TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF PERMEABILITY OF Co_(66)Fe_4Mo_2Si_(16)B_(12) ALLOY

At different annealing temperatures, the saturation magnetostrictions and the correlation between the permeability μi and the temperature T （μi-T curves） of the Co66Fe4Mo2Si16B12 alloy were investigated using a small-angle magnetization tester and core tester. The experimental results showed that the μi-T curves had different shapes at different ranges of annealing temperature; the permeability μi of the alloy improved with the increase of the annealing temperatures below 460℃; when the alloy was annealed above 480℃, the poor magnetic properties were considered to be caused by larger saturation magnetostriction.

A Power Penalty Approach to Numerical Solutions of Two-Asset American Options

This paper aims to develop a power penalty method for a linear parabolic variational inequality （VI） in two spatial dimensions governing the two-asset American option valuation. This method yields a two-dimensional nonlinear parabolic PDE containing a power penalty term with penalty constant λ〉 1 and a power parameter k 〉 0. We show that the nonlinear PDE is uniquely solvable and the solution of the PDE converges to that of the VI at the rate of order O（λ^-k/2）. A fitted finite volume method is designed to solve the nonlinear PDE, and some numerical experiments are performed to illustrate the usefulness of this method.

Complete Maps for the Internal Oxidation of Ideal Ternary Alloys Forming Insoluble Oxides under High Oxidant Pressures

This paper presents an analysis of the conditions of stability of the different forms of internal oxidation of ideal ternary A-B-C alloys,where A is the most noble and C the most reactive component, forming insoluble oxide and exposed to high pressures of a single oxidant.The treatment,based on an extension to ternary alloys of Wagner' s criterion for the transition from internal to external oxidation in binary alloys,allows to predict the existence of three different forms of internal oxidation.In fact,in addition to the most common kinds of internal attack,involving the coupled internal oxidation of B+C beneath external AO scales and the internal oxidation of C beneath external BO scales,a third mode, involving the internal oxidation of C beneath external scales composed of mixtures of AO+BO,becomes also possible under special conditions.A combination of the boundary conditions for the existence of these different types of internal oxidation allows to predict three different kinds of complete maps for the internal oxidation in these systems,one of which involves only two modes,while the other two involve all the three possible modes of internal oxidation.

Comparison between lighting performance of a virtual natural lighting solutions prototype and a real window based on computer simulation

This article discusses the measurement and simulation of a first generation prototype of Virtual Natural Lighting Solutions （VNLS）, which are systems that can artificially provide natural lighting as well as a realistic outside view, with properties comparable to those of real windows and skylights. Examples of employing Radiance as a simulation tool to predict the lighting performance of such solutions are shown, for a particular case study of a VNLS prototype displaying variations of a simplified view of overcast, clear, and partly cloudy skies. Measurement and simulation were conducted to evaluate the iUuminance distribution on workptane level. The key point of this study is to show that simulations can be used to compare an actual VNLS prototype with a hypothetical real window under the same sky scenes, which was physically not possible, since the test room was not located at the building＇s facade. It is found that the investigated prototype yields a less rapidly drop iUuminance distribution and a larger average illuminance than the corresponding real window, under the overcast （52 lx compared to 28 lx） and partly cloudy （102 lx compared to 80 lx） sky scenes. Under the clear sky scene, the real window yields a larger averase illuminance （97 lx） compared to the prototype （71 lx）, due to the influence of direct sunlight.

Plated contacts for solar cells with superior adhesion strength to screen printed solar cells

The improvement of adhesion strength and durability of plated contacts is required for cell manufacturers to gain confidence for large-scale manufacturing. To overcome weak adhesion at the metal/Si interface, new approaches were developed. These involve the formation of laser-ablated anchor points, or grooves in the extreme case of overlapping anchor points, in the heavily doped silicon surface. When plated, these features greatly strengthen the mechanical adhesion strength of the metal. A stylus-based adhesion tester was developed specifically for evaluating the effectiveness of plated contacts to smooth silicon surfaces. The use of such a tester was also extended in this work to textured and roughened surfaces to allow evaluation of different metal contacting approaches. The adhesion strengths for various metal contacting schemes were evaluated, including screenprinted silver contacts, nickel/copper （Ni/Cu） light- induced plated （LIP） contacts for laser-doped selective emitter （LDSE） ceils, buried-contact solar cells （BCSCs）, and Ni/Cu LIP contacts formed with laser-ablated anchoring points in selective emitter （LAASE） cells. The latter has superior adhesion strength. The standard ＂peel test＂ of the industry was compared to the stylus-based adhesion testing, with the latter shown value for testing metal contacts on smooth surfaces but with caution needed for use with textured or roughened surfaces.