The Monte Carlo particle numbering scheme presented here is intended to facilitate interfacing between event generators, detector simulators, and analysis packages used in particle physics. The numbering scheme was in...The Monte Carlo particle numbering scheme presented here is intended to facilitate interfacing between event generators, detector simulators, and analysis packages used in particle physics. The numbering scheme was introduced in 1988 [1] and a revised version [2,3] was adopted in 1998 in order to allow systematic inclusion of quark model states which are as yet undiscovered and hypothetical particles such as SUSY particles. The numbering scheme is used in several event generators, e.g. HERWIG, PYTHIA, and SHERPA, and interfaces, e.g. /HEPEVT/and HepMC.展开更多
A golden age for heavy quarkonium physics dawned at the turn of this century, initiated by the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics （QCD） and an explosion of related experimental activity. The s...A golden age for heavy quarkonium physics dawned at the turn of this century, initiated by the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics （QCD） and an explosion of related experimental activity. The subsequent broad spectrum of breakthroughs, surprises, and continuing puzzles had not been anticipated. In that period, the BESII program concluded only to give birth to BESIII; the B-factories and CLEO-c flourished; quarkonium production and polarization measurements at HERA and the Tevatron matured; and heavyion collisions at RHIC opened a window on the deconfinement regime. Recently also ATLAS, CMS and LHCb started to contribute to the field. For an extensive presentation of the status of heavy quarkonium physics, the reader is referred to several reviews [1-8]. This note focuses on experimental developments in heavy quarkonium spectroscopy with very few theoretical comments. Some other comments on possible theoretical interpretations of the states not predicted by the quark model are presented in the mini-review on non qq-states.展开更多
Since 2002, the treatment of the branching ratios of the φ（2S） and Xc0,1,2 has undergone an important restructuring. When measuring a branching ratio experimentally, it is not always possible to normalize the numbe...Since 2002, the treatment of the branching ratios of the φ（2S） and Xc0,1,2 has undergone an important restructuring. When measuring a branching ratio experimentally, it is not always possible to normalize the number of events observed in the corresponding decay mode to the total number of particles produced. Therefore, the experimenters sometimes report the number of observed decays with respect to another decay mode of the same or another particle in the relevant decay chain. This is actually equivalent to measuring combinations of branching fractions of several decay modes.展开更多
文摘The Monte Carlo particle numbering scheme presented here is intended to facilitate interfacing between event generators, detector simulators, and analysis packages used in particle physics. The numbering scheme was introduced in 1988 [1] and a revised version [2,3] was adopted in 1998 in order to allow systematic inclusion of quark model states which are as yet undiscovered and hypothetical particles such as SUSY particles. The numbering scheme is used in several event generators, e.g. HERWIG, PYTHIA, and SHERPA, and interfaces, e.g. /HEPEVT/and HepMC.
文摘A golden age for heavy quarkonium physics dawned at the turn of this century, initiated by the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics （QCD） and an explosion of related experimental activity. The subsequent broad spectrum of breakthroughs, surprises, and continuing puzzles had not been anticipated. In that period, the BESII program concluded only to give birth to BESIII; the B-factories and CLEO-c flourished; quarkonium production and polarization measurements at HERA and the Tevatron matured; and heavyion collisions at RHIC opened a window on the deconfinement regime. Recently also ATLAS, CMS and LHCb started to contribute to the field. For an extensive presentation of the status of heavy quarkonium physics, the reader is referred to several reviews [1-8]. This note focuses on experimental developments in heavy quarkonium spectroscopy with very few theoretical comments. Some other comments on possible theoretical interpretations of the states not predicted by the quark model are presented in the mini-review on non qq-states.
文摘Since 2002, the treatment of the branching ratios of the φ（2S） and Xc0,1,2 has undergone an important restructuring. When measuring a branching ratio experimentally, it is not always possible to normalize the number of events observed in the corresponding decay mode to the total number of particles produced. Therefore, the experimenters sometimes report the number of observed decays with respect to another decay mode of the same or another particle in the relevant decay chain. This is actually equivalent to measuring combinations of branching fractions of several decay modes.
