研究氮肥对非充分灌溉下棉花花铃期光合特性及产量的补偿作用及其机制,以期为干旱地区棉花水肥高效利用提供理论依据。以"新陆中54号"为试材,采用裂区试验设计,主区为总灌溉量2800 m^3 hm^(–2)(非充分灌溉)和3800 m^3 hm^(–...研究氮肥对非充分灌溉下棉花花铃期光合特性及产量的补偿作用及其机制,以期为干旱地区棉花水肥高效利用提供理论依据。以"新陆中54号"为试材,采用裂区试验设计,主区为总灌溉量2800 m^3 hm^(–2)(非充分灌溉)和3800 m^3 hm^(–2)(常规灌溉),副区为4个施氮(纯N)水平(0、150、300和450 kg hm^(–2))。同一氮肥处理下,非充分灌溉处理棉花花铃期叶面积指数(LAI)、净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、单株光合产物积累与分配、单株结铃数、单铃重及籽棉产量均低于常规灌溉处理,但籽棉增产率和灌溉水生产力高于常规灌溉处理;同一灌溉量下,随着氮肥施用量的增加,棉花花铃期LAI和单株光合产物积累量先增后降,且表现为N450>N300>N150>N0,T_r、P_n、单株光合产物向生殖器官分配比例、单株结铃数、单铃重、籽棉产量、籽棉增产率及灌溉水生产力均表现为N300>N450>N150>N0;非充分灌溉下增施氮肥的补偿效果随着氮肥用量的增加呈先增加后下降的趋势,N300处理补偿效果最显著,与常规灌溉处理相比,补偿效应主要表现在棉花花铃期P_n平均提高10.9%,单株光合产物积累向生殖积累器官分配比例提高10.7%,单株结铃数、单铃重、籽棉增产率及灌溉水生产力分别提高5.0%、8.0%、7.1%和7.5%;氮肥对棉花花铃期光合特性及产量构成因素的影响大于水分。非充分灌溉下氮肥施用量为300 kg hm^(–2)时补偿效应最大,虽然在产量上有所下降,但从干旱地区农业缺水的现实考虑,可准确灌溉施肥,且籽棉产量较常规灌溉处理仅下降1.3%。因此,在南疆自然生态条件下,非充分灌溉下施氮300 kg hm^(–2)时棉花花铃期LAI、T_r、P_n及单株光合产物积累量适宜,向生殖器官转运补偿效果显著,具有最大的产量补偿作用,且节水26.3%。展开更多
Head smut of maize （Zea mays L.）, which was caused by Sporisorium reiliana, occurred in most of the maize growing areas of the world. The purpose of this study was to develop SCAR markers for map-based cloning of re...Head smut of maize （Zea mays L.）, which was caused by Sporisorium reiliana, occurred in most of the maize growing areas of the world. The purpose of this study was to develop SCAR markers for map-based cloning of resistance genes and MAS. Two sets of BC3 progenies, one （BC3Q） derived from the cross Qi319 （resistance）×Huangzao 4 （susceptible）, the other （BC3M） from Mol7 （resistance）× Huangzao 4 （susceptible）, were generated. Huangzao 4 was the recurrent parent in both progenies. A combination of BSA （bulked segregant analysis） with AFLP （amplified fragment length polymorphism） method was applied to map the genes involving the resistance to S. reiliana, and corresponding resistant and susceptible bulks and their parental lines were used for screening polymorphic AFLP primer pairs. One fragment of PI3M61-152 was converted into SCAR （sequence charactered amplified fragment） marker S130. The marker was mapped at chromosome bin 2.09, the interval of a major QTL region previously reported to contribute to S. reiliana resistance. Furthermore, S130 was highly and facilitate map-based cloni associated with resistance to S. reiliana, and could be useful for marker-assisted selection ng of resistance genes.展开更多
【目的】沟胸步甲属 Holcoderus 属于鞘翅目(Coleoptera)步甲科(Carabidae)壶步甲族(Lebiini)。本研究旨在对该属在中国分布的各个种进行分类厘定。【方法】基于中国科学院动物研究所的馆藏标本以及欧洲多家博物馆的模式标本,采用形态...【目的】沟胸步甲属 Holcoderus 属于鞘翅目(Coleoptera)步甲科(Carabidae)壶步甲族(Lebiini)。本研究旨在对该属在中国分布的各个种进行分类厘定。【方法】基于中国科学院动物研究所的馆藏标本以及欧洲多家博物馆的模式标本,采用形态比较学方法开展研究。【结果】共发现中国沟胸步甲属5种,其中包括新种1种(双毛沟胸步甲 H. bisetus sp. n.,模式产地:云南西双版纳),中国新纪录种3种(雅沟胸步甲 H. gracilis 、绿沟胸步甲 H. smaragdinus 和红腿沟胸步甲 H. aeripennis )。提供了中国所有种类的形态描述及特征图,并编制了分种检索表。【结论】至此,我国所分布的沟胸步甲属物种从此前记录的1种增加至5种。展开更多
The structural transformation and electronic structure of ZnO under hydrostatic pressure are investigated using the HSE06 range-separated hybrid functional.We show that wurtzite ZnO under pressure undergoes a structur...The structural transformation and electronic structure of ZnO under hydrostatic pressure are investigated using the HSE06 range-separated hybrid functional.We show that wurtzite ZnO under pressure undergoes a structural transition to a graphite-like phase.We also find that the band gap of wurtzite phase is always direct,whereas the new phase can display either direct or indirect band structure.Furthermore,the gap is greatly enhanced by pressure and no semi-metallic phase is observed.This is drastically different from our previous results of AlN and GaN[Appl.Phys.Lett.100(2012)022104].展开更多
文摘研究氮肥对非充分灌溉下棉花花铃期光合特性及产量的补偿作用及其机制,以期为干旱地区棉花水肥高效利用提供理论依据。以"新陆中54号"为试材,采用裂区试验设计,主区为总灌溉量2800 m^3 hm^(–2)(非充分灌溉)和3800 m^3 hm^(–2)(常规灌溉),副区为4个施氮(纯N)水平(0、150、300和450 kg hm^(–2))。同一氮肥处理下,非充分灌溉处理棉花花铃期叶面积指数(LAI)、净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、单株光合产物积累与分配、单株结铃数、单铃重及籽棉产量均低于常规灌溉处理,但籽棉增产率和灌溉水生产力高于常规灌溉处理;同一灌溉量下,随着氮肥施用量的增加,棉花花铃期LAI和单株光合产物积累量先增后降,且表现为N450>N300>N150>N0,T_r、P_n、单株光合产物向生殖器官分配比例、单株结铃数、单铃重、籽棉产量、籽棉增产率及灌溉水生产力均表现为N300>N450>N150>N0;非充分灌溉下增施氮肥的补偿效果随着氮肥用量的增加呈先增加后下降的趋势,N300处理补偿效果最显著,与常规灌溉处理相比,补偿效应主要表现在棉花花铃期P_n平均提高10.9%,单株光合产物积累向生殖积累器官分配比例提高10.7%,单株结铃数、单铃重、籽棉增产率及灌溉水生产力分别提高5.0%、8.0%、7.1%和7.5%;氮肥对棉花花铃期光合特性及产量构成因素的影响大于水分。非充分灌溉下氮肥施用量为300 kg hm^(–2)时补偿效应最大,虽然在产量上有所下降,但从干旱地区农业缺水的现实考虑,可准确灌溉施肥,且籽棉产量较常规灌溉处理仅下降1.3%。因此,在南疆自然生态条件下,非充分灌溉下施氮300 kg hm^(–2)时棉花花铃期LAI、T_r、P_n及单株光合产物积累量适宜,向生殖器官转运补偿效果显著,具有最大的产量补偿作用,且节水26.3%。
基金funded by the National Hi-Tech R&D Program,China(863Program,2006AA100103,2007AA10Z172)the International Cooperation Project for Science and Technology(2007DFA31010)
文摘Head smut of maize （Zea mays L.）, which was caused by Sporisorium reiliana, occurred in most of the maize growing areas of the world. The purpose of this study was to develop SCAR markers for map-based cloning of resistance genes and MAS. Two sets of BC3 progenies, one （BC3Q） derived from the cross Qi319 （resistance）×Huangzao 4 （susceptible）, the other （BC3M） from Mol7 （resistance）× Huangzao 4 （susceptible）, were generated. Huangzao 4 was the recurrent parent in both progenies. A combination of BSA （bulked segregant analysis） with AFLP （amplified fragment length polymorphism） method was applied to map the genes involving the resistance to S. reiliana, and corresponding resistant and susceptible bulks and their parental lines were used for screening polymorphic AFLP primer pairs. One fragment of PI3M61-152 was converted into SCAR （sequence charactered amplified fragment） marker S130. The marker was mapped at chromosome bin 2.09, the interval of a major QTL region previously reported to contribute to S. reiliana resistance. Furthermore, S130 was highly and facilitate map-based cloni associated with resistance to S. reiliana, and could be useful for marker-assisted selection ng of resistance genes.
文摘【目的】沟胸步甲属 Holcoderus 属于鞘翅目(Coleoptera)步甲科(Carabidae)壶步甲族(Lebiini)。本研究旨在对该属在中国分布的各个种进行分类厘定。【方法】基于中国科学院动物研究所的馆藏标本以及欧洲多家博物馆的模式标本,采用形态比较学方法开展研究。【结果】共发现中国沟胸步甲属5种,其中包括新种1种(双毛沟胸步甲 H. bisetus sp. n.,模式产地:云南西双版纳),中国新纪录种3种(雅沟胸步甲 H. gracilis 、绿沟胸步甲 H. smaragdinus 和红腿沟胸步甲 H. aeripennis )。提供了中国所有种类的形态描述及特征图,并编制了分种检索表。【结论】至此,我国所分布的沟胸步甲属物种从此前记录的1种增加至5种。
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No 2012LWB54.
文摘The structural transformation and electronic structure of ZnO under hydrostatic pressure are investigated using the HSE06 range-separated hybrid functional.We show that wurtzite ZnO under pressure undergoes a structural transition to a graphite-like phase.We also find that the band gap of wurtzite phase is always direct,whereas the new phase can display either direct or indirect band structure.Furthermore,the gap is greatly enhanced by pressure and no semi-metallic phase is observed.This is drastically different from our previous results of AlN and GaN[Appl.Phys.Lett.100(2012)022104].
