Agricultural water allocation system based on priority rights has caused regional conflicts and down-stream ecological degradation.It is the urgent need to introduce the concept of the initial water rights and estab-l...Agricultural water allocation system based on priority rights has caused regional conflicts and down-stream ecological degradation.It is the urgent need to introduce the concept of the initial water rights and estab-lish benefi ts compensation mechanism to resolve such problems.This paper takes the Shiyang River basin as an example to calculate the opportunity cost of 0.97×108 m3 of agricultural water encroached by the middle reach based on initial water right allocation system under which water is allocated in accordance with the ratio between agricultural population of two different regions concerning the downstream ecological reconstruction needs with Bio-economic model(BEM).The results suggest that the total economic loss of Minqin County for ecological reconstruction amounts to 2.57×108 yuan,of which 1.68×108 yuan is ecological compensation,representing the economic loss Minqin suffered for ecological reconstruction which should burden benefi cial groups of ecological reconstruction and 0.89×108 yuan is the economic loss Minqin suffered due to Liangzhou's encroachment behavior which should be compensated by Liangzhou.展开更多
Land degradation and desertification have becom severe environmental problems in arid areas due to excessive use of water resources. It is urgent to reduce agricultural water use fo ecological rehabilitation, which ma...Land degradation and desertification have becom severe environmental problems in arid areas due to excessive use of water resources. It is urgent to reduce agricultural water use fo ecological rehabilitation, which may result in a decrease in agri cultural production and farmer's welfare. This paper focused on the impacts of some main measures including extensions of water saving irrigation, expanding solar green house and increasing off farm employment, which are generally recognized to be importan to alleviate water shortage and poverty. A bio-economic model i applied taking Minqin Oasis in Gansu Province as a case study site. Simulation results showed that the effect of expanding sola greenhouse was more positive than other ones so it drew more attention. On the view of the different effects between each irriga tion zone, mixed policy patterns suitable for them are suggested In Baqu, expanding solar greenhouse should be the most impor tant, auxiliary with encouraging pipe irrigation. Inversely, with regard to Quanshan, the major attention should be paid to subsidy for pipe irrigation and it would be better to supply the off-farm employment opportunities to the households in Huqu, where the expanding of solar greenhouse should also be summoned. Finally it should be noted that farmer's income would only resume to 90% of the current level in the short run by putting more effort into lo cal policies. Thus, the ecological compensation is needed to ensure farmer's welfare.展开更多
This paper examined the impacts of the total energy consumption control policy and energy quota allocation plans on China′s regional economy. This research analyzed the influences of different energy quota allocation...This paper examined the impacts of the total energy consumption control policy and energy quota allocation plans on China′s regional economy. This research analyzed the influences of different energy quota allocation plans with various weights of equity and efficiency, using a dynamic computable general equilibrium(CGE) model for 30 province-level administrative regions. The results show that the efficiency-first allocation plan costs the least but widens regional income gap, whereas the outcomes of equity-first allocation plan and intensity target-based allocation plan are similar and are both opposite to the efficiency-first allocation plan′ outcome. The plan featuring a balance between efficiency and equity is more feasible, which can bring regional economic losses evenly and prevent massive interregional migration of energy-related industries. Furthermore, the effects of possible induced energy technology improvements in different energy quota allocation plans were studied. Induced energy technology improvements can add more feasibility to all allocation plans under the total energy consumption control policy. In the long term, if the policy of the total energy consumption control continues and more market-based tools are implemented to allocate energy quotas, the positive consequences of induced energy technology improvements will become much more obvious.展开更多
This paper aims to estimate the effects of changing life style and consumption demands driven by income growth and urbanization on increase of energy requirements in China, and es-timate the impacts of improvement in ...This paper aims to estimate the effects of changing life style and consumption demands driven by income growth and urbanization on increase of energy requirements in China, and es-timate the impacts of improvement in household consumption on mitigating energy requirements towards 2020, based on input-out-put analysis and scenarios simulation approach. The result shows that energy requirement per capita has increased by 159% for urban residents and 147% for rural residents from 1995 to 2004. Growth in household consumption driven by income growth and urbanization may induce a successive increase in energy require-ments in future. Per capita energy requirements of urban residents will increase by 240% during 2002-2015 and 330% during 2002-2020. Urbanization might lead to 0.75 billion ton of increment of energy requirements in 2020. About 45%-48% of total energy requirements in China might be a consequence of residents' life styles and the economic activities to support consumption demands in 2020. Under low-carbon life style scenario, per capita energy requirements of urban residents may decline to 97% in 2015 and 92% in 2020 in contrast with baseline scenario. That implies that China needs to pay a great attention to developing green low-carbon life style in order to realize mitigation target towards 2020.展开更多
基金supported by the "100 Talents Pro-gramme" of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Agricultural water allocation system based on priority rights has caused regional conflicts and down-stream ecological degradation.It is the urgent need to introduce the concept of the initial water rights and estab-lish benefi ts compensation mechanism to resolve such problems.This paper takes the Shiyang River basin as an example to calculate the opportunity cost of 0.97×108 m3 of agricultural water encroached by the middle reach based on initial water right allocation system under which water is allocated in accordance with the ratio between agricultural population of two different regions concerning the downstream ecological reconstruction needs with Bio-economic model(BEM).The results suggest that the total economic loss of Minqin County for ecological reconstruction amounts to 2.57×108 yuan,of which 1.68×108 yuan is ecological compensation,representing the economic loss Minqin suffered for ecological reconstruction which should burden benefi cial groups of ecological reconstruction and 0.89×108 yuan is the economic loss Minqin suffered due to Liangzhou's encroachment behavior which should be compensated by Liangzhou.
基金the Grant for Outstanding Hundred Scholars of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Land degradation and desertification have becom severe environmental problems in arid areas due to excessive use of water resources. It is urgent to reduce agricultural water use fo ecological rehabilitation, which may result in a decrease in agri cultural production and farmer's welfare. This paper focused on the impacts of some main measures including extensions of water saving irrigation, expanding solar green house and increasing off farm employment, which are generally recognized to be importan to alleviate water shortage and poverty. A bio-economic model i applied taking Minqin Oasis in Gansu Province as a case study site. Simulation results showed that the effect of expanding sola greenhouse was more positive than other ones so it drew more attention. On the view of the different effects between each irriga tion zone, mixed policy patterns suitable for them are suggested In Baqu, expanding solar greenhouse should be the most impor tant, auxiliary with encouraging pipe irrigation. Inversely, with regard to Quanshan, the major attention should be paid to subsidy for pipe irrigation and it would be better to supply the off-farm employment opportunities to the households in Huqu, where the expanding of solar greenhouse should also be summoned. Finally it should be noted that farmer's income would only resume to 90% of the current level in the short run by putting more effort into lo cal policies. Thus, the ecological compensation is needed to ensure farmer's welfare.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41101556,71173212,71203215)
文摘This paper examined the impacts of the total energy consumption control policy and energy quota allocation plans on China′s regional economy. This research analyzed the influences of different energy quota allocation plans with various weights of equity and efficiency, using a dynamic computable general equilibrium(CGE) model for 30 province-level administrative regions. The results show that the efficiency-first allocation plan costs the least but widens regional income gap, whereas the outcomes of equity-first allocation plan and intensity target-based allocation plan are similar and are both opposite to the efficiency-first allocation plan′ outcome. The plan featuring a balance between efficiency and equity is more feasible, which can bring regional economic losses evenly and prevent massive interregional migration of energy-related industries. Furthermore, the effects of possible induced energy technology improvements in different energy quota allocation plans were studied. Induced energy technology improvements can add more feasibility to all allocation plans under the total energy consumption control policy. In the long term, if the policy of the total energy consumption control continues and more market-based tools are implemented to allocate energy quotas, the positive consequences of induced energy technology improvements will become much more obvious.
基金supported by Young Science Foundation of Communications University of China (Grant No. XNL1107)
文摘This paper aims to estimate the effects of changing life style and consumption demands driven by income growth and urbanization on increase of energy requirements in China, and es-timate the impacts of improvement in household consumption on mitigating energy requirements towards 2020, based on input-out-put analysis and scenarios simulation approach. The result shows that energy requirement per capita has increased by 159% for urban residents and 147% for rural residents from 1995 to 2004. Growth in household consumption driven by income growth and urbanization may induce a successive increase in energy require-ments in future. Per capita energy requirements of urban residents will increase by 240% during 2002-2015 and 330% during 2002-2020. Urbanization might lead to 0.75 billion ton of increment of energy requirements in 2020. About 45%-48% of total energy requirements in China might be a consequence of residents' life styles and the economic activities to support consumption demands in 2020. Under low-carbon life style scenario, per capita energy requirements of urban residents may decline to 97% in 2015 and 92% in 2020 in contrast with baseline scenario. That implies that China needs to pay a great attention to developing green low-carbon life style in order to realize mitigation target towards 2020.
