Background The genioglossus （GG） is involved in the maintenance of an open airway for effective breathing.Although the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS） was closely associated with ...Background The genioglossus （GG） is involved in the maintenance of an open airway for effective breathing.Although the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS） was closely associated with GG dysfunction,its causes and possible treatment have not been elucidated.The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia （CIH） on serum adiponectin levels, electromyograph （EMG） activity and ultrastructure of GG, as well as the effect of an adiponectin supplement in anesthetized rats.Methods Forty-two healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control （A）, CIH （B） and adiponectin treatment （C） groups, 14 rats in each group.CIH was performed eight hours per day for five weeks in both groups B and C.Group C received transvenous injection of adiponectin at the dosage of 10 μg per injection, twice a week for five weeks.At the end of the 5th week the GG EMG voltage was measured and compared among the three groups.Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the ultrastructure of the GG.Results CIH caused significant hypoadiponectinemia, weakened activity of GG EMG at both baseline and hypoxia stimulation, and induced ultrastructural pathological changes, such as, myofibril discontinuities, lysis of myofilament,edema of mitochondria and disruption of cristae, vacuolus and lysis of some mitochondria.Venous supplement of adiponectin improved the above pathological changes resulting from CIH.Conclusion CIH resulted in pathological changes in GG＇s EMG and ultrastructure, which could be improved by supplement of adiponectin and be associated with hypoadiponectinemia caused by ClH.展开更多
Background Excessive daytime sleepiness （EDS） is often associated with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS） and contributes to a number of comorbidities in these patients. Therefore, early detection o...Background Excessive daytime sleepiness （EDS） is often associated with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS） and contributes to a number of comorbidities in these patients. Therefore, early detection of EDS is critical in disease management. We examined the association between Epworth Sleepiness Scale （ESS） and multiple sleep latency test （MSLT） and diagnostic accuracy of ESS in assessing EDS in OSAHS patients. Methods The ESS, MSLT and overnight polysomnography were administered to 107 Chinese patients to assess EDS and its correlations with polysomnographic parameters. The diagnostic accuracy of ESS in classifying EDS （mean sleep latency （MSL） 〈10 minutes） was evaluated by calculating the area under ROC curve. Results As the severity of OSAHS increased, MSL decreased with increase in ESS score. Conversely, patients with worsening EDS （shorter MSL） were characterized by advanced nocturnal hypoxaemia and sleep disruption compared to those with normal MSL, suggesting EDS is associated with more severe OSAHS. There was a negative correlation between ESS score and MSL and both moderately correlated with some polysomnographic nocturnal hypoxaemic parameters. The area under ROC curve of ESS for identifying EDS was 0.80 （95% CI： 0.71 to 0.88） and ESS score 〉12 provided the best predictive value with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 69%. Conclusion The ESS score moderately correlates with MSL and our ROC study supports ESS as a screening strategy for assessing EDS in OSAHS.展开更多
基金This study was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.30770954 and No.30971167） and Social Development Project of Changzhou （No.CS20092016）.
文摘Background The genioglossus （GG） is involved in the maintenance of an open airway for effective breathing.Although the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS） was closely associated with GG dysfunction,its causes and possible treatment have not been elucidated.The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia （CIH） on serum adiponectin levels, electromyograph （EMG） activity and ultrastructure of GG, as well as the effect of an adiponectin supplement in anesthetized rats.Methods Forty-two healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control （A）, CIH （B） and adiponectin treatment （C） groups, 14 rats in each group.CIH was performed eight hours per day for five weeks in both groups B and C.Group C received transvenous injection of adiponectin at the dosage of 10 μg per injection, twice a week for five weeks.At the end of the 5th week the GG EMG voltage was measured and compared among the three groups.Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the ultrastructure of the GG.Results CIH caused significant hypoadiponectinemia, weakened activity of GG EMG at both baseline and hypoxia stimulation, and induced ultrastructural pathological changes, such as, myofibril discontinuities, lysis of myofilament,edema of mitochondria and disruption of cristae, vacuolus and lysis of some mitochondria.Venous supplement of adiponectin improved the above pathological changes resulting from CIH.Conclusion CIH resulted in pathological changes in GG＇s EMG and ultrastructure, which could be improved by supplement of adiponectin and be associated with hypoadiponectinemia caused by ClH.
基金This study was supported by grants fi-om the National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC） （No. 81170070, No. 81270147）, and from the Scientific Research Foundation of the Chinese Ministry of Health （No. W2012w4）.
文摘Background Excessive daytime sleepiness （EDS） is often associated with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS） and contributes to a number of comorbidities in these patients. Therefore, early detection of EDS is critical in disease management. We examined the association between Epworth Sleepiness Scale （ESS） and multiple sleep latency test （MSLT） and diagnostic accuracy of ESS in assessing EDS in OSAHS patients. Methods The ESS, MSLT and overnight polysomnography were administered to 107 Chinese patients to assess EDS and its correlations with polysomnographic parameters. The diagnostic accuracy of ESS in classifying EDS （mean sleep latency （MSL） 〈10 minutes） was evaluated by calculating the area under ROC curve. Results As the severity of OSAHS increased, MSL decreased with increase in ESS score. Conversely, patients with worsening EDS （shorter MSL） were characterized by advanced nocturnal hypoxaemia and sleep disruption compared to those with normal MSL, suggesting EDS is associated with more severe OSAHS. There was a negative correlation between ESS score and MSL and both moderately correlated with some polysomnographic nocturnal hypoxaemic parameters. The area under ROC curve of ESS for identifying EDS was 0.80 （95% CI： 0.71 to 0.88） and ESS score 〉12 provided the best predictive value with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 69%. Conclusion The ESS score moderately correlates with MSL and our ROC study supports ESS as a screening strategy for assessing EDS in OSAHS.
