为了溯清番茄生境以及各组织细菌群落间的相关性,以中杂302为试材,采用传统平板培养法结合16S r RNA拷贝数分析、变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分析,对番茄根区、根际土壤以及根、茎、叶片、果实、种子等组织附生和内生细菌的数量和群落相似...为了溯清番茄生境以及各组织细菌群落间的相关性,以中杂302为试材,采用传统平板培养法结合16S r RNA拷贝数分析、变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分析,对番茄根区、根际土壤以及根、茎、叶片、果实、种子等组织附生和内生细菌的数量和群落相似性进行分析。结果表明,番茄根际的细菌数量最多,根区土壤次之;番茄组织附生细菌的数量显著低于根区和根际土壤中的细菌数量;组织附生细菌中,以根部最多,茎和叶片次之;组织内生细菌的数量较附生细菌少2-4个数量级,并以根内生细菌数量最多,种子表面胶状物中数量最少。DGGE细菌群落相似度分析表明,根际与组织内生样品间的相似度显著高于根区土壤,各组织内生细菌相互间的相似度最高,尤其是根、茎和叶片,以及种子、胎座、胶状物等相邻组织内生细菌间的相似度达到0.6以上。番茄组织尤其是相邻组织间的内生细菌群落结构相似,并与根际细菌密切相关。展开更多
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase （PAL）, the first enzyme of phenylpropanoid pathway, is always encoded by multigene families in plants. In this study, using genome-wide searches, 13 PAL genes in cucumber （CsPAL1-13） an...Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase （PAL）, the first enzyme of phenylpropanoid pathway, is always encoded by multigene families in plants. In this study, using genome-wide searches, 13 PAL genes in cucumber （CsPAL1-13） and 13 PALs in melon （Cm- PALl-13） were identified. In the corresponding genomes, ten of these PAL genes were located in tandem in two clusters, while the others were widely dispersed in different chromosomes as a single copy. The protein sequences of CsPALs and CmPALs shared an overall high identity to each other. In our previous report, 12 PAL genes were identified in watermelon （CIPAL1-12）. Thereby, a total of 38 cucurbit PAL members were included. Here, a comprehensive comparison of PAL gene families was performed among three cucurbit plants. The phylogenetic and syntenic analyses placed the cucurbit PALs as 11 CsPAL-CmPAL-CIPAL triples, of which ten triples were clustered into the dicot group, and the remaining one, CsPAL1-CmPAL8-CIPAL2, was grouped with gymnosperm PALs and might serve as an ancestor of cucurbit PALs. By comparing the syntenic relationships and gene structure of these PAL genes, the expansion of cucurbit PAL families might arise from a series of segmental and tandem duplications and intron insertion events. Furthermore, the expression profiling in different tissues suggested that different cucurbit PALs displayed divergent but overlapping expression profiles, and the CsPAL-CmPAL-CIPAL orthologs showed correlative expression patterns among three cucurbit plants. Taken together, this study provided an extensive description on the evolution and expression of cucurbit PAL gene families and might facilitate the further studies for elucidating the functions of PALs in cucurbit plants.展开更多
文摘为了溯清番茄生境以及各组织细菌群落间的相关性,以中杂302为试材,采用传统平板培养法结合16S r RNA拷贝数分析、变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分析,对番茄根区、根际土壤以及根、茎、叶片、果实、种子等组织附生和内生细菌的数量和群落相似性进行分析。结果表明,番茄根际的细菌数量最多,根区土壤次之;番茄组织附生细菌的数量显著低于根区和根际土壤中的细菌数量;组织附生细菌中,以根部最多,茎和叶片次之;组织内生细菌的数量较附生细菌少2-4个数量级,并以根内生细菌数量最多,种子表面胶状物中数量最少。DGGE细菌群落相似度分析表明,根际与组织内生样品间的相似度显著高于根区土壤,各组织内生细菌相互间的相似度最高,尤其是根、茎和叶片,以及种子、胎座、胶状物等相邻组织内生细菌间的相似度达到0.6以上。番茄组织尤其是相邻组织间的内生细菌群落结构相似,并与根际细菌密切相关。
基金supported by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31101548)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (201303014)+1 种基金funded by the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-25)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP-IVFCAAS)
文摘Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase （PAL）, the first enzyme of phenylpropanoid pathway, is always encoded by multigene families in plants. In this study, using genome-wide searches, 13 PAL genes in cucumber （CsPAL1-13） and 13 PALs in melon （Cm- PALl-13） were identified. In the corresponding genomes, ten of these PAL genes were located in tandem in two clusters, while the others were widely dispersed in different chromosomes as a single copy. The protein sequences of CsPALs and CmPALs shared an overall high identity to each other. In our previous report, 12 PAL genes were identified in watermelon （CIPAL1-12）. Thereby, a total of 38 cucurbit PAL members were included. Here, a comprehensive comparison of PAL gene families was performed among three cucurbit plants. The phylogenetic and syntenic analyses placed the cucurbit PALs as 11 CsPAL-CmPAL-CIPAL triples, of which ten triples were clustered into the dicot group, and the remaining one, CsPAL1-CmPAL8-CIPAL2, was grouped with gymnosperm PALs and might serve as an ancestor of cucurbit PALs. By comparing the syntenic relationships and gene structure of these PAL genes, the expansion of cucurbit PAL families might arise from a series of segmental and tandem duplications and intron insertion events. Furthermore, the expression profiling in different tissues suggested that different cucurbit PALs displayed divergent but overlapping expression profiles, and the CsPAL-CmPAL-CIPAL orthologs showed correlative expression patterns among three cucurbit plants. Taken together, this study provided an extensive description on the evolution and expression of cucurbit PAL gene families and might facilitate the further studies for elucidating the functions of PALs in cucurbit plants.
