The wide valley of the Yarlung Zangbo River is one of the most intense areas in terms of aeolian activity on the Tibetan Plateau,China.In the past,the evaluation of the intensity of aeolian activity in the Quxu–Sangr...The wide valley of the Yarlung Zangbo River is one of the most intense areas in terms of aeolian activity on the Tibetan Plateau,China.In the past,the evaluation of the intensity of aeolian activity in the Quxu–Sangri section of the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley was mainly based on data from the old meteorological stations,especially in non-sandy areas.In 2020,six new meteorological stations,which are closest to the new meteorological stations,were built in the wind erosion source regions(i.e.,sandy areas)in the Quxu–Sangri section.In this study,based on mathematical statistics and empirical orthogonal function(EOF)decomposition analysis,we compared the difference of the wind regime between new meteorological stations and old meteorological stations from December 2020 to November 2021,and discussed the reasons for the discrepancy.The results showed that sandy and non-sandy areas differed significantly regarding the mean velocity(8.3(±0.3)versus 7.7(±0.3)m/s,respectively),frequency(12.9%(±6.2%)versus 2.9%(±1.9%),respectively),and dominant direction(nearly east or west versus nearly north or south,respectively)of sand-driving winds,drift potential(168.1(±77.3)versus 24.0(±17.9)VU(where VU is the vector unit),respectively),resultant drift potential(92.3(±78.5)versus 8.7(±9.2)VU,respectively),and resultant drift direction(nearly westward or eastward versus nearly southward or northward,respectively).This indicated an obvious spatial variation in the wind regime between sandy and non-sandy areas and suggested that there exist problems when using wind velocity data from non-sandy areas to evaluate the wind regime in sandy areas.The wind regime between sandy and non-sandy areas differed due to the differences in topography,heat flows,and their coupling with underlying surface,thereby affecting the local atmospheric circulation.Affected by large-scale circulations(westerly jet and Indian monsoon systems),both sandy and non-sandy areas showed similar seasonal variations in their respective wind regime.These findings provide a credible reference for re-understanding the wind regime and scientific wind-sand control in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley.展开更多
White precious metals have often been regarded as industrial raw materials in the past.With the introduction of the Silver ETF in 2006 and Platinum as well as Palladium ETFs in 2010,their role in asset allocation has ...White precious metals have often been regarded as industrial raw materials in the past.With the introduction of the Silver ETF in 2006 and Platinum as well as Palladium ETFs in 2010,their role in asset allocation has become more and more important.This paper selects five countries with rapid economic development(BRICS)as the research scope.The authors select silver,platinum and palladium to test whether these three kinds of white precious metals have the effect of hedging risk in general asset(stocks,bonds and foreign exchange).The authors find that,first of all,the three white precious metals have no stable effect on the BRICS stock market.Second,silver can better hedge the bond market of the BRICS,the authors suspect that this phenomenon is related to the fact that silver is a traditional financial asset and its trading volume is large.Third,white precious metals are good hedge assets for foreign exchange investment.Finally,the authors find that platinum can reduce the yield variance of all portfolios,indicating that platinum is an investment target that can effectively reduce the variance of portfolio returns within the BRICS.展开更多
基金supported by the Project for Establishing a Sand-dust Monitoring and Forecast System for the North-bank Settlement Area of the Yarlung Zangbo River (under the 13th Five-year Plan of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Interdisciplinary Innovation Team and the Shannan City Science and Technology Plan Project (E129020301).
文摘The wide valley of the Yarlung Zangbo River is one of the most intense areas in terms of aeolian activity on the Tibetan Plateau,China.In the past,the evaluation of the intensity of aeolian activity in the Quxu–Sangri section of the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley was mainly based on data from the old meteorological stations,especially in non-sandy areas.In 2020,six new meteorological stations,which are closest to the new meteorological stations,were built in the wind erosion source regions(i.e.,sandy areas)in the Quxu–Sangri section.In this study,based on mathematical statistics and empirical orthogonal function(EOF)decomposition analysis,we compared the difference of the wind regime between new meteorological stations and old meteorological stations from December 2020 to November 2021,and discussed the reasons for the discrepancy.The results showed that sandy and non-sandy areas differed significantly regarding the mean velocity(8.3(±0.3)versus 7.7(±0.3)m/s,respectively),frequency(12.9%(±6.2%)versus 2.9%(±1.9%),respectively),and dominant direction(nearly east or west versus nearly north or south,respectively)of sand-driving winds,drift potential(168.1(±77.3)versus 24.0(±17.9)VU(where VU is the vector unit),respectively),resultant drift potential(92.3(±78.5)versus 8.7(±9.2)VU,respectively),and resultant drift direction(nearly westward or eastward versus nearly southward or northward,respectively).This indicated an obvious spatial variation in the wind regime between sandy and non-sandy areas and suggested that there exist problems when using wind velocity data from non-sandy areas to evaluate the wind regime in sandy areas.The wind regime between sandy and non-sandy areas differed due to the differences in topography,heat flows,and their coupling with underlying surface,thereby affecting the local atmospheric circulation.Affected by large-scale circulations(westerly jet and Indian monsoon systems),both sandy and non-sandy areas showed similar seasonal variations in their respective wind regime.These findings provide a credible reference for re-understanding the wind regime and scientific wind-sand control in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley.
基金supported by the Major Projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.U1811462。
文摘White precious metals have often been regarded as industrial raw materials in the past.With the introduction of the Silver ETF in 2006 and Platinum as well as Palladium ETFs in 2010,their role in asset allocation has become more and more important.This paper selects five countries with rapid economic development(BRICS)as the research scope.The authors select silver,platinum and palladium to test whether these three kinds of white precious metals have the effect of hedging risk in general asset(stocks,bonds and foreign exchange).The authors find that,first of all,the three white precious metals have no stable effect on the BRICS stock market.Second,silver can better hedge the bond market of the BRICS,the authors suspect that this phenomenon is related to the fact that silver is a traditional financial asset and its trading volume is large.Third,white precious metals are good hedge assets for foreign exchange investment.Finally,the authors find that platinum can reduce the yield variance of all portfolios,indicating that platinum is an investment target that can effectively reduce the variance of portfolio returns within the BRICS.
