气候变化是导致生境丧失和生物多样性下降的主要因素之一。研究气候变化对物种生境的影响对于保护物种多样性,维护生态系统功能完整性具有重要意义。本研究以新疆为研究区域,以塔里木兔、草兔和雪兔为研究对象,选取可能影响它们生境分布...气候变化是导致生境丧失和生物多样性下降的主要因素之一。研究气候变化对物种生境的影响对于保护物种多样性,维护生态系统功能完整性具有重要意义。本研究以新疆为研究区域,以塔里木兔、草兔和雪兔为研究对象,选取可能影响它们生境分布的10个环境因子,利用MaxEnt模型预测它们当前和未来RCP 4.5和RCP 8.5两种气候情景下2041—2060年(2050s)、2061—2080年(2070s)的潜在生境分布,并找出影响生境分布的关键因子。研究结果表明,模型预测新疆兔属3个物种生境分布的精度达到较高水平,塔里木兔、草兔、雪兔的模型AUC值分别为0.955、0.853、0.940。从Jackknife环境变量重要性检验结果来看,影响塔里木兔生境分布的主要环境变量有最冷季均温、年均降雨量、坡度、最干季度平均温度;影响草兔生境分布的主要环境变量有最干月份降雨量、等温性、年平均降雨量、昼夜温差月均值;影响雪兔生境分布的主要环境变量有最干月份降雨量、最干月份降雨量、等温性、昼夜温差月均值。对于塔里木兔,当前气候条件下适宜生境面积为210031.3 km 2,主要分布在巴州、阿克苏地区、喀什地区东北部、和田地区西北部和东部。RCP 4.5气候情境下的2050年代和2070年代适宜生境面积分别缩小2.35%和扩大2.96%;RCP 8.5气候情境下的2个年代适宜生境面积分别缩小0.01%和扩大6.3%。对于草兔,当前气候条件下适宜生境面积为228981.3 km 2,主要分布在阿勒泰地区、塔城地区北部、伊宁县、沙湾县、克拉玛依、哈密市北部、南疆的乌恰县和塔西库尔干县;RCP 4.5气候情境下适宜生境面积缩小4.27%和5.37%;RCP 8.5气候情境下适宜生境面积缩小7.22%和5.97%;对于雪兔,当前气候条件下适宜生境面积为112269 km 2,主要分布在阿勒泰地区中北部、塔城地区北部、博州西部,伊宁县、尼勒克县等地区;RCP 4.5气候情境下适宜生境面积缩小5.68%和6.23%;RCP8.5气候情境下适宜生境面积缩小4.66%和4.21%。根据研究分析认为伴随着气候的变化新疆兔属3个物种潜在生境面积都出现不同程度的减小趋势,建议采取适应气候变化的保护措施。展开更多
Orogenesis of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,which occurred in a stepwise manner,contributed to the extreme aridity of the Tarim Basin,resulting in vulnerable and unstable ecosystems.Quaternary climatic oscillations may ...Orogenesis of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,which occurred in a stepwise manner,contributed to the extreme aridity of the Tarim Basin,resulting in vulnerable and unstable ecosystems.Quaternary climatic oscillations may have affected the ecosystems and,consequently,the distributions and genetic structuring of the Tarim Basin's biota.We used nucleotide sequence data from 2 mitochondrial (mt) DNA genes (Cyt b and the D-loop) to test hypotheses associated with the matrilineal and demographical histories of the Tarim Basin's endemic Yarkand hare (Lepus yarkandensis).Range-wide sampling involving 20 populations and 224 individuals detected 126 haplotypes that clustered into 5 major lineages in both the phylogenetic tree and median-joining network.Populations from the northern and eastern Tarim Basin shared a similar history,as did those from the western and southern regions.Demographical analysis and genetic diversity estimations suggested that the western and southern regions might have served as glacial refugia for the Yarkand hare during Quaternary climatic oscillations.The distribution of the Yarkand hare,especially in the northern and eastern parts,probably represented 3 postglacial colonization events,dated to 0.21,0.090 and 0.054 MYA,which corresponded to known interglacial periods.Given the relatively complete geographic isolation between the eastern and southern populations,the Yarkand hare likely dispersed during postglacial periods from the southwest to the north,and then onward to the east.The absence of water likely forced the species into refugia,and this differed from other Pleistocene biogeographical drivers.The demographical and historical patterns have important implications for conservation.展开更多
文摘气候变化是导致生境丧失和生物多样性下降的主要因素之一。研究气候变化对物种生境的影响对于保护物种多样性,维护生态系统功能完整性具有重要意义。本研究以新疆为研究区域,以塔里木兔、草兔和雪兔为研究对象,选取可能影响它们生境分布的10个环境因子,利用MaxEnt模型预测它们当前和未来RCP 4.5和RCP 8.5两种气候情景下2041—2060年(2050s)、2061—2080年(2070s)的潜在生境分布,并找出影响生境分布的关键因子。研究结果表明,模型预测新疆兔属3个物种生境分布的精度达到较高水平,塔里木兔、草兔、雪兔的模型AUC值分别为0.955、0.853、0.940。从Jackknife环境变量重要性检验结果来看,影响塔里木兔生境分布的主要环境变量有最冷季均温、年均降雨量、坡度、最干季度平均温度;影响草兔生境分布的主要环境变量有最干月份降雨量、等温性、年平均降雨量、昼夜温差月均值;影响雪兔生境分布的主要环境变量有最干月份降雨量、最干月份降雨量、等温性、昼夜温差月均值。对于塔里木兔,当前气候条件下适宜生境面积为210031.3 km 2,主要分布在巴州、阿克苏地区、喀什地区东北部、和田地区西北部和东部。RCP 4.5气候情境下的2050年代和2070年代适宜生境面积分别缩小2.35%和扩大2.96%;RCP 8.5气候情境下的2个年代适宜生境面积分别缩小0.01%和扩大6.3%。对于草兔,当前气候条件下适宜生境面积为228981.3 km 2,主要分布在阿勒泰地区、塔城地区北部、伊宁县、沙湾县、克拉玛依、哈密市北部、南疆的乌恰县和塔西库尔干县;RCP 4.5气候情境下适宜生境面积缩小4.27%和5.37%;RCP 8.5气候情境下适宜生境面积缩小7.22%和5.97%;对于雪兔,当前气候条件下适宜生境面积为112269 km 2,主要分布在阿勒泰地区中北部、塔城地区北部、博州西部,伊宁县、尼勒克县等地区;RCP 4.5气候情境下适宜生境面积缩小5.68%和6.23%;RCP8.5气候情境下适宜生境面积缩小4.66%和4.21%。根据研究分析认为伴随着气候的变化新疆兔属3个物种潜在生境面积都出现不同程度的减小趋势,建议采取适应气候变化的保护措施。
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (2007CB411600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30500061 and 31060152)+1 种基金the Research Start-up Fund of Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region for Young Teachers in University (XJEDU2008S03)the College-University United Project of Xinjiang University (XY080117)
文摘Orogenesis of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,which occurred in a stepwise manner,contributed to the extreme aridity of the Tarim Basin,resulting in vulnerable and unstable ecosystems.Quaternary climatic oscillations may have affected the ecosystems and,consequently,the distributions and genetic structuring of the Tarim Basin's biota.We used nucleotide sequence data from 2 mitochondrial (mt) DNA genes (Cyt b and the D-loop) to test hypotheses associated with the matrilineal and demographical histories of the Tarim Basin's endemic Yarkand hare (Lepus yarkandensis).Range-wide sampling involving 20 populations and 224 individuals detected 126 haplotypes that clustered into 5 major lineages in both the phylogenetic tree and median-joining network.Populations from the northern and eastern Tarim Basin shared a similar history,as did those from the western and southern regions.Demographical analysis and genetic diversity estimations suggested that the western and southern regions might have served as glacial refugia for the Yarkand hare during Quaternary climatic oscillations.The distribution of the Yarkand hare,especially in the northern and eastern parts,probably represented 3 postglacial colonization events,dated to 0.21,0.090 and 0.054 MYA,which corresponded to known interglacial periods.Given the relatively complete geographic isolation between the eastern and southern populations,the Yarkand hare likely dispersed during postglacial periods from the southwest to the north,and then onward to the east.The absence of water likely forced the species into refugia,and this differed from other Pleistocene biogeographical drivers.The demographical and historical patterns have important implications for conservation.
