With its advantages in wirelength reduction and routing flexibility compared with conventional Manhattan routing, X architecture has been proposed and applied to modern IC design. As a critical part in high-performanc...With its advantages in wirelength reduction and routing flexibility compared with conventional Manhattan routing, X architecture has been proposed and applied to modern IC design. As a critical part in high-performance integrated circuits, clock network design meets great challenges due to feature size decrease and clock frequency increase. In order to eliminate the delay and attenuation of clock signal introduced by the vias, and to make it more tolerant to process variations, in this paper, we propose an algorithm of a single layer zero skew clock routing in X architecture （called Pianar-CRX）. Our Planar- CRX method integrates the extended deferred-merge embedding algorithm （DME-X, which extends the DME algorithm to X architecture） with modified Ohtsuki＇s line-search algorithm to minimize the total wirelength and the bends. Compared with planar clock routing in the Manhattan plane, our method achieves a reduction of 6.81% in total wirelength on average and gets the resultant clock tree with fewer bends. Experimental results also indicate that our solution can be comparable with previous non-planar zero skew clock routing algorithm.展开更多
Accurate modelling of lithium ion batteries is crucial for battery management in electric vehicles.Recent studies have revealed the fractional order nature of lithium ion batteries,leading to fractional order modellin...Accurate modelling of lithium ion batteries is crucial for battery management in electric vehicles.Recent studies have revealed the fractional order nature of lithium ion batteries,leading to fractional order modelling techniques.In this paper,a comprehensive review of the fractional order battery models and their applications in battery management of electric vehicles is provided from the perspectives of frequency and time domains.In the frequency domain,the fractional order models to fit electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data are investigated,followed by their applications in health diagnosis,battery heating and charging strategies.In the time domain,the fractional order models adopted for voltage simulation are discussed,followed by their applications in battery state estimation and fault diagnosis.Finally,from the perspectives of time domain and frequency domain applications,critical challenges and research trends for future work in terms of fractional order modelling are highlighted to advance the development of next-generation battery management.展开更多
基金Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60876026), the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Crant No. 200800030026)
文摘With its advantages in wirelength reduction and routing flexibility compared with conventional Manhattan routing, X architecture has been proposed and applied to modern IC design. As a critical part in high-performance integrated circuits, clock network design meets great challenges due to feature size decrease and clock frequency increase. In order to eliminate the delay and attenuation of clock signal introduced by the vias, and to make it more tolerant to process variations, in this paper, we propose an algorithm of a single layer zero skew clock routing in X architecture （called Pianar-CRX）. Our Planar- CRX method integrates the extended deferred-merge embedding algorithm （DME-X, which extends the DME algorithm to X architecture） with modified Ohtsuki＇s line-search algorithm to minimize the total wirelength and the bends. Compared with planar clock routing in the Manhattan plane, our method achieves a reduction of 6.81% in total wirelength on average and gets the resultant clock tree with fewer bends. Experimental results also indicate that our solution can be comparable with previous non-planar zero skew clock routing algorithm.
基金This work was supported by Beijing Science and Technology Program(Grant No.Z181100004518005).
文摘Accurate modelling of lithium ion batteries is crucial for battery management in electric vehicles.Recent studies have revealed the fractional order nature of lithium ion batteries,leading to fractional order modelling techniques.In this paper,a comprehensive review of the fractional order battery models and their applications in battery management of electric vehicles is provided from the perspectives of frequency and time domains.In the frequency domain,the fractional order models to fit electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data are investigated,followed by their applications in health diagnosis,battery heating and charging strategies.In the time domain,the fractional order models adopted for voltage simulation are discussed,followed by their applications in battery state estimation and fault diagnosis.Finally,from the perspectives of time domain and frequency domain applications,critical challenges and research trends for future work in terms of fractional order modelling are highlighted to advance the development of next-generation battery management.
