基于APD与PIN接收机的UWOC系统误码率性能优化研究

本文主要研究采用雪崩光电二极管(Avalanche PhotoDiode,APD)和PIN(Positive-Intrinsic-Negative)光电二极管作为接收机时,水下无线光通信(Underwater Wireless Optical Communication,UWOC)系统的误码率(Bit Error Rate,BER)性能及其优化.具体而言,提出并通过数值仿真验证了一种含指向误差的双指数函数路径损耗模型,以更全面地描述清澈海洋水质UWOC的信道特性.基于此模型,在上述两种接收机场景下,分别推导了采用OOK(On-Off Keying)调制时UWOC系统的理论BER闭型表达;以最小化BER为优化目标,证明该优化问题实际上是一个关于接收机倾斜角的凸优化问题,并给出了相应的理论解与数值仿真验证.理论分析和仿真结果均表明:根据理论计算与仿真得到的最佳倾斜角,可以合理地倾斜接收机,相较于未倾斜前的UWOC系统误码性能,其性能提升幅度最大能达到71.68%.

Response of slope surface roughness to wave-induced erosion during water level fluctuating

The bank slopes in hydro-fluctuation areas of reservoirs or lakes suffer from severe erosion due to an absence of protection. Waves are one of the important external forces that cause bank erosion and slope failures. However, the processes and quantified impacts of wave-induced erosion on slopes remain unclear under different water level-fluctuation conditions. This paper focuses on the characteristics of wave-induced slope erosion under three conditions: water level dropping(WLD), fixed(WLF) and rising(WLR). A steel tank with glass pane was used to simulate the wave-induced slope erosion in the three treatments. The slope elevation data were collected by using the method of the pin meter for every 15 minutes from the beginning to the end, a total of 5 times during all treatments. These data were processed by using software(SURFER 9.0) to get the slope micro-topography and the erosion volume. Then the temporal and spatial change of slope erosion was analysed according to the erosion amount or erosion rate calculated based on bulk density of slope soil. The results demonstrated that the soil erosion rates for different water level changing treatments are in the following order: WLR>WLD>WLF. For the erosion spatial variation, the middle part of the slope was the major source of sediment in the WLD. The upper part of the slope was the major source of the sediment for the other two treatments. Compared with the standard deviation(SD), the coefficient of variation(CV) based on the SD is more representative of variations in the soil surface roughness(SSR). Furthermore, the good fit between the SSR and soil erosion rate have the potential to be used to predict soil erosion. Above all, the injection angle of the wave determined the rate of erosion to some extent, and the fall-back flow of the wave could also influence the extent of erosion, deposition, and bank morphology. It is vital to choose the appropriate index(SD or CV) in the three water levels to improve the prediction accuracy. This paper could provide scientific knowledge to manage reservoirs or river banks.

汽轮机联轴器铰孔后重量匹配问题分析与处理

文章对新疆华电高昌热电有限公司350 MW汽轮机联轴器铰孔后出现的问题进行了分析,得出一套简单易行的处理方法,对于类似问题的解决具有参考和指导意义。

壤中流和土壤解冻深度对黑土坡面融雪侵蚀的影响

融雪侵蚀是东北黑土区土壤流失的一种重要形式,而目前有关壤中流和土壤解冻深度对融雪径流侵蚀的影响研究较少。本研究采用室内模拟试验,设计两个融雪径流量(1和4L·min^(-1))和两个土壤解冻深度(5和10 cm),以及有、无壤中流处理,分析壤中流和土壤解冻深度对黑土区坡面融雪侵蚀的影响。结果表明:1)壤中流处理下坡面融雪径流深度和侵蚀量分别是无壤中流处理的1.1~1.2倍和1.3~1.9倍。两个融雪径流量下,当土壤解冻深度由5 cm增加到10 cm时,无壤中流处理下坡面融雪径流深度和侵蚀量分别增加10.0%~13.5%和15.4%~37.1%;而有壤中流处理下坡面融雪径流深度增加6.5%~8.5%,融雪侵蚀量则无显著变化。2)坡面细沟发育受壤中流、土壤解冻深度和融雪径流量的综合影响,各处理下细沟侵蚀量占坡面融雪侵蚀量的72%以上。3)壤中流发生使坡面径流流速和径流剪切力分别增加20.3%~23.2%和37.0%~51.3%,Darcy-Weisbach阻力系数减少9.0%~21.4%,从而增加了坡面融雪侵蚀量;且壤中流发生促进了坡面细沟发育,其细沟侵蚀量较无壤中流处理增加43.6%~69.9%,也导致坡面融雪侵蚀量增加。无壤中流条件下,土壤解冻深度加剧坡面融雪侵蚀的主要原因是随着土壤解冻深度的增加,坡面径流侵蚀能力和可蚀性物质来源增加,导致融雪径流侵蚀量增加。此外,土壤解冻深度对壤中流条件下细沟形态发育也有明显的影响,土壤解冻深度为5 cm时,细沟横向加宽作用显著;而土壤解冻深度为10 cm时,细沟下切侵蚀作用更显著。本研究加深了对黑土区融雪侵蚀机理的认识,可为水蚀模型的研发提供理论指导。