off-therapy survivors report a superior overall QOL,compared with age-matched healthy controls. Conclusions. Young survivors of childhood cancer report a favorable HRQL relative to healthy controls. These results are reassuring,suggesting that this group of survivors may have been too young to encounter some of the negative psychosocial impacts of cancer and its treatment.展开更多
This study examined the individual and simultaneous adsorption of SO{in{itx}} (SO{in{it2}}) and NO{in{itx}} (NO-NO{in{it2}}) on activated carbon prepared from waste palm shell. The adsorption process was examined in a...This study examined the individual and simultaneous adsorption of SO{in{itx}} (SO{in{it2}}) and NO{in{itx}} (NO-NO{in{it2}}) on activated carbon prepared from waste palm shell. The adsorption process was examined in a fixed bed reactor at low temperatures (100\2-300\dgC). For individual adsorption without any catalytic activation, SO{in{itx}} showed good adsorption whereas NO{in{itx}} was very much poor. In the simultaneous adsorption of SO{in{itx}} and NO{in{itx}}, SO{in{itx}} showed greater adsorption affinity than NO{itx}. For palm shell activated carbon (PSAC) impregnated with metal catalyst (Ni and Ce) the concentration adsorbed profile showed that the amount of SO{in{itx}} adsorbed decreased regularly, while the amount of the adsorbed NO{in{itx}} increased irregularly. The properties of the pure and impregnated PSAC were analyzed by BET, SEM and EDX. These investigations indicated that PSAC impregnated with metal catalyst is the determining factor in the adsorption of SO{in{itx}} and NO{in{itx}} simultaneously.展开更多
文摘Objective. To assess the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of 8-to 12-year-old children undergoing therapy for cancer or childhood-cancer survivors by using the Minneapolis-Manchester Quality of Life-Youth Form(MMQL-YF),a comprehensive,multidimensional self-report instrument with demonstrable reliability and validity. Design,Setting,and Patients. The MMQL-YF consists of 32 items comprising 4 scales:physical functioning,psychologic functioning,physical symptoms,and outlook on life. Scoring on the MMQL ranges from 1 to 5; 5 indicates maximal HRQL. An overall quality-of life (QOL) score is also computed. By using a cross-sectional study design,the MMQL-YF was administered to 90 off-therapy cancer survivors,72 children with cancer undergoing active therapy,and 481 healthy children without a history of cancer or other chronic disease. Results. Compared with healthy controls,children actively undergoing cancer treatment report low overall QOL,physical functioning,and outlook-on-life scores. However,off-therapy survivors report a superior overall QOL,compared with age-matched healthy controls. Conclusions. Young survivors of childhood cancer report a favorable HRQL relative to healthy controls. These results are reassuring,suggesting that this group of survivors may have been too young to encounter some of the negative psychosocial impacts of cancer and its treatment.
基金Supported financially by Yayasan FELDA, Malaysia (Grant No. 6050075)
文摘This study examined the individual and simultaneous adsorption of SO{in{itx}} (SO{in{it2}}) and NO{in{itx}} (NO-NO{in{it2}}) on activated carbon prepared from waste palm shell. The adsorption process was examined in a fixed bed reactor at low temperatures (100\2-300\dgC). For individual adsorption without any catalytic activation, SO{in{itx}} showed good adsorption whereas NO{in{itx}} was very much poor. In the simultaneous adsorption of SO{in{itx}} and NO{in{itx}}, SO{in{itx}} showed greater adsorption affinity than NO{itx}. For palm shell activated carbon (PSAC) impregnated with metal catalyst (Ni and Ce) the concentration adsorbed profile showed that the amount of SO{in{itx}} adsorbed decreased regularly, while the amount of the adsorbed NO{in{itx}} increased irregularly. The properties of the pure and impregnated PSAC were analyzed by BET, SEM and EDX. These investigations indicated that PSAC impregnated with metal catalyst is the determining factor in the adsorption of SO{in{itx}} and NO{in{itx}} simultaneously.
