医联体对社区原发性高血压患者的分级诊疗和规范化管理的作用

目的探讨医联体对社区原发性高血压(高血压)患者的分级诊疗和规范化管理的作用。方法随机选取2016年1月至2017年9月35～75岁北京东城区社区卫生服务中心高血压患者1 000例;对其建立电子健康管理档案并随访观察半年;给予相应的规范化管理。观察对比管理前后每组高血压知晓率、服药率、控制率、血压达标率情况;血糖、血脂、吸烟、体质量指数等心血管危险因素的控制情况;以及不良生活方式的改变、运动康复情况。结果通过医院与社区联合规范化管理高血压患者,其高血压知晓率(67.3%vs. 89.6%)、治疗率(79.8%vs. 90.6%)、控制率(69.4%vs. 81.2%),达标率(58.6%vs. 75.1%)均明显提高,与管理前比较,差异均有统计意义(P<0.001)。收缩压[(152.42±13.531)mmHg vs.(129.47±12.38)mmHg;1 mmHg=0.133 kPa]、舒张压[(98.32±12.121)mmHg vs.(77.47±14.38)mmHg]、血糖[(8.89±1.76)mmol/L vs.(6.48±1.81)mmol/L]、总胆固醇[(6.42±0.52)mmol/L vs.(4.58±0.62)mmol/L]、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇[(4.28±0.39)mmol/L vs.(3.06±1.24)mmol/L]等较管理前控制好,差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。同时患者在按时服药(70.1%vs. 86.4%)、低盐低脂饮食(59.1%vs. 75.3%)及合理运动(68.6%vs. 84.1%)生活方式方面优于管理前,差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。管理后新诊断的高血压并发冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)(15.2%vs. 26.9%)、并发糖尿病(17.6%vs. 21.5%)、并发颈动脉狭窄(0.9%vs. 1.6%)患者比例较管理前增多,差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。结论通过医联体分级诊疗对高血压患者规范化管理,能够提高患者高血压的知晓率、达标率、控制率、服药依从性,并有效改善患者的各项指标;同时积极控制心血管危险因素,能早期及时诊治高血压并发冠心病、并发糖尿病、并发心力衰竭、并发颈动脉狭窄等患者。

Long-term effects of drug-eluting stents versus bare metal stents on patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention： outcomes of 3-year clinical follow-up

Background The long-term safety and efficacy of drug-eluting stents （DES） versus bare metal stents （BMS） are unclear and controversial issues in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term outcome of STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI with DES versus BMS implantation. Methods A total of 191 patients with acute STEMI undergoing PCI from Jan. 2005 to Dec. 2007 were enrolled. Patients received DES （n=83） or BMS （n=108） implantation in the infarction related artery according to physician＇s discretion. The primary outcome was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events （MACE）, which was defined as a composite of death, myocardial infarction （MI）, target vessel revascularization （TVR） and stent thrombosis. The difference of MACE was observed between DES and BMS groups. Results The clinical follow-up duration was 3 years （（41.7±16.1） months）. MACE occurred in 20 patients during three years follow-up. Logistic regression analysis showed that the left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） was an independent predictor for MACE in the follow-up period （P=0.0301）. There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality （3.61% vs. 7.41%, P=0.2647）, the incidence of myocardial infarction （0 vs. 0.93%, P=-0.379） and stent thrombosis （1.20% vs. 1.85%, P=0.727） between the DES group and BMS group. The incidence of MACE was significantly lower in the DES group compared to the BMS group （4.82% vs. 14.81%, P=0.0253）. The rate of TVR was also lower in the DES group （0 vs. 5.56%, P=0.029）. In the DES group, there was no significant difference in the incidence of MACE between sirolimus eluting stents （SES, n=73） and paclitaxel-eluting stents （PES, n=10） subgroups （2.74% vs. 20.00%, P 〉0.05）. Conclusions This finding suggested that drug-eluting stents significantly reduced the need for revascularization in patients with acute STEMI, without increasing the incidence of death or myocardial infarction. Use of DES significantly decreased the incidence of MACE compared with BMS during the 3-year follow-up.