It might still be cliilly outside,but fasliion,as we know,is always aliead of time.And so it's no surprise Shang Xia has just released their enchanting new Spring/Summer collections.Nature-its beauty,vastiiess and...It might still be cliilly outside,but fasliion,as we know,is always aliead of time.And so it's no surprise Shang Xia has just released their enchanting new Spring/Summer collections.Nature-its beauty,vastiiess and sheer grandeur-is tlie main inspiration beliiiid tlie lines for 2016s wanner seasons.Shaiig Xia has captured its rhydun,and combined it with modem city living,and the result is a dazzling array of garbs,gathered ill tlie Urban and Nature(Clieng Slii Shan Shui)collection.展开更多
The Shanghai Sharp Air Conditioner Co., Ltd. is an export-oriented.joint venture between the Shanghai No. 1 TV Set Factory, Sharp Corp. and Mitsubishi Corp. with a total investment of US$29.5 million and a registered ...The Shanghai Sharp Air Conditioner Co., Ltd. is an export-oriented.joint venture between the Shanghai No. 1 TV Set Factory, Sharp Corp. and Mitsubishi Corp. with a total investment of US$29.5 million and a registered capital of US$11.8 million. The Shanghai No.1 TV Set Factory has invested 40 percent in the venture, Mitsubishi 40 percent and Sharp 20 percent.展开更多
Objective:To determine the spatiotemporal distribution of Schistosoma(S.)japonicum infections in humans,livestock,and Oncomelania(O.)hupensis across the endemic foci of China.Methods:Based on multi-stage continuous do...Objective:To determine the spatiotemporal distribution of Schistosoma(S.)japonicum infections in humans,livestock,and Oncomelania(O.)hupensis across the endemic foci of China.Methods:Based on multi-stage continuous downscaling of sentinel monitoring,county-based schistosomiasis surveillance data were captured from the national schistosomiasis surveillance sites of China from 2005 to 2019.The data included S.japonicum infections in humans,livestock,and O.hupensis.The spatiotemporal trends for schistosomiasis were detected using a Joinpoint regression model,with a standard deviational ellipse(SDE)tool,which determined the central tendency and dispersion in the spatial distribution of schistosomiasis.Further,more spatiotemporal clusters of S.japonicum infections in humans,livestock,and O.hupensis were evaluated by the Poisson model.Results:The prevalence of S.japonicum human infections decreased from 2.06%to zero based on data of the national schistosomiasis surveillance sites of China from 2005 to 2019,with a reduction from 9.42%to zero for the prevalence of S.japonicum infections in livestock,and from 0.26%to zero for the prevalence of S.japonicum infections in O.hupensis.Analysis using an SDE tool showed that schistosomiasis-affected regions were reduced yearly from 2005 to 2014 in the endemic provinces of Hunan,Hubei,Jiangxi,and Anhui,as well as in the Poyang and Dongting Lake regions.Poisson model revealed 11 clusters of S.japonicum human infections,six clusters of S.japonicum infections in livestock,and nine clusters of S.japonicum infections in O.hupensis.The clusters of human infection were highly consistent with clusters of S.japonicum infections in livestock and O.hupensis.They were in the 5 provinces of Hunan,Hubei,Jiangxi,Anhui,and Jiangsu,as well as along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.Humans,livestock,and O.hupensis infections with S.japonicum were mainly concentrated in the north of the Hunan Province,south of the Hubei Province,north of the Jiangxi Province,and southwestern portion of Anhui Province.In the 2 mountainous provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan,human,livestock,and O.hupensis infections with S.japonicum were mainly concentrated in the northwestern portion of the Yunnan Province,the Daliangshan area in the south of Sichuan Province,and the hilly regions in the middle of Sichuan Province.Conclusions:A remarkable decline in the disease prevalence of S.japonicum infection was observed in endemic schistosomiasis in China between 2005 and 2019.However,there remains a long-term risk of transmission in local areas,with the highest-risk areas primarily in Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake regions,requiring to focus on vigilance against the rebound of the epidemic.Development of high-sensitivity detection methods and integrating the transmission links such as human and livestock infection,wild animal infection,and O.hupensis into the surveillance-response system will ensure the elimination of schistosomiasis in China by 2030.展开更多
Approximately half of the world’s population is at the risk of at least one vector-borne parasitic disease.The survival of intermediate hosts of vector-borne parasitic diseases is governed by various environmental fa...Approximately half of the world’s population is at the risk of at least one vector-borne parasitic disease.The survival of intermediate hosts of vector-borne parasitic diseases is governed by various environmental factors,and remote sensing can be used to characterize and monitor environmental factors related to intermediate host breeding and reproduction,and become a powerful means to monitor the vector-borne parasitic diseases.Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that menaces human health.Oncomelaniahupensis(snail)is the unique intermediate host of Schistosoma,so monitoring and controlling the number of snail is key to reduce the risk of schistosomiasis transmission.In this paper,Landsat 8 OLI and Sentinel 2 MSI data had been used to obtain the environmental factors(vegetation,soil,temperature,terrain et al.),which are related to the multiplying and transmission of intermediate host.Then this study used T-S(Takagi-Sugeno)Fuzzy RS model to establish a new suitable index membership function due to the different RS data,and a long time series monitoring of snail distribution in Dongting Lake from 2014 to 2018 was achieved.A comparative analysis was performed to validate the predicted results against the field survey data.The results demonstrated the accuracy of the developed model in predicting the distribution of snails.展开更多
Background:One Health is an integrated concept of health that aims to optimize the health of humans,animals,plants,and the environment.Identifying research gaps and specific expertise areas is important for understand...Background:One Health is an integrated concept of health that aims to optimize the health of humans,animals,plants,and the environment.Identifying research gaps and specific expertise areas is important for understanding the role of One Health in practice.This information on One Health could be used to promote collaboration and research,inspire innovative ideas,and accelerate the translation of evidence-based practices into policies.Methods:We searched the Scopus database for publications related to One Health between 2012 and 2021 to extract bibliometric information and investigate the possibility of establishing a dedicated expertise database.We matched scholarly information using SciVal to exclude duplicate information and identify scholars’affiliations,countries,and academic profiles.Individual academic contributions to One Health were evaluated according to their citations,publication impact,publication type,and author contributions.Results:A total of 8,313 publications on One Health over a ten-year period were identified,with the number of publications increasing over time.The largest number of publications came from the United States and the United Kingdom.These countries also had the highest number of experts and a high level of international collaboration.We identified 500 scholars from 53 countries and 313 affiliations with a median Hirsch Index of 20 who could be included in a One Health expert database.These scientists had a median of six publications on One Health,with topics mostly focusing on dengue and antimicrobial resistance.Conclusion:A One Health information database could be used as a third-party reference for scholars,a source to track the ongoing academic progress,and support for active scholars in this field of research.展开更多
Background In the 21st century,as globalization accelerates and global public health crises occur,the One Health approach,guided by the holistic thinking of human-animal-environment and emphasizing interdisciplinary c...Background In the 21st century,as globalization accelerates and global public health crises occur,the One Health approach,guided by the holistic thinking of human-animal-environment and emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration to address global health issues,has been strongly advocated by the international community.An immediate requirement exists for the creation of an assessment tool to foster One Health initiatives on both global and national scales.Methods Built upon extensive expert consultations and dialogues,this follow-up study enhances the 2022 global One Health index(GOHI)indicator system.The GOHI framework is enriched by covering three indices,e.g.external drivers index(EDI),intrinsic drivers index(IDI),and core drivers index(CDI).The comprehensive indicator system incorporates 13 key indicators,50 indicators,and 170 sub I-indicators,utilizing a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to ascertain the weight for each indicator.Weighted and summed,the EDI,IDI,and CDI scores contribute to the computation of the overall GOHI 2022 score.By comparing the ranking and the overall scores among the seven regions and across 160 countries/territories,we have not only derived an overall profile of the GOHI 2022 scores,but also assessed the GOHI framework.We also compared rankings of indicators and sub I-indicators to provide greater clarity on the strengths and weaknesses of each region within the One Health domains.Results The GOHI 2022 performance reveals significant disparities between countries/territories ranged from 39.03 to 70.61.The global average score of the GOHI 2022 is 54.82.The average score for EDI,IDI,and CDI are 46.57,58.01,and 57.25,respectively.In terms of global rankings,countries from North America,Europe and Central Asia,East Asia and Pacific present higher scores.In terms of One Health domains of CDI,the lowest scores are observed in antimicrobial resistance(median:43.09),followed by food security(median:53.78),governance(median:54.77),climate change(median:64.12)and zoonotic diseases(median:69.23).Globally,the scores of GOHI vary spatially,with the highest score in North America while lowest in sub-Saharan Africa.In addition,evidence shows associations between the socio-demographic profile of countries/territories and their GOHI performance in certain One Health scenarios.Conclusion The objective of GOHI is to guide impactful strategies for enhancing capacity building in One Health.With advanced technology and an annually updated database,intensifying efforts to refine GOHI's data-mining methodologies become imperative.The goal is to offer profound insights into disparities and progressions in practical One Health implementation,particularly in anticipation of future pandemics.展开更多
Following publication of the original article[1],it was found the number of countries with identified One Health publications was incorrectly shown in Table 2,Supplementary data-Multimedia component 3(Table-S2),corres...Following publication of the original article[1],it was found the number of countries with identified One Health publications was incorrectly shown in Table 2,Supplementary data-Multimedia component 3(Table-S2),corresponding text and Fig.3,which should be corrected to 178.The number of countries with 500 One Health experts identified should be corrected to 53 in the abstract.展开更多
Background:With increases in global travel and trade,the spread of arboviruses is undoubtedly alarming.Pathogen detection in field-caught mosquitoes can provide the earliest possible warning of transmission.Insect-spe...Background:With increases in global travel and trade,the spread of arboviruses is undoubtedly alarming.Pathogen detection in field-caught mosquitoes can provide the earliest possible warning of transmission.Insect-specific flavivirus(ISFV)has been first detected in 1991 and documented worldwide in the latest ten years.Although infection with ISFVs is apparently limited to insects,an increase in the infection rate of mosquito-borne flaviviruses may be able to induce cytopathic effects in vertebrate cells during co-infection with other human pathogens.However,little is known whether ISFVs persist in most regions of China.Methods:During the mosquito activity season in 2016,a surveillance program was carried out to detect ISFVs in mosquitoes in metropolitan Shanghai,China.The presence of ISFVs was randomly tested in different species of mosquitoes using RT-PCR-based and hemi-nested PCR assays,following by the sequencing of PCR products.Sequences from positive pooled samples were compared with those deposited in GenBank.Thereafter,sequences of representative insect flaviviruses were used for further phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses.Results:Our investigations showed:(1)the presence of Aedes flavivirus(AEFV)in 11/161 pooled samples(nine pools in Songjiang District,one pool in Huangpu District,and one pool in Qingpu District)of Aedes albopictus,(2)the presence of Quang Binh virus(QBV)in 10/195 pooled samples(all in Chongming District)of Culex tritaeniorhynchus;and(3)the presence of Culex flavivirus(CxFV)in 9/228 pooled samples(six pools in Pudong New Area,two pools in Huangpu District,and one pool in Chongming District)of Cx.pipiens.Furthermore,phylogenetic analyses of the gene sequences of envelope proteins indicated that Shanghai CxFV strains belonged to the Asia/USA genotype.The overall maximum likelihood estimation values(and 95%confidence interval)for CxFV,QBV,and AEFV in mosquitoes collected in Shanghai in 2016 were 1.34(0.66-2.45),1.65(0.87-2.85),and 1.51(0.77-2.70)per 1000,respectively.Conclusions:This study reveals the presence and the geographical distribution of ISFVs,and determines the genetic variation and the infection rate of ISFVs in Shanghai,China.At least,three insect flaviviruses including ISFVs,AEFV,CxFV,and QBV,co-circulate in this area.To our knowledge,this is the first report of AEFV in China.展开更多
Background Helminth infections,including Opisthorchis viverrini,hookworm,and Trichuris trichiura,are prevalent in Khong district,Champasack province,southern Lao People's Democratic Republic(PDR).Schistosomiasis c...Background Helminth infections,including Opisthorchis viverrini,hookworm,and Trichuris trichiura,are prevalent in Khong district,Champasack province,southern Lao People's Democratic Republic(PDR).Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mekongi is of public health concern on the islands of the Khong district.This study aimed to assess the impact of an Eco-Health/One-Health approach in combination with mass drug administration(MDA)to reduce these helminth infections.Methods We conducted a community intervention using a stepped-wedge trial approach on two endemic islands(Donsom and Donkhone)of the Khong district,Champasack province,Lao PDR,between April 2012 and March 2013.In each study village,30-40 households were randomly selected.All members of selected households,who were at home during the study period were invited to participate in the study.A baseline study was conducted to assess helminth infections,knowledge attitudes and practices toward Schistosoma mekongi infection,behavior of open defecation and availability of latrine at home.After the baseline(TO),the Eco-Health/One-Health approach was imple-mented on Donsom(intervention)and Donkhone island(control).An assessment was conducted in 2014(T1),one year after the completion of intervention implementation,to assess the short-term impact of the Eco-Health/One-Health approach on helminth infections and compare intervention and control islands.Later in 2015,the Eco-Health/One-Health approach was implemented on control island(Donkhone).After the implementation of intervention,the parasitological assessments were conducted annually in humans in 2015(T2),in 2016(T3)and in 2017(T4),and in dogs in 2017(T4)to evaluate the long-term impact of the intervention on helminth infections.Frequency was used to describe the prevalence of helminth infections.Logistic regression was applied to associate the KAP(knowledge,attitudes,and practices and open defecation behavior)and the reduction of helminth infections between intervention and control islands.The reduction in prevalence pre-and post-intervention was associated using a McNemar test.A two-independent sample t-test was applied to compare the mean eggs per gram(EPG)of helminth infections between control and intervention islands.A paired t-test test was used to compare the mean EPG of stool samples before(baseline)and after(follow-up)interventions for the two islands separately.A P-value lower than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results Eco-Health/One-Health approach appears to be associated with reduction in prevalence of S.mekongi by 9.0%[odds ratio(OR)=0.49,P=0.003]compared to the use of mass drug administration alone(control island).Additionally,this intervention package significantly reduced O.viverrini infection by 20.3%(OR=1.92,P<0.001)and hookworm by 17.9%(OR=0.71,P=0.045),respectively.Annual parasitological assessments between 2012 and 2017 showed that the Eco-Health/One-Health approach,coupled with MDA,steadily reduced the prevalence of S.mekongi on the intervention island from 29.1%to 1.8% and on the control island from 28.4%to 3.1%,respectively.Conclusions The study findings suggest that the Eco-Health/One-Health approach appears to be associated with a significant reduction in prevalence of S.mekongi and helminth co-infections,particularly hookworm and T.trichiura.Therefore,implementing the Eco-Health/One-Health approach in schistosomiasis-endemic areas could accelerate the achievement of national goals for transmission interruption by 2025 and elimination by 2030.展开更多
The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 3...The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs factory.In its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs bosons.Increasing the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of magnitude.This Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering aspects.Additionally,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection procedures.Construction is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 years.The commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.展开更多
文摘It might still be cliilly outside,but fasliion,as we know,is always aliead of time.And so it's no surprise Shang Xia has just released their enchanting new Spring/Summer collections.Nature-its beauty,vastiiess and sheer grandeur-is tlie main inspiration beliiiid tlie lines for 2016s wanner seasons.Shaiig Xia has captured its rhydun,and combined it with modem city living,and the result is a dazzling array of garbs,gathered ill tlie Urban and Nature(Clieng Slii Shan Shui)collection.
文摘The Shanghai Sharp Air Conditioner Co., Ltd. is an export-oriented.joint venture between the Shanghai No. 1 TV Set Factory, Sharp Corp. and Mitsubishi Corp. with a total investment of US$29.5 million and a registered capital of US$11.8 million. The Shanghai No.1 TV Set Factory has invested 40 percent in the venture, Mitsubishi 40 percent and Sharp 20 percent.
基金This work was supported by the Fifth Round of Three-Year Public Health Action Plan of Shanghai(No.GWV-10.1-XK13)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32161143036)the National Special Science and Technology Project for Major Infectious Diseases of China(Grant No.2016ZX10004222-004).
文摘Objective:To determine the spatiotemporal distribution of Schistosoma(S.)japonicum infections in humans,livestock,and Oncomelania(O.)hupensis across the endemic foci of China.Methods:Based on multi-stage continuous downscaling of sentinel monitoring,county-based schistosomiasis surveillance data were captured from the national schistosomiasis surveillance sites of China from 2005 to 2019.The data included S.japonicum infections in humans,livestock,and O.hupensis.The spatiotemporal trends for schistosomiasis were detected using a Joinpoint regression model,with a standard deviational ellipse(SDE)tool,which determined the central tendency and dispersion in the spatial distribution of schistosomiasis.Further,more spatiotemporal clusters of S.japonicum infections in humans,livestock,and O.hupensis were evaluated by the Poisson model.Results:The prevalence of S.japonicum human infections decreased from 2.06%to zero based on data of the national schistosomiasis surveillance sites of China from 2005 to 2019,with a reduction from 9.42%to zero for the prevalence of S.japonicum infections in livestock,and from 0.26%to zero for the prevalence of S.japonicum infections in O.hupensis.Analysis using an SDE tool showed that schistosomiasis-affected regions were reduced yearly from 2005 to 2014 in the endemic provinces of Hunan,Hubei,Jiangxi,and Anhui,as well as in the Poyang and Dongting Lake regions.Poisson model revealed 11 clusters of S.japonicum human infections,six clusters of S.japonicum infections in livestock,and nine clusters of S.japonicum infections in O.hupensis.The clusters of human infection were highly consistent with clusters of S.japonicum infections in livestock and O.hupensis.They were in the 5 provinces of Hunan,Hubei,Jiangxi,Anhui,and Jiangsu,as well as along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.Humans,livestock,and O.hupensis infections with S.japonicum were mainly concentrated in the north of the Hunan Province,south of the Hubei Province,north of the Jiangxi Province,and southwestern portion of Anhui Province.In the 2 mountainous provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan,human,livestock,and O.hupensis infections with S.japonicum were mainly concentrated in the northwestern portion of the Yunnan Province,the Daliangshan area in the south of Sichuan Province,and the hilly regions in the middle of Sichuan Province.Conclusions:A remarkable decline in the disease prevalence of S.japonicum infection was observed in endemic schistosomiasis in China between 2005 and 2019.However,there remains a long-term risk of transmission in local areas,with the highest-risk areas primarily in Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake regions,requiring to focus on vigilance against the rebound of the epidemic.Development of high-sensitivity detection methods and integrating the transmission links such as human and livestock infection,wild animal infection,and O.hupensis into the surveillance-response system will ensure the elimination of schistosomiasis in China by 2030.
基金Dragon 4 ESA-MOST Cooperation programme(Project ID.32260)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41301495)。
文摘Approximately half of the world’s population is at the risk of at least one vector-borne parasitic disease.The survival of intermediate hosts of vector-borne parasitic diseases is governed by various environmental factors,and remote sensing can be used to characterize and monitor environmental factors related to intermediate host breeding and reproduction,and become a powerful means to monitor the vector-borne parasitic diseases.Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that menaces human health.Oncomelaniahupensis(snail)is the unique intermediate host of Schistosoma,so monitoring and controlling the number of snail is key to reduce the risk of schistosomiasis transmission.In this paper,Landsat 8 OLI and Sentinel 2 MSI data had been used to obtain the environmental factors(vegetation,soil,temperature,terrain et al.),which are related to the multiplying and transmission of intermediate host.Then this study used T-S(Takagi-Sugeno)Fuzzy RS model to establish a new suitable index membership function due to the different RS data,and a long time series monitoring of snail distribution in Dongting Lake from 2014 to 2018 was achieved.A comparative analysis was performed to validate the predicted results against the field survey data.The results demonstrated the accuracy of the developed model in predicting the distribution of snails.
基金supported by Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation(No.INV-046218).
文摘Background:One Health is an integrated concept of health that aims to optimize the health of humans,animals,plants,and the environment.Identifying research gaps and specific expertise areas is important for understanding the role of One Health in practice.This information on One Health could be used to promote collaboration and research,inspire innovative ideas,and accelerate the translation of evidence-based practices into policies.Methods:We searched the Scopus database for publications related to One Health between 2012 and 2021 to extract bibliometric information and investigate the possibility of establishing a dedicated expertise database.We matched scholarly information using SciVal to exclude duplicate information and identify scholars’affiliations,countries,and academic profiles.Individual academic contributions to One Health were evaluated according to their citations,publication impact,publication type,and author contributions.Results:A total of 8,313 publications on One Health over a ten-year period were identified,with the number of publications increasing over time.The largest number of publications came from the United States and the United Kingdom.These countries also had the highest number of experts and a high level of international collaboration.We identified 500 scholars from 53 countries and 313 affiliations with a median Hirsch Index of 20 who could be included in a One Health expert database.These scientists had a median of six publications on One Health,with topics mostly focusing on dengue and antimicrobial resistance.Conclusion:A One Health information database could be used as a third-party reference for scholars,a source to track the ongoing academic progress,and support for active scholars in this field of research.
基金supported by China Medical Board[No.20-365]Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation[No.INV-046218]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[No.72204160].
文摘Background In the 21st century,as globalization accelerates and global public health crises occur,the One Health approach,guided by the holistic thinking of human-animal-environment and emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration to address global health issues,has been strongly advocated by the international community.An immediate requirement exists for the creation of an assessment tool to foster One Health initiatives on both global and national scales.Methods Built upon extensive expert consultations and dialogues,this follow-up study enhances the 2022 global One Health index(GOHI)indicator system.The GOHI framework is enriched by covering three indices,e.g.external drivers index(EDI),intrinsic drivers index(IDI),and core drivers index(CDI).The comprehensive indicator system incorporates 13 key indicators,50 indicators,and 170 sub I-indicators,utilizing a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to ascertain the weight for each indicator.Weighted and summed,the EDI,IDI,and CDI scores contribute to the computation of the overall GOHI 2022 score.By comparing the ranking and the overall scores among the seven regions and across 160 countries/territories,we have not only derived an overall profile of the GOHI 2022 scores,but also assessed the GOHI framework.We also compared rankings of indicators and sub I-indicators to provide greater clarity on the strengths and weaknesses of each region within the One Health domains.Results The GOHI 2022 performance reveals significant disparities between countries/territories ranged from 39.03 to 70.61.The global average score of the GOHI 2022 is 54.82.The average score for EDI,IDI,and CDI are 46.57,58.01,and 57.25,respectively.In terms of global rankings,countries from North America,Europe and Central Asia,East Asia and Pacific present higher scores.In terms of One Health domains of CDI,the lowest scores are observed in antimicrobial resistance(median:43.09),followed by food security(median:53.78),governance(median:54.77),climate change(median:64.12)and zoonotic diseases(median:69.23).Globally,the scores of GOHI vary spatially,with the highest score in North America while lowest in sub-Saharan Africa.In addition,evidence shows associations between the socio-demographic profile of countries/territories and their GOHI performance in certain One Health scenarios.Conclusion The objective of GOHI is to guide impactful strategies for enhancing capacity building in One Health.With advanced technology and an annually updated database,intensifying efforts to refine GOHI's data-mining methodologies become imperative.The goal is to offer profound insights into disparities and progressions in practical One Health implementation,particularly in anticipation of future pandemics.
文摘Following publication of the original article[1],it was found the number of countries with identified One Health publications was incorrectly shown in Table 2,Supplementary data-Multimedia component 3(Table-S2),corresponding text and Fig.3,which should be corrected to 178.The number of countries with 500 One Health experts identified should be corrected to 53 in the abstract.
基金This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC1202000,2016YFC1202002,2016YFC1202003)the Fourth Shanghai Public Health Three-Year Action Plan(No.GWIV-29).
文摘Background:With increases in global travel and trade,the spread of arboviruses is undoubtedly alarming.Pathogen detection in field-caught mosquitoes can provide the earliest possible warning of transmission.Insect-specific flavivirus(ISFV)has been first detected in 1991 and documented worldwide in the latest ten years.Although infection with ISFVs is apparently limited to insects,an increase in the infection rate of mosquito-borne flaviviruses may be able to induce cytopathic effects in vertebrate cells during co-infection with other human pathogens.However,little is known whether ISFVs persist in most regions of China.Methods:During the mosquito activity season in 2016,a surveillance program was carried out to detect ISFVs in mosquitoes in metropolitan Shanghai,China.The presence of ISFVs was randomly tested in different species of mosquitoes using RT-PCR-based and hemi-nested PCR assays,following by the sequencing of PCR products.Sequences from positive pooled samples were compared with those deposited in GenBank.Thereafter,sequences of representative insect flaviviruses were used for further phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses.Results:Our investigations showed:(1)the presence of Aedes flavivirus(AEFV)in 11/161 pooled samples(nine pools in Songjiang District,one pool in Huangpu District,and one pool in Qingpu District)of Aedes albopictus,(2)the presence of Quang Binh virus(QBV)in 10/195 pooled samples(all in Chongming District)of Culex tritaeniorhynchus;and(3)the presence of Culex flavivirus(CxFV)in 9/228 pooled samples(six pools in Pudong New Area,two pools in Huangpu District,and one pool in Chongming District)of Cx.pipiens.Furthermore,phylogenetic analyses of the gene sequences of envelope proteins indicated that Shanghai CxFV strains belonged to the Asia/USA genotype.The overall maximum likelihood estimation values(and 95%confidence interval)for CxFV,QBV,and AEFV in mosquitoes collected in Shanghai in 2016 were 1.34(0.66-2.45),1.65(0.87-2.85),and 1.51(0.77-2.70)per 1000,respectively.Conclusions:This study reveals the presence and the geographical distribution of ISFVs,and determines the genetic variation and the infection rate of ISFVs in Shanghai,China.At least,three insect flaviviruses including ISFVs,AEFV,CxFV,and QBV,co-circulate in this area.To our knowledge,this is the first report of AEFV in China.
基金This intervention study was funded by the International Development Research CentreForeign Affairs,Trade and Development Canada(through the Global Health Research Initiative),the Australian Agency for International Development for funding support,under funding number 105509-027the International Joint Laboratory on Tropical Diseases Control in Greater Mekong Subregion from Shanghai Municipality Government(No.21410750200).
文摘Background Helminth infections,including Opisthorchis viverrini,hookworm,and Trichuris trichiura,are prevalent in Khong district,Champasack province,southern Lao People's Democratic Republic(PDR).Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mekongi is of public health concern on the islands of the Khong district.This study aimed to assess the impact of an Eco-Health/One-Health approach in combination with mass drug administration(MDA)to reduce these helminth infections.Methods We conducted a community intervention using a stepped-wedge trial approach on two endemic islands(Donsom and Donkhone)of the Khong district,Champasack province,Lao PDR,between April 2012 and March 2013.In each study village,30-40 households were randomly selected.All members of selected households,who were at home during the study period were invited to participate in the study.A baseline study was conducted to assess helminth infections,knowledge attitudes and practices toward Schistosoma mekongi infection,behavior of open defecation and availability of latrine at home.After the baseline(TO),the Eco-Health/One-Health approach was imple-mented on Donsom(intervention)and Donkhone island(control).An assessment was conducted in 2014(T1),one year after the completion of intervention implementation,to assess the short-term impact of the Eco-Health/One-Health approach on helminth infections and compare intervention and control islands.Later in 2015,the Eco-Health/One-Health approach was implemented on control island(Donkhone).After the implementation of intervention,the parasitological assessments were conducted annually in humans in 2015(T2),in 2016(T3)and in 2017(T4),and in dogs in 2017(T4)to evaluate the long-term impact of the intervention on helminth infections.Frequency was used to describe the prevalence of helminth infections.Logistic regression was applied to associate the KAP(knowledge,attitudes,and practices and open defecation behavior)and the reduction of helminth infections between intervention and control islands.The reduction in prevalence pre-and post-intervention was associated using a McNemar test.A two-independent sample t-test was applied to compare the mean eggs per gram(EPG)of helminth infections between control and intervention islands.A paired t-test test was used to compare the mean EPG of stool samples before(baseline)and after(follow-up)interventions for the two islands separately.A P-value lower than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results Eco-Health/One-Health approach appears to be associated with reduction in prevalence of S.mekongi by 9.0%[odds ratio(OR)=0.49,P=0.003]compared to the use of mass drug administration alone(control island).Additionally,this intervention package significantly reduced O.viverrini infection by 20.3%(OR=1.92,P<0.001)and hookworm by 17.9%(OR=0.71,P=0.045),respectively.Annual parasitological assessments between 2012 and 2017 showed that the Eco-Health/One-Health approach,coupled with MDA,steadily reduced the prevalence of S.mekongi on the intervention island from 29.1%to 1.8% and on the control island from 28.4%to 3.1%,respectively.Conclusions The study findings suggest that the Eco-Health/One-Health approach appears to be associated with a significant reduction in prevalence of S.mekongi and helminth co-infections,particularly hookworm and T.trichiura.Therefore,implementing the Eco-Health/One-Health approach in schistosomiasis-endemic areas could accelerate the achievement of national goals for transmission interruption by 2025 and elimination by 2030.
基金support from diverse funding sources,including the National Key Program for S&T Research and Development of the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST),Yifang Wang's Science Studio of the Ten Thousand Talents Project,the CAS Key Foreign Cooperation Grant,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission,the CAS Focused Science Grant,the IHEP Innovation Grant,the CAS Lead Special Training Programthe CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics,the CAS International Partnership Program,and the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams.
文摘The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs factory.In its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs bosons.Increasing the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of magnitude.This Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering aspects.Additionally,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection procedures.Construction is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 years.The commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.
