Melting heat transfer with radiative effects and homogeneous–heterogeneous reaction in thermally stratified stagnation flow embedded in porous medium

The present article deals with thermally stratified stagnation-point flow saturated in porous medium on surface of variable thickness along with more convincing and reliable surface condition termed as melting heat transfer.Homogeneous–heterogeneous reaction and radiative effects have been further taken into account to reconnoiterproperties of heat transfer.Melting heat transfer and phenomenon of homogeneous–heterogeneous reaction have engrossed widespread utilization in purification of metals,welding process,electroslag melting,biochemical systems,catalysis and several industrial developments.Suitable transformations are utilized to attain a scheme of ordinary differential equations possessing exceedingly nonlinear nature.Homotopic process is employed to develop convergent solutions of the resulting problem.Discussion regarding velocity,thermal field and concentration distribution for several involved parameters is pivotal part.Graphical behaviors of skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are also portrayed.Concentration of the reactants is found to depreciate as a result of strength of both heterogeneous and homogeneous reaction parameters.With existence of melting phenomenon,declining attitude of fluid temperature is observed for higher radiation parameter.

Magneto-hydrodynamic flow of squeezed fluid with binary chemical reaction and activation energy

The present exploration is conducted to describe the motion of viscous fluid embedded in squeezed channel under the applied magnetics effects.The processes of heat and mass transport incorporate the temperature-dependent binary chemical reaction with modified Arrhenius theory of activation energy function which is not yet disclosed for squeezing flow mechanism.The flow,heat and mass regime are exposed to be governed via dimensionless,highly non-linear,ordinary differential equations (ODEs) under no-slip walls boundary conditions.A well-tempered analytical convergent procedure is adopted for the solutions of boundary value problem.A detailed study is accounted through graphs in the form of flow velocity field,temperature and fluid concentration distributions for various emerging parameters of enormous interest.Skin-friction,Nusselt and Sherwood numbers have been acquired and disclosed through plots.The results indicate that fluid temperature follows an increasing trend with dominant dimensionless reaction rate σ and activation energy parameter E.However,an increment in σ and E parameters is found to decline in fluid concentration.The current study arises numerous engineering and industrial processes including polymer industry,compression and injection shaping,lubrication system,formation of paper sheets,thin fiber,molding of plastic sheets.In the area of chemical engineering,geothermal engineering,cooling of nuclear reacting,nuclear or chemical system,bimolecular reactions,biochemical process and electrically conducting polymeric flows can be controlled by utilizing magnetic fields.Motivated by such applications,the proposed study has been developed.

Pulsed ion beam-assisted carburizing of titanium in methane discharge

The carburizing of titanium （Ti） is accomplished by utilizing energetic ion pulses of a 1.5 kJ Mather type dense plasma focus （DPF） device operated in methane discharge. X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis confirms the deposition of polycrystalline titanium carbide （TIC）. The samples carburized at lower axial and angular positions show an improved texture for a typical （200）TIC plane. The Williamson-Hall method is employed to estimate average crystallite size and microstrains in the carburized Ti surface. Crystallite size is found to vary from - 50 to 100 nm, depending on the deposition parameters. Microstrains vary with the sample position and hence ion flux, and are converted from tensile to compressive by increasing the flux. The carburizing of Ti is confirmed by two major doublets extending from 300 to 390 cm^-1 and from 560 to 620 cm^-1 corresponding to acoustic and optical active modes in Raman spectra, respectively. Analyses by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy （SEM/EDS） have provided qualitative and quantitative profiles of the carburized surface. The Vickers microhardness of Ti is significantly improved after carburizing.

Effects of Supplementing Various Linoleic to α-linolenic Acid Ratios and Vitamin A on Production Performance and Egg Characteristics of Laying Hens during Summer Months

In the present feeding trial,responses of laying hens that were kept at high ambient temperature and Fed with various dietary ratios of linoleic acid(LNA)toα-linolenic acid(ALA)and vitamin A levels on production performance and egg quality traits were evaluated.A total of 360 Leghorn laying hens at 40th week of age(average initial body weight;1.79±0.23 kg)were fed with various combinations of canola oil and linseed oil containing diets to achieve LNA to ALA dietary ratios of 20:1,10:1,4:1,2:1,1:1 and 1:2,each supplemented with 3000 or 10000 IU of vitamin A/kg of diet.The experiment was designed as a 6×2 factorial Completely Randomized Design that continued for 12 weeks.Feed intake,body weight gain,egg production and egg quality traits were recorded during the trial.Decreasing dietary LNA to ALA ratio or increasing poly unsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)in the diet decreased(P<0.05)body weight gain and yolk percentage in laying hens.Feed intake,hen-day and hen-housed egg production,feed conversion ratio(FCR)per dozen of eggs and shell quality remained unaffected(P>0.05)by dietary treatments.Feed conversion ratio per kg eggs,egg weight and egg-shell thickness showed a curvilinear(P<0.05)response to decreasing dietary LNA to ALA ratio.Although the dietary ratio of LNA to ALA of 4:1 or less could produce eggs by the hens with desirable quantities of n-6 and n-3 PUFA–that are characteristics of functional diets–the performance of laying hens in terms of body weight gain and egg-yolk percentage was slightly compromised.Therefore,a 4:1 or 2:1 LNA to ALA combination can make a borderline between the production traits and the feed economics.

Investigation of generalized Fick's and Fourier's laws in the second-grade fluid flow

The second-grade fluid flow due to a rotating porous stretchable disk is modeled and analyzed. A porous medium is characterized by the Darcy relation. The heat and mass transport are characterized through Cattaneo-Christov double diffusions.The thermal and solutal stratifications at the surface are also accounted. The relevant nonlinear ordinary differential systems after using appropriate transformations are solved for the solutions with the homotopy analysis method(HAM). The effects of various involved variables on the temperature, velocity, concentration, skin friction, mass transfer rate, and heat transfer rate are discussed through graphs. From the obtained results,decreasing tendencies for the radial, axial, and tangential velocities are observed. Temperature is a decreasing function of the Reynolds number, thermal relaxation parameter,and Prandtl number. Moreover, the mass diffusivity decreases with the Schmidt number.

DCP和液体NR对NR/PS共混体物理性能的影响

有关橡胶-塑料共混体的研究已有许多文献报道。由简单的加工方法获得的橡塑共混体具有宽广的性能,因此,从工艺上说它们在工业应用中是相当重要的。这种材料被称做热塑性橡胶,即它们在适当的加工温度下可以象塑料一样模制。

Investigations of Viscous Dissipation in Stagnation Point Flow Past a Stretchable Riga Wall: Modern Analysis of Heat Transport

This article scrutinizes the features of viscous dissipation in the stagnation point ?ow past through a linearly stretched Riga wall by implementing Cattaneo-Christov heat ?ux model. Viscous dissipation is carried out in Cattaneo-Christov diffusion analysis for the ?rst time in this letter. As a result of Cattaneo-Christov model, some extra terms of viscous dissipation are appeared in the energy equation. These extra terms of viscous dissipation are missing in the literature. On the utilization of suitable transformations, the equations governing the problem are reduced under the boundary layer approximation into the non-linear and dimensionless ordinary differential equations. Convergent approach is utilized to solve the dimensionless governing equations. The solution thus acquired is used to highlight the effects of emerging parameters on velocity distribution and ?uid's temperature through the graphs. Features of the drag force(or skin friction co-e?cient) are graphically interpreted. It is noticed that the presence of modi?ed Hartman number helps to reduce the ?uid's temperature but enhances the velocity pro?le. Further an enlargement in the value of thermal time relaxation parameter helps to decrease the temperature distribution.

Chaetomium-like fungi causing opportunistic infections in humans:a possible role for extremotolerance

Members of the family Chaetomiaceae are ubiquitous ascosporulating fungi commonly,which reside in soil enriched with manure or cellulosic materials.Their role as human pathogens is largely ignored.However,the ability of some species to grow at high temperature enables them to play an important role as opportunistic pathogens.The family contains several genera and species that have never been reported to cause human infection.Hereby,three new species are described;two belong to the genus Subramaniula and one represents a Chaetomium species.Subramaniula asteroides was isolated from various sources including eye and skin infections as well as from the natural environment,and S.obscura was isolated from a toe infection.Chaetomium anamorphosum was isolated from a kidney transplant patient suffering from fungal peritonitis.All species described were previously misidentified as Papulaspora spp.due to the formation of cellular clumps or bulbil-like structures,which are characteristic of Papulaspora.The isolates failed to form sexual fruit bodies and ascospores remained absent,which is an unusual feature for the generally ascosporulating genera Chaetomium and Subramaniula;minute conidia from phialides were sometimes observed.

Damped Kadomtsev–Petviashvili Equation for Weakly Dissipative Solitons in Dense Relativistic Degenerate Plasmas

We have investigated the properties of three-dimensional electrostatic ion solitary structures in highly dense collisional plasma composed of ultra-relativistically degenerate electrons and non-relativistic degenerate ions. In the limit of low ion-neutral collision rate, we have derived a damped Kadomtsev–Petviashvili(KP) equation using perturbation analysis. Supplemented by vanishing boundary conditions, the time varying solution of damped KP equation leads to a weakly dissipative compressive soliton. The real frequency behavior and linear damping of solitary pulse due to ion-neutral collisions is discussed. In the presence of weak transverse perturbations, soliton evolution with damping parameter and plasma density is delineated pointing out the extent of propagation using typical parameters of dense plasma in the interior of white dwarfs.