Thin films of VO_(2)single-crystalline on(0001)sapphire substrates have been prepared by visible pulsed laser ablation technique.The crystal quality and properties of the films are evaluated through electrical resista...Thin films of VO_(2)single-crystalline on(0001)sapphire substrates have been prepared by visible pulsed laser ablation technique.The crystal quality and properties of the films are evaluated through electrical resistance measurement,x-ray diffraction(XRD),and Rutherford-backscattering spectroscopy/channeling(RBS/C)analysis.The dependence of the surface electrical resistance of the films on the temperature shows semiconductor-to-metal transitions with the resistance change of 7×10^(3)-2×10^(4).The hysteresis widths are from less than 1 to 3 K.XRD and RBS/C data reveal that the films prepared in particular conditions are single-crystalline VO_(2)with the(010)planes parallel to the surface of the sapphire substrate.展开更多
MHD stability of the Large Helical Device (LHD) plasmas produced with intenseneutral beam injection is experimentally studied. When the steep pressure gradient near the edge isproduced through L-H transition or linear...MHD stability of the Large Helical Device (LHD) plasmas produced with intenseneutral beam injection is experimentally studied. When the steep pressure gradient near the edge isproduced through L-H transition or linear density ramp experiment, interchange-like MHD modes whoserational surface is located very close to the last closed flux surface are strongly excited in acertain discharge condition and affect the plasma transport appreciably. In NBI-heated plasmasproduced at low toroidal field, various Alfven eigenmodes are often excited. Bursting toroidalAlfven egenmodes excited by the presence of energetic ions induce appreciable amount of energeticion loss, but also trigger the formation of internal and edge transport barriers.展开更多
Spontaneous transition of the plasma confinement mode was observed in thehelical-axis heliotron device 'Heliotron J' for three different plasma heating schemes, i.e.ECH-only, NBI-only and the combination of EC...Spontaneous transition of the plasma confinement mode was observed in thehelical-axis heliotron device 'Heliotron J' for three different plasma heating schemes, i.e.ECH-only, NBI-only and the combination of ECH and NBI. The transition seems to occur above a certaincritical density. In addition to the confinement transition, a spontaneous shift of the hittingposition of the divertor plasma flux on the wall was observed. This shift could be related with thechange of the edge field topology caused by non-inductive toroidal currents.展开更多
Geological observations indicate that there are only a few rocks of Archean Earth and no Hadean rocks on the surface of the present-day Earth.From these facts,many scientists believe that the primordial continents nev...Geological observations indicate that there are only a few rocks of Archean Earth and no Hadean rocks on the surface of the present-day Earth.From these facts,many scientists believe that the primordial continents never existed during Hadean Earth,and the continental volume has kept increasing.On the other hand,recent studies reported the importance of the primordial continents on the origin of life,implying their existence.In this paper,we discussed the possible process that could explain the loss of the primordial continents with the assumption that they existed in the Hadean.Although depending on the timing of the initiation of plate tectonics and its convection style,subduction erosion,which is observed on the present-day Earth,might have carried the primordial continents into the deep mantle.展开更多
The paper presents first Ue Pb zircon ages and geochemical data from Carboniferous granitoids（tonalites and plagiogranites） of the Char sutureeshear zone in East Kazakhstan, which is located in the northwestern Cent...The paper presents first Ue Pb zircon ages and geochemical data from Carboniferous granitoids（tonalites and plagiogranites） of the Char sutureeshear zone in East Kazakhstan, which is located in the northwestern Central Asian Orogenic Belt（CAOB）. The study included analysis of geological setting, major and trace elements, and rock petrogenesis. The Char tonalites and plagiogranites occur as NW-striking linear chains inside Visean serpentinite mélange. Petrographycally, the tonalites show signs of syntectonic deformation, and the plagiogranites are less deformed suggesting their later intrusion. The tonalites yielded a LA-ICP-MS zircon age of ca. 323 Ma, i.e. exactly at the boundary between the early and late Carboniferous. Compositionally, the tonalites and plagiogranites are characterized, respectively, by high SiO2（67-70 and 73-74 wt.%） and Al2O3（17-19 and 14-15 wt.%）, Sr/Y 〉 40 and low Yb=0.2-0.5 ppm.Their multi-element patterns show clear Nb-Ta negative anomalies. The low Nb/Ta ratios（7-15） and Zr（114-191 ppm） suggest a MORB-type protolith（amphibolite） with subchondritic Nb/Ta（8-17） and low Zr（1-72 ppm）. The low contents of K and Rb suggest weak assimilation of the melts by island arc felsic crust. The subchondritic Nb/Ta ratios exclude their derivation by the melting of subducted/dehydrated MORB. We argue that the Char high-Al tonalites and plagiogranites formed by the melting of hydrated MORB at the base of the mafic lower crust at pressures of 10-15 kbar. The occurrences of the Char tonalites and plagiogranites inside the Visean serpentinite mélange overlapped by Serpukhovian conglomerates, their alignment parallel to deformation zones, and their geochemical features suggest their origin by the melting of mafic lower crust in relation to the collision of the Siberian and Kazakhstan continents.展开更多
1977年广岛大学计算中心的成员研制成一个新的书目情报检索系统.该系统称为HUNDRED系统(Hiroshima Umirsity New Document Retrieval and Dissemination,广岛大学新文献检索与传播系统).研制HUNDRED系统的主要目的.是在实际情报检索系统...1977年广岛大学计算中心的成员研制成一个新的书目情报检索系统.该系统称为HUNDRED系统(Hiroshima Umirsity New Document Retrieval and Dissemination,广岛大学新文献检索与传播系统).研制HUNDRED系统的主要目的.是在实际情报检索系统中,实现最优化文档平衡组织方案的理论.另一方面,该大学图书馆成员计划并着手利用该系统为大学师生提供文献检索服务.本文将介绍该检索系统及检索服务的某些特点.展开更多
A fast video camera is verified to be a powerful t0ol for observation of filaments/blobs near the last closed flux surface （LCFS）. In order to extract the fluctuation component from the raw data of the fast camera, ...A fast video camera is verified to be a powerful t0ol for observation of filaments/blobs near the last closed flux surface （LCFS）. In order to extract the fluctuation component from the raw data of the fast camera, a pre-processing technique, sliding time window averaging subtraction （STWAS） has been developed to remove the background of slowly varying emission from the bulk plasma. By using this pre-processing technique, the fast camera data are analyzed. A method to identify the filaments in the pre-processed image is also discussed.展开更多
Paddy fields in the southeastern basin of Dianchi Lake have rapidly changed to greenhouses since 1999. A total of 61 surface soil samples, including 43 greenhouse soils, 12 upland soils, and 6 paddy soils, were collec...Paddy fields in the southeastern basin of Dianchi Lake have rapidly changed to greenhouses since 1999. A total of 61 surface soil samples, including 43 greenhouse soils, 12 upland soils, and 6 paddy soils, were collected from a flat lowland area mainly used for agricultural production fields in the southeastern basin of Dianchi Lake. Analyses of the soil samples indicated that the greenhouse soils were characterized by a lower organic matter content, lower pH, and higher soluble nutrients than the paddy soils in the area. The lower organic matter content of the greenhouse soils was ascribed to environmental or management factors rather than the clay content of the soil. Accumulation of soluble nutrients, especially inorganic N, was due to over-application of fertilizers, which also caused soil acidification. The average amount of readily available N, P, and K accumulated in the greenhouse soils was estimated to be equal to or higher than the annual input of these nutrients as a fertilizer, indicating that a reduction in fertilizer application was possible and recommended. In contrast, a very low available Si content was observed in the paddy soils, suggesting the need for Si application for rice production.展开更多
文摘Thin films of VO_(2)single-crystalline on(0001)sapphire substrates have been prepared by visible pulsed laser ablation technique.The crystal quality and properties of the films are evaluated through electrical resistance measurement,x-ray diffraction(XRD),and Rutherford-backscattering spectroscopy/channeling(RBS/C)analysis.The dependence of the surface electrical resistance of the films on the temperature shows semiconductor-to-metal transitions with the resistance change of 7×10^(3)-2×10^(4).The hysteresis widths are from less than 1 to 3 K.XRD and RBS/C data reveal that the films prepared in particular conditions are single-crystalline VO_(2)with the(010)planes parallel to the surface of the sapphire substrate.
基金The project supported by the Core-University Program between Japan and China on Plasmas and Nuclear Fusion, and a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
文摘MHD stability of the Large Helical Device (LHD) plasmas produced with intenseneutral beam injection is experimentally studied. When the steep pressure gradient near the edge isproduced through L-H transition or linear density ramp experiment, interchange-like MHD modes whoserational surface is located very close to the last closed flux surface are strongly excited in acertain discharge condition and affect the plasma transport appreciably. In NBI-heated plasmasproduced at low toroidal field, various Alfven eigenmodes are often excited. Bursting toroidalAlfven egenmodes excited by the presence of energetic ions induce appreciable amount of energeticion loss, but also trigger the formation of internal and edge transport barriers.
基金The project partially supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Science Research of MEXT in Japan and by the Collaboration Program of the Laboratory for Complex Energy ProcessesIAEKyoto University
文摘Spontaneous transition of the plasma confinement mode was observed in thehelical-axis heliotron device 'Heliotron J' for three different plasma heating schemes, i.e.ECH-only, NBI-only and the combination of ECH and NBI. The transition seems to occur above a certaincritical density. In addition to the confinement transition, a spontaneous shift of the hittingposition of the divertor plasma flux on the wall was observed. This shift could be related with thechange of the edge field topology caused by non-inductive toroidal currents.
基金supported by JSPS KAKENHI(Grand-in-Aid for Scientific Research(S)) Grant No.23224012(Growth of the second continent and mantle)
文摘Geological observations indicate that there are only a few rocks of Archean Earth and no Hadean rocks on the surface of the present-day Earth.From these facts,many scientists believe that the primordial continents never existed during Hadean Earth,and the continental volume has kept increasing.On the other hand,recent studies reported the importance of the primordial continents on the origin of life,implying their existence.In this paper,we discussed the possible process that could explain the loss of the primordial continents with the assumption that they existed in the Hadean.Although depending on the timing of the initiation of plate tectonics and its convection style,subduction erosion,which is observed on the present-day Earth,might have carried the primordial continents into the deep mantle.
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation,Project No.15-17-10010supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia(project No.14.B25.31.0032).Contribution to IGCP#592
文摘The paper presents first Ue Pb zircon ages and geochemical data from Carboniferous granitoids（tonalites and plagiogranites） of the Char sutureeshear zone in East Kazakhstan, which is located in the northwestern Central Asian Orogenic Belt（CAOB）. The study included analysis of geological setting, major and trace elements, and rock petrogenesis. The Char tonalites and plagiogranites occur as NW-striking linear chains inside Visean serpentinite mélange. Petrographycally, the tonalites show signs of syntectonic deformation, and the plagiogranites are less deformed suggesting their later intrusion. The tonalites yielded a LA-ICP-MS zircon age of ca. 323 Ma, i.e. exactly at the boundary between the early and late Carboniferous. Compositionally, the tonalites and plagiogranites are characterized, respectively, by high SiO2（67-70 and 73-74 wt.%） and Al2O3（17-19 and 14-15 wt.%）, Sr/Y 〉 40 and low Yb=0.2-0.5 ppm.Their multi-element patterns show clear Nb-Ta negative anomalies. The low Nb/Ta ratios（7-15） and Zr（114-191 ppm） suggest a MORB-type protolith（amphibolite） with subchondritic Nb/Ta（8-17） and low Zr（1-72 ppm）. The low contents of K and Rb suggest weak assimilation of the melts by island arc felsic crust. The subchondritic Nb/Ta ratios exclude their derivation by the melting of subducted/dehydrated MORB. We argue that the Char high-Al tonalites and plagiogranites formed by the melting of hydrated MORB at the base of the mafic lower crust at pressures of 10-15 kbar. The occurrences of the Char tonalites and plagiogranites inside the Visean serpentinite mélange overlapped by Serpukhovian conglomerates, their alignment parallel to deformation zones, and their geochemical features suggest their origin by the melting of mafic lower crust in relation to the collision of the Siberian and Kazakhstan continents.
文摘1977年广岛大学计算中心的成员研制成一个新的书目情报检索系统.该系统称为HUNDRED系统(Hiroshima Umirsity New Document Retrieval and Dissemination,广岛大学新文献检索与传播系统).研制HUNDRED系统的主要目的.是在实际情报检索系统中,实现最优化文档平衡组织方案的理论.另一方面,该大学图书馆成员计划并着手利用该系统为大学师生提供文献检索服务.本文将介绍该检索系统及检索服务的某些特点.
文摘A fast video camera is verified to be a powerful t0ol for observation of filaments/blobs near the last closed flux surface （LCFS）. In order to extract the fluctuation component from the raw data of the fast camera, a pre-processing technique, sliding time window averaging subtraction （STWAS） has been developed to remove the background of slowly varying emission from the bulk plasma. By using this pre-processing technique, the fast camera data are analyzed. A method to identify the filaments in the pre-processed image is also discussed.
基金Supported by the JSPS KAKENHI,Japan(No.21255007)
文摘Paddy fields in the southeastern basin of Dianchi Lake have rapidly changed to greenhouses since 1999. A total of 61 surface soil samples, including 43 greenhouse soils, 12 upland soils, and 6 paddy soils, were collected from a flat lowland area mainly used for agricultural production fields in the southeastern basin of Dianchi Lake. Analyses of the soil samples indicated that the greenhouse soils were characterized by a lower organic matter content, lower pH, and higher soluble nutrients than the paddy soils in the area. The lower organic matter content of the greenhouse soils was ascribed to environmental or management factors rather than the clay content of the soil. Accumulation of soluble nutrients, especially inorganic N, was due to over-application of fertilizers, which also caused soil acidification. The average amount of readily available N, P, and K accumulated in the greenhouse soils was estimated to be equal to or higher than the annual input of these nutrients as a fertilizer, indicating that a reduction in fertilizer application was possible and recommended. In contrast, a very low available Si content was observed in the paddy soils, suggesting the need for Si application for rice production.
