Engineering design in soft rocks and its stability analysis exerts many challenges to rock engineers. Many engineering works in Turkey’s Cappadocia region must face and tackle the existing sites covered by the soft r...Engineering design in soft rocks and its stability analysis exerts many challenges to rock engineers. Many engineering works in Turkey’s Cappadocia region must face and tackle the existing sites covered by the soft rocks. This study is aimed to examine the stability condition of a typical underground storage cavern(USC) excavated in a soft rock in this region. For this purpose, two-and threedimensional stability analyses of the USCs were performed using the finite element method(FEM).Because of the inherent difficulty in characterizing soft/weak rock masses in the region using traditional classification systems, the stability of a typical USC was evaluated by representing the rock mass condition with two distinct scenarios in FEM analysis.While these structures were unstable according to the 2D analysis conducted in RS2 software in the worstcase scenario, they were stable in the 3D analysis using RS3 software in both scenarios. Besides,feasible cover depths were examined to assess their possible effects on the factor of safety and deformation measurements. It was found that 15 m seems to be an optimal depth for excavating a typical USC in the soft rocks exposed in the region. The 3D FEM results provide valuable information to optimize the future planning and preliminary design of USCs.展开更多
Rockfalls are one of the most dangerous natural events in hilly terrains, and they substantially threaten residential areas and transport corridors in these environments. This study is aimed to analyze the risk of roc...Rockfalls are one of the most dangerous natural events in hilly terrains, and they substantially threaten residential areas and transport corridors in these environments. This study is aimed to analyze the risk of rockfall from a slope to nearby houses in a historical settlement with past rockfall histories. It contains numerous applications to study rockfall danger from different points of view(e.g., kinematics,numerical stability analysis, risk assessment, 2D trajectory). The rockfall kinematics revealed the statistics for different structurally controlled failure modes among the surveyed slope discontinuities,especially wedge type and block toppling were the most significant ones. Finite element analysis showed that the slope was stable under the natural condition with a safety factor of 2.19. The rockfall risk rating system calculated a medium risk for the houses downstream. Based on the field measurements, a possible rockfall profile was determined and located as an input in the 2D rockfall trajectory program. The rigid-body impact model runs utilized various shapes and sizes of blocks to simulate the rockfall events realistically. According to the 2D trajectory model results, there was no rockfall danger for the investigated downslope houses. The study showed the importance of using different analysis techniques to solve rockfall risk in protected areas based on scientific and rational approaches.展开更多
文摘Engineering design in soft rocks and its stability analysis exerts many challenges to rock engineers. Many engineering works in Turkey’s Cappadocia region must face and tackle the existing sites covered by the soft rocks. This study is aimed to examine the stability condition of a typical underground storage cavern(USC) excavated in a soft rock in this region. For this purpose, two-and threedimensional stability analyses of the USCs were performed using the finite element method(FEM).Because of the inherent difficulty in characterizing soft/weak rock masses in the region using traditional classification systems, the stability of a typical USC was evaluated by representing the rock mass condition with two distinct scenarios in FEM analysis.While these structures were unstable according to the 2D analysis conducted in RS2 software in the worstcase scenario, they were stable in the 3D analysis using RS3 software in both scenarios. Besides,feasible cover depths were examined to assess their possible effects on the factor of safety and deformation measurements. It was found that 15 m seems to be an optimal depth for excavating a typical USC in the soft rocks exposed in the region. The 3D FEM results provide valuable information to optimize the future planning and preliminary design of USCs.
文摘Rockfalls are one of the most dangerous natural events in hilly terrains, and they substantially threaten residential areas and transport corridors in these environments. This study is aimed to analyze the risk of rockfall from a slope to nearby houses in a historical settlement with past rockfall histories. It contains numerous applications to study rockfall danger from different points of view(e.g., kinematics,numerical stability analysis, risk assessment, 2D trajectory). The rockfall kinematics revealed the statistics for different structurally controlled failure modes among the surveyed slope discontinuities,especially wedge type and block toppling were the most significant ones. Finite element analysis showed that the slope was stable under the natural condition with a safety factor of 2.19. The rockfall risk rating system calculated a medium risk for the houses downstream. Based on the field measurements, a possible rockfall profile was determined and located as an input in the 2D rockfall trajectory program. The rigid-body impact model runs utilized various shapes and sizes of blocks to simulate the rockfall events realistically. According to the 2D trajectory model results, there was no rockfall danger for the investigated downslope houses. The study showed the importance of using different analysis techniques to solve rockfall risk in protected areas based on scientific and rational approaches.
